Contaminated Soil '90Third International KfK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil,10-14 December 1990, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic ofGermany

edited by

F. ARENDT

Projekt Schadstoffbeherrschung in der Umwelt,Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center,Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany

M. HINSENVELD

University of Cincinnati,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

and

Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO,Apeldoorn, The Netherlands

WJ. VAN DEN BRINK

TNO Corporate Communication Department,The Hague, The Netherlands

Volume II

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERSDORDRECHT/ BOSTON / LONDON

VOLUME

5. REMEDIAL ACTION TECHNIQUES

5.2 Overview papers

Dealing with old waste tips - a lack of knowledge, alack of technologyH. Seng 843NATO/CCMS pilot on 'Demonstration of remedial actiontechnologies for contaminated land and groundwater•.December 1990 Update of activitiesD.E. Sanning, E.R. Soczö & K. Stief 857

Alternative physico-chemical and thermal cleaningtechnologies for contaminated soilM. Hinsenveld, E.R. Soczö, G.J. van de Leur,C.W. versluijs & E. Groenedijk 873

Treatment of contaminated soils - Research center(Sonderforschungsbereich) 188 of the DFGR. Stegmann 883

5.2 Thermal techniques

Ten years experience in thermal soil treatmentR.C. Reintjes & C. Schuler 885

Combined thermal treatment and in-situ rehabilitation ofcontaminated soils on the area of an incineration plantfor industrial wasteK.P. Drescher, R. Lehbrink & K. Leifhold 895

Investigations on the decomposition of CFC in municipalsolid waste incineratorsJ. Vehlow, L. Stieglitz & W. Vilöhr 903

Industrial-scale testing of DBA pyrolysis process for thetreatment of organically contaminated soilsK. Mackenbrock & K. Horch • 905

5.3 Extractive techniques. Flotation

Investigation of the physical mechanisms involved in thepurification of contaminated soils by washing processesJ. Werther & M. Wilichowski 907

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Decontamination of a former gasworks site with an in situhigh pressure soil washing techniqueM. Ziegler & H. Balthaus 921

Experience with the Dywinex-washingprocess to clean soilcontaminated by metalsD. Rudat 929

On-site soil cleaning - Soil washing with the San-O-CleanSystemü.G.O. Peterson 931

Physico-cheraical soil purification with the HarbauerprocessR. Hennig 933

Laboratory tests on the characterization of contaminatedsoils and on the assessment of decontamination techniquesF. Elias & U. Wiesmann 935

Methode Mosmans as a way of purificating polluted soilC. Mosmans 937

Physico-chemical soil cleaning - the Hafemeister systemH.J. Aust 939

5.4 Bioloaical techniques

MT-TNO research into the biodegradation of soils andSediments contaminated with oils and polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAH's)G.J. Annokkee 941

Experience in microbiological soil remediationD. Stroh, T. Niemeyer & H. Viedt 947

Determination of the biotechnical treatibility ofcontaminated soilsB. Sprenger & H.G. Ebner 959

Basic investigations on the optimization of biologicaltreatment of oil-contaminated soilsS. Lotter, R. Stegmann & J~ Heerenklage 967

Landfarming of DEHP contaminated soilJ. Maag & H. Lcpkke 975

Experiences with microbiological on-site decontaminationof soil and building debris contaminated with solventsP. Bachhausen 983

Volume 2 xxix

Biological treatment of contaminated soils in regionalbiological decontamination centresH. Schüßler & H. Kroos 989

Soil regeneration using white rot fungiE. Trude 991

Production-scale trials on the decontamination of oil-polluted soil in a rotating bioreactor at field capacityG.P.M. van den Munckhof & M.F.X. Veul 993

Design of a slurry process for the biotechnologicaltreatment of excavated polluted soilsR.H. KleijntJens, T.A. Meeder, M.J. Geerdink &K.Ch.A.H. Luyben 997

Experience with microbial cleaning of finest-grain soilsin horizontal bioreactors - The HBBM ProcessJ. Parthen, W. Claas, B. Sprenger, H.G. Ebner &K. Schügerl 999

Formation and degradation of phenolic compounds during amicrobiological soil decontaminationP. Bröcking, B. Sprenger, H.G. Ebner &D. von Wachtendonk 1001

Results biorestoration of a subsoil on an industrial siteP.A. de Boks, H.M.C. Satijn & A.G. Veitkamp 1003

Kinetic studies on the hydrogen peroxide-enhanced in situbiodegradation of hydrocarbons in water-saturated groundzoneE.R. Barenschee, O. Helmling, S. Dahmer, B. Del Grosso &C. Ludwig 1011

In situ biorestoration of soil contaminated with aromatic,polyaromatic and phenolic compoundsH.B.R.J. van Vree, L.G.C.M. Urlings & P. Geldner 1019

Hydraulic remediation in combination with microbialdecontamination in-situ and on-siteJ. Weidner, K. Wichmann & C. Czekalla 1021

Microbiological in-situ remediation on a former tar-distilling plantP. Geldner & W. Böhm 1023

In situ biorestoration of a subsoil, contaminated withgasolineR. van den Berg, J.H.A.M. Verheul & D.H. Eikelboom 1025

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Presentation of a soil decontamination on a petrolStation by a 'in situ'-techniqueU. Rosenbrock & H. Niebelschütz 1027

Previous gasworks Ohligs in Solingen - field trials onthe biological treatment of PAC-contaminated soilsH. Bullmann, M. Odensaß & H.-P. Wruk 1029

Development of microbiological/adsorptive methods forremediation of PAH-contaminated soilsJ. Klein & M. Beyer 1031

Soil and groundwater sanitation on the area "of thewaste-oil refinery Pintsch-Öl, Hanau - Large-scale testsfor biorestorationA. Riss & P. Ripper 1033

Biorestoration of contaminated soil. LaboratoryexperimentsC. J<f>rgensen, B.K. Jensen, T.H. Christensen, L. Kl<pft &A.N. Madsen 1035

Developing of a biological process for thedecontamination of coking-plant sites: microbialdegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsD. Bryniok, B. Eichler, A. Köhler, W. Clemens,K. Mackenbrock, D. Freier-Schröder & H.-J. Knackmuss 1037

5.5 Air strippinq. Soil vapour extraction

Air injection and soil air extraction as a combinedmethod for cleaning contaminated sites - observationsfrom test sites in Sediments and solid rocksU. Böhler, J. Brauns, H. Hötzl & M. Nahold 1039

Investigation on the circulation flow around thecombined withdrawal and infiltration well forgroundwater remediation - demonstrated for theunderpressure vaporizer well (UVB)W. Bürmann 1045

Vacuum extraction on a chemical waste disposal siteW. van Oosterom & S. DenzeJ. 1053

In-situ cleaning of CHC contaminated sites: model-scaleexperiments using the air injection (in-situ stripping)method in granulär soilsK. Wehrle 1061

In situ vapor extraction of a toluene contaminated soilF. Spuy, L.G.C.M. Urlings & S. Coffa 1063

Volume 2 *""

In-situ groundwater remediation of stripable contaminantswith underpressure-vaporizer-wells (UVB): results ofnumerical computationsB. Herrling, W. Bürmann & J. Stamm 1065

Soil venting: removal and biodegradation of hydrocarbonsfrom polluted soilB. Lindhardt & J. Jacobsen 1067

Volatile organic compound (VOC) air stripping pilotrestoration programP. Parentl & G. Cicerone 1069

5.6 Other remedial action technioues

Electro-reclamation: state-of-the-art and futuredeve1opmentsR. Lageman, W. Pool & G.A. Seffinga 1071

In situ extraction of contaminants from hazardous wastesites by electroosmosisP.C. Renaud 1079

Hydraulic fracturing to increase fluid flowi.C. Murdoch, G. Losonsky, I. Klich & P. Cluxton 1087

Upgrading of landfill gas by membranes - experiences withoperating a pilot plantR. Rautenbach & K. Welsch 1095

5.7 Leachate and aroundwater treatment

Investigations on chemical/physical treatment of leachatefrom a hazardous waste landfillC. Forst, L. Stieglitz & H. Barth 1097

Liquid removal from abandoned waste sites andcontaminated soils. Planning and dimensioning of removalSystemsT. Meschede & K. Günther 1105

Development and Operation of a pilot plant for thebiological treatment of the Hambürg-Georgswerder landfillleachatesH. Krebs, M.A. Rubio, O. Debus & P.A. Wilderer 1113

Biological treatment of waste waters containingchlorophenols in sequencing batch reactorsJ. Kaufmann, H. Krebs, O. Debus, P.A. Wilderer &M.A. Rubio 1121

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The effect of sequencing batch reactor process strategieson microbial evolution during the biological treatmentof the Georgswerder landfill leachatesM.A. Rubio, H. Krebs, O. Debus, L. Davids &P.A. Wilderer 1123

Development of a membrane oxygenation System for theaerobic biodegradation of volatile organic compounds ina leachate treatment facilityO. Debus, H. Krebs, M.A. Rubio & P.A. Wilderer 1125

Biodegradation of dibenzofuran in a membrane biofilmreactorM.M. Kniebusch, J. Wendt, R.-D. Behling, P.A. Wilderer &M.A. Rubio 1127

A new process for the elimination of lipophilicchlororganic compounds from heavily contaminated disposalsite leachatesE. Thomanetz & D. Jung 1129

The oxidation of organic compounds in high contaminatedleachates with hydrogen peroxide with and without use ofUV-radiationE. Thomanetz & W. Röder 1131

Effects of biological pretreatment of leachate onposttreatment by reverse osmosis and evaporation;landfill of Mechernich, Northrhine-WestfaliaC.F. Seyfried & ü. Theilen 1133

Safeguarding municipal dumps by controlled landfill-gasutilisation combined with biological treatment ofleachate and Condensed waterK. Wichmann, C. Czekalla & P. Vollmer 1135

Leachate treatment by reverse osmosis and devaporationR. Rautenbach, K. Arz, C. Erdmann & R. Mellis 1137

Landfill leachate treatment using innovative membraneprocessesTh.A. Peters 1139

Groundwater pollution caused by oilproducts - Sanitationof an industrial area, usihg a groundwater treatmentplantP. Jahn & A. Reher-Path 1141

In situ treatment of groundwater polluted withchlorinated hydrocarbonsJ. Svoma 1143

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Ion exchange technique for the purification ofgroundwater polluted by heavy metalsJ. Johannsen, M. Krutz, E. Petzold, S. Süring 1145

Contaminated aquifer restoration program in VilleMercier, Quebec, CanadaR.M. Booth, M. Halevy & J.W. Schmidt 1147

Groundwater remediation by the ci.rculation flow aroundthe combined withdrawal and infiltration well - Operationand dimensioning of the wellW. Bürmann 1149

Groundwater remediation on the site of a former gasworksH.-G. Edel 1151

Treatment technology for chromium removal in groundwaterK. Zotter & I. Licskö 1153

Biological groundwater treatment - Full-scale projectsH.M.M. Bosgoed, B.A. Bult & L.G.C.M. Urlings 1155

Consulting, construction and operating results of afull-scale biotechnological plant for the oxidation ofiron and manganese with simultaneous elimination ofvolatile chlorinated hydrocarbons from ground waterV. Quentmeier & M. Saake 1157

Development of a bioreactor for degradation of xenobioticcompounds in groundwaterW. de Bruin, P. Vis, G. Bröerken, A. Rinzema, H. Rozema &G. Schraa 1161

Biological and chemical treatment of contaminatedgroundwatersJ. Behrendt & U. Wiesmann 1163

6. 8APEG0ARDING TECHNIQUES; PREVENTIOH

6.1 Larae proiects. Civil engineerina aspects

Civil engineering aspects of remedial actionsB.L. Jessberger ' 1167

CINDU - a unique sanitation project in Utrecht,NetherlandsP.W. de Vries & A.W.J. van Mensvoort 1175

x x x i v Volume 2

Excavation of contaminated soils and waste materials fromfluid waste ponds on the hazardous waste landfill inHamburg-GeorgswerderJ. Bartels-Langweige 1183

6.2 Phvsical isolation

Roof Systems for waste dumpsJ. Schnell & H. Meseck 1185

Studies on the efficiency of compacted cohesive soilliners for landfillsB. Vielhaber, S. Melchior & G. Miehlich 1191

Reorganization and utilization of a zincslag StockpilingC. Schmidt 1199

Pilot study of surface stabilization techniques forshallow-land burial sites in the South-Western U.S.A.F.J. Barnes, E.J. Kelly & E.A. Lopez 1201

Laboratory and practical experiences with water glassrefined mineral SystemsP. Belouschek & J.U. Kügler 1203

Field experiments to evaluate subsurface water managementfor landfills in snowmelt-dominated semiarid regions ofthe USAJ. Nyhan, T. Hakonson & S. Wohnlich 1205

Retentive capacity of incapsulations regarding gasesG. Rettenberger & S. Urban-Kiss 1207

Encapsulation of a contaminated soil area by means ofgeosyntheticsS.E. Hoekstra & R.A. Beine 1209

The use of capillary barriers in landfill coversS. Melchior, G. Braun & G. Miehlich 1211

About the use of geotextile to prevent therecontamination of exchanged soils by earthwormsJ. Campino & H.-P. Wruk 1213

Leachate free hazardous waste landfillJC. Rohrhofer & F. Kohzad 1215

Site specific isolation of a metallurgical slag dumpE. Adam, J. Brauns, H. Hötzl, F. Lamm, U. Ritscher &F. Franke 1217

Volume 2

Applications of a new mineral liner material for theencapsulation of contaminated groundK. Finsterwalder & J. Spirres 1219

The influence of fabric structure on the properties of amineral sealantH. Müller-Kirchenbauer, H. Schrewe, c. Schlötzer &J. Rogner 1221

The cutoff wall technique - development and State ofthe artD. Stroh & A. Poweleit 1223

Cut-off walls by the single-phased diaphragm wall methodJ.M. Seitz 1225

Recycling material excavated during curtain wallconstruction as the mineral component of a surface sealH. Müller-Kirchenbauer, J. Rogner, W. Friedrich &J. Ehresmann 1227

Chemical effects on the hydraulic conductivity of wasteContainment barriersF.T. Madsen 1229

Investigation of substance transport parameters in clayand their meaning for barrier effect of sealingsW. Schneider & J.J. Göttner 1237

Research apparatus for investigating the flexuralstrength and rupture of cohesive soilsJ. Henne & U. Smoltczyk 1247

How to deposit asbestos-bearing waste correctly - statusand prospectsJ. Kleineberg 1249

Proposal for testing of sealing material resistance totest fluidsH. Müller-Kirchenbauer, W. Friedrich & J. Rogner 1251

Construction of landfill base sealings duringunfavourable weather conditionsT. Sasse & E. Biener 1253

The pros and cons of different suitability tests forclay linersJ.-F. Wagner, Th. Egloffstein & K.A. Czurda 1255

Technical realisation of a new developed and a long-termresistant mineral base sealingB. Diedrich, K. Gronemeier & D. Peters 1257

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6.3 i|fliRg}TJ.lization

Solidification/stabilization of contaminated soils - anoverviewP.L. Bishop 1265

Immobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls byorganophilic binders - a case studyJ?. Soundararajan 1275

Cement-based solidification of organic-contaminatedindustrial wastesD.M. Montgomery, C.J. Sollars & R. Perry " 1283

When to apply immobilization techniques, and how toassess themE. Mulder 1285

Performance tests of solidified and stabilized wastematerials for environmental assessment and qualitycontrolH.A. van der Sloot 1287

Longterm stability of solidified waste as determined byphysical and morphological parametersW.E. Grube, Jr. 1289

Application of the TA Abfall-demand of quality on anexperimental waste disposal of solidified contaminatedsoilsP. Beckefeld 1297

Heavy metals in waste: assessment of long-term pollutionrisks through development of a reliable leaching testS. Cremer & P. Obermann 1299

Mineralogical techniques for investigation ofsolidified/stabilized organic wastesG. Hirschmann, R. Khorasani, C. Schweer & ü. Förstner 1301

Theory and practice of inorganic/organicstabilization/solidification processR. Soundararajan 1305

Treatise on municipal solid waste incinerator residuesA.J. Chandler, T. Eighmy, J. Hartlen, O. Hjelmar,D. Kosson, S. Sawell, H.A. van der Sloot & J. Vehlow 1309

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6.4 Selection of dump sites. Prevention of futurecontamination

Handling substances hazardous to waterB.-P. Lühr 1311

Prevention of future contaminations (safe usage ofsubstances relevant to the environment)A. von Saldern 1319

Realisation of the geological principle on multiplebarriers in loose rocks of the coastal regionD. Ortlam - 1321

Safe storage facilities and dumps for waste material -Problems, safety concepts, Solutionsff. Bomhard 1325

Disposal of toxic wastes in Underground repositoriesTh. Brasser & W. Brewitz 1329

Avoidance of soil and groundwater contamination inUnderground engineeringJ. Karstedt & K. Kromrey 1331

7. POLLOTED SEDIMENTS

7.1 Proarammes. Standards

Treatment of contaminated Sediments in the NetherlandsA.B. van Luin & P.B.M. Stortelder 1335

Assessing remediated polluted SedimentsM. Diependaal & H.J. van Veen 1347

The environnental evaluation of harbour dredged SedimentsCT. Bowmer & M.C.Th. Schölten 1355

Heavy metal mobility in the surface sediment of eutrophicenvironments: the lagoon of Venice as study caseA. Marcomini, A. Sfriso & A.A. Orio 1363

A balanced remedial dredging ProgrammeN.D. Rokosch 1365

Statements for the Workshop 'Polluted Sediments1

G. Miehlich 1367

Remediation of contaminated Sediments in the LaurentianGreat lakesM.A. Zarull 1369

XXXV1U Volume 2

Waste management problems with dredged materials and newaspects in the bay of IzmirJ. Alyanak 13 71

7.2 Remedial action techniques

Contaminated harbour and river Sediments in theNetherlands: development program 1989-1990; hydrocycloneSeparationM.R.B, van Dillen & F.M. Schotel 1379

Extraction of metals from polluted Sediments with mineralacidsJ. Joziasse, H.J. van Veen & G.J. Annokkee 1389

Treatment of harbour sludgeH. Lorson & J. Grote 1399

Cleaning up the Geulhaven at RotterdamJ.H. Volbeda & S.J.B.C. Bonte 1407

7.3 Reuse

Effects of dredged material treatment on the soilmechanical behaviourw. Blümel & G. von Bloh 1417

Sediment management: concepts in Sediment qualityassessment, disposal design and benificial useB. Malherbe 1425

Insulation of harbour sludge deposits for agriculturaluseM. Siegerist & E. de Jong 1427

8. WARFARE-RELATED CONTAMINATED SITES

Warfare-related contaminated sites - facts andperspectivesU. Schneider . 1431

Waste of ammunition in the Federal Republic of GermanyW. Spyra 1433

APE 1236 deactivation furnace Upgrade to meet RCRArequirementsR.G. Anderson 1435

Volume 2

Environmental protection problems connected to thedisposal of ammunition and explosives by open pit burningN.H.A. van Harn & A. Verweij 1439

Incineration plant for toxic waste of the Federal ArmedForces Defence Science Agency for NBC protection inMunsterff. Martens 1441

Combined technologies for site remediation - remedialconcept for the warfare-related contaminated siteStadtallendorfB. Körbitzer, ff. Witte & E. Schramm - 1445

Addresses of firat-named authors XLI

Keywords LXV

xl

Furtbar oontributions

For technical reasons, the following contributions could bepublished in the German edition of these Proceedings(Altlastensanierung '90, ISBN 0-7923-1059-4) only.

1.2 Eastern European countries

Altlasten des ErzbergbauesW. Förster

4.2 Site assessment. Samplina strateaies. Methodoloav

Sanierungsplanung - von der orientierenden Untersuchung zurWiedernutzung der FlächeChr. Weingran