container handling systems

December 30, 2005Jari PirhonenTerminal Development®

CONTAINER HANDLING SYSTEMS

CONTENT OF THIS PRESENTATION

•Choice of operating system

•Commonly used and new container handling systems

•Kalmar Terminal Development®

CRITICAL ISSUES

•Required storage capacity vs space available

–depends on traffic volume, dwell time and peaks

–cost of space varies: increasing cost of waterfront, cost ofinfrastructure

•Labor costs and availability

–huge labor cost differences between market areas

–percentage of labor costs can vary between below 10% toover 50% of the overall costs

– in the future availability may become an issue

CRITICAL ISSUES

•Size of operation, traffic volume

–small operators need to focus on the risks

–big operators can justify heavier investments, includingautomation

•Dedicated or multipurpose terminal

–higher flexibility required for multipurpose

–dedicated container terminal can focus on handlingefficiency

CRITICAL ISSUES

•Selectivity:

–vessel side: larger vessels or feeders, percentage oftranshipment, average vessel size etc.

– road truck side: random arrival or appointment system

•Shape of terminal, ground limitations

–distance between the quay and container yard

–suitability for block stacking

–max. possible stacking height or wheel loads

COMMONLY USED OPERATING SYSTEMS

•Reach stackers with (or without) terminal tractors onvessel side

•Straddle carriers with (or without) EC lift trucks

•RTG cranes with terminal tractors on vessel side

REACH STACKER SYSTEM

•Reach stackersused for:

•stacking

• loading andunloading ofterminal tractorsand road trucks

• in small terminalsalso fortransportation


•Terminal tractorsused fortransporting:

•on vessel side

•between stackingarea and depos, railoperation etc.


•Equipment neededper ship-to-shorecrane, includinglandside:

•3-4 reach stackers

•4-5 terminal tractors

•note: depends onrequired productivity,travelling distancesetc.


•Low storage capacity:500 TEU per hectare3-high

•High labor, low capitaland mediumoperating costs

•Road trucks allowedto stacking area: maycause trafficcongestion


•Optimum solution if:

•new operationstarted, riskminimized

•small to medium sizeterminals

• frequent changes infleet size andlocation

STRADDLE CARRIER SYSTEM

•Straddle carriersused for:

• transporting andstacking

• loading/unloadingof road trucks

•between stackingarea and depos,rail operation etc.



•4-5 straddlecarriers

•note: depends onrequiredproductivity,travelling distancesetc.


•Medium stackingdensity:

•500 TEU perhectare 2-high,using 3-highstraddle carriers

•625 TEU perhectare 2,5-high,using 4-highstraddle carriers


•Low labor, highcapital andoperating costs

•High control, roadtrucks not allowedto stacking area



•medium to largeterminals

•high selectivity andflexibility required

• labor usage needs tobe reduced

RTG CRANE SYSTEM

•RTG cranes usedfor:

•stacking

• loading andunloading ofterminal tractorsand road trucks

RTG CRANE SYSTEM

•Terminal tractorsused fortransporting:

•on vessel side

•between stackingarea and depos,rail operation etc.

RTG CRANE SYSTEM

•Equipment neededper ship-to-shorecrane:

•2-3 RTG cranes

•3-5 terminaltractors


RTG CRANE SYSTEM

•High stackingdensity: 1 000 TEUper hectare 4-high

•High/medium labor,medium capital andlow operating costs

•Road trucksallowed to stackingarea: may causetraffic congestion

RTG CRANE SYSTEM


• large and very largeterminals, also withlong travellingdistances

•high storagecapacity andefficient blockstacking required

NEW OPERATING SYSTEMS

•RTG cranes with Shuttle Carriers®

•Automatic stacking cranes with Shuttle Carriers®

•AutoStrad automatic straddle carriers

RTG CRANES WITH SHUTTLE CARRIERS®

•RTG cranes usedfor:

•stacking

•picking up andlanding containerson drive lane


•Shuttle Carriers®transporting:

•on vessel side

•between stackingarea and railoperation




•2-3 RTG cranes

•3-4 ShuttleCarriers®



•High stackingdensity: 900 TEUper hectare 4-high

•Medium labor, highcapital andoperating costs

•Good control, roadtrucks kept out ofstacking area



• large or very largetransshipmentterminals

•high storagecapacity andefficient blockstacking required

AUTOMATIC STACKING CRANES WITHSHUTTLE CARRIERS®

•AutomaticStacking Cranesused for:

•stacking andinside stacktransportation



•Shuttle Carriers®used fortransporting:

•on vessel side

•alternatively also:

• loading/unloading ofroad trucks

•between stackingarea and rail



•4 ASCs

•2 Shuttle Carriers®on the vessel side



•High stackingdensity: 1 000 TEUper hectare 3,5-high

•High ship-to-shorecrane productivity,buffer zone underall cranes


•Low labor, highcapital andmedium/highoperating costs




• large or very largeterminals

•high storagecapacity required

• labor usage needsto be minimized

AUTOSTRAD

•Automatic straddlecarriers used for:

• transporting andstacking


AUTOSTRAD


•4-5 straddlecarriers


AUTOSTRAD

•Medium stackingdensity:

•500 TEU perhectare 2-high,using 3-highstraddle carriers

•625 TEU perhectare 2,5-high,using 4-highstraddle carriers

AUTOSTRAD

•Very low labor,high capital andoperating costs


AUTOSTRAD


•medium to largeterminals

•high selectivity andflexibility required

• labor usage needs tobe minimized

CONCEPT

•Assist customers and portconsultants in

–developing new containerterminals

– improving existing containerterminals

container handling systems

Documents