consumer dialo gue. amit kumar singh mr. virendra nath mishra contact us centre for consumer studies...
TRANSCRIPT
IIPA
CCS Sponsored by
Department of Consumer Affairs Government of India
CONSUMER DIALOCONSUMER DIALOCONSUMER DIALOCONSUMER DIALOGUEGUEGUEGUE
A Quarterly eA Quarterly eA Quarterly eA Quarterly e----Newsletter of Centre For Consumer Studies (CCS)Newsletter of Centre For Consumer Studies (CCS)Newsletter of Centre For Consumer Studies (CCS)Newsletter of Centre For Consumer Studies (CCS) Vol. 4 No. 4 Oct — Dec 2011
An Inter School Competition on Consumer Awareness was organised by the Centre for Consumer Studies, the Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi in collaboration with the Gen X Consumer Club of the Air Force School, Subroto Park, New Delhi on 19th Oct 2011. The Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India, sponsored the competition. 13 leading Schools from Delhi participated in the
competition. Dr. P. D. Shenoy, Former Labour Secretary, GOI and Former Member of NCDRC was the chief guest of the event. In his , he emphasized that consumers should not only focus on their rights but also try and think about c o n s u m e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
which are equally important. He highlighted that con-sumer safety is another aspect which needs to be given due attention and especially children should take due care of safety instructions on products while purchasing and using products.
The objective of the competition was to create awareness among the students in the areas of consumer rights and responsibilities of consumers and role of individuals as consumers in the society. It was an effort to make students understand the role and importance of Consumer Protection. The Poster Making Competition was organized for two levels of students i.e. Group A – Junior level (classes VII, VIII, IX) and Group B- Senior level (classes X, XI, XII). The themes assigned to the groups were Safe Drugs and Energy Conservation. The overall Trophy for the event was won by Birla Vidya Niketan School, Saket.
A National Seminar on “Globalisation, Market and Consumer Protection” was organised by the Centre for Consumer Studies, IIPA in collaboration with Department of Political Science, Kumaun University, Nainital on November 1-2, 2011. Around 100 participants partici-pated in the seminar which included academicians from various universities in India, researchers, members from civil society organizations and students. Prof. Girijesh Pant, Vice-Chancellor, Doon Univer-sity in his Inaugural Address said that in the era of glob-
alisation and liberalisation the Indian market is undergo-ing a radical change. The globalisation on one side
empowers consumers and on the other side disempowers with the information it gives. There is need to link consumer movement with technology as the consumer is passive participant and not so powerful to bargain in the market. Empower-ing the consumer means empowering
ourselves. There is also a need for the academic community especially teachers and students to join the consumer movement which can definitely play an important role in fighting against the evils of market.
Prof. R. R. Jha, Director, Canadian Studies Programme, BHU, Varanasi in his address said that it is sad that universities have not taken much interest in the issues of social concern and have forgotten that university can play a very important role in nation building. The students are required to rope in important issues like consumer protection and this has to start from the school level. In her Presidential Remarks Prof. Lata Joshi, Officiating Vice Chancellor, Kumaun University said that consumer protection has become an important and relevant topic in this globalised world where the markets have become much more powerful. Therefore, government should take proper initiatives to regulate issues like misleading advertisements which is becoming a menace for consumers in this globalised world. Prof. Suresh Misra, Chair Professor and Coordinator, CCS said that globalisation has changed the world, the way we think and consume. Market is very tempting today. We have to decide where we have to stop, to make a rational decision.
The seminar was divided into four technical sessions in which around 35 papers were presented by various academicians, researchers, and students from various universities across the country. The sessions were interactive and followed by questions from participants and discussions.
The Centre for Consumer Studies, IIPA organized a two day Workshop on Consumer Protection and Consumer Welfare on November 11-12, 2011 in collabo-ration with Department of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Calicut, Kerala. Around 175 participants attended the seminar which included academicians, members of the District Forums, mem-bers from civil society organizations, representatives of government service providers and consumer cooperative
In this Issue
♦ The Inter School Competition on
Consumer Awareness
♦ National Seminar on Globalisation,
Market and Consumer Protection
♦ Workshop on Consumer Protection
and Welfare at University of Calicut
♦ National Seminar on Globalization
and Consumer Rights at Balasore, Odisha
♦ Half Day Seminar on Globalization
and Consumer Rights
♦ Non-advocates can Appear Before
Consumer Fora: Supreme Court
♦ Banks can't Changed the Rate of
Interest Arbitrary After the Agree-ment: NDRC
♦ xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ij xzkgd dks gS {kfriwfrZ ikus dk vf/kdkj
♦ vc rhu eghus rd gh oS| gksaxs psd] Mªk¶V
♦ ,lh Vªsu esa lQj ds fy, vkbZMh izwQ t:jh
♦ gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht ls cpkrh gS pk;
♦ foVkfeu lh ls [kRe gksrk gS dSalj dk V~;wej
Editorial Team
Prof. Suresh Misra Dr. Sapna Chadah Dr. Mamta Pathania
Research and Design
Dr. Amit Kumar Singh Mr. Virendra Nath Mishra
Contact Us Centre for Consumer Studies
Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate New Delhi - 110002 Tel. 011-23468347
23468434
Email. [email protected]
Website www.consumereducation.in
Facebook [email protected]
The Inter School Competition on Consumer Awareness
Prof. Suresh Misra giving the Winning Trophy to the winners- Birla Vidya Niketan School, Saket
National Seminar on Globalisation, Market and Consumer Protection
Prof. Girijesh Pant, Vice-Chancellor, Doon University
delivering the Inaugural Address
1
Workshop on Consumer Protection and Welfare at University of Calicut
societies and students. On the occasion, Prof. Abdul Salam, Vice
Chancellor, University of Calicut in his Inaugural Address said that
the CPA has given new thrust to consumer protection and has
given six substantive rights
to consumers. It is a
milestone in consumer
movement and has provided
new roadmap to consumer-
ism. He emphasised that an
empowered and aware con-
sumer is an asset to the
country. The students, who
are future of the nation,
should be aware about their
rights and obligations as a
consumer and also spread
awareness among the pub-
lic. Prof. Suresh Misra, Chair
Professor & Coordinator, CCS, in his address provided an overview
of the activities of Indian Institute of Public Administration and
Centre for Consumer Studies.
In two days workshop nine sessions were conducted on a
number of issues on consumer protection by various experts. The
session on Consumer Protection: An Overview was taken by Prof.
Suresh Misra, CCS, IIPA; Consumer Protection Act/ Rules by Dr.
Sapna Chadah; Food Safety and Consumer by Mr. Vinod Panickar,
BVQI; Consumer Grievance Redressal: Working of Consumer
Forums by Justice K.R. Udhayabhanu, President, Kerala State
Commission; Insurance and Consumer by Mr. R. Rajaraman,
National Relationship Manager, LIC, India, Mangalore; Medical
Service and Consumer Protection Act by Dr. Sapna Chadah and
Consumer and Banking by Mr. E.K. Johnson, AGM, SBT,
Trivandrum.
Dr. K. P. Muraleedharan, Dean, Faculty, DCMS delivered
the Valedictory Address on the occasion. He said the programmes
of this type are meant for two things: firstly to generate awareness
about our rights and how they are to be exercised and secondly
empowering consumers with their rights. At the end Dr. E.K.
Satheesh, Workshop Coordinator and Faculty, DCMS thanked the
Department of Consumer Affairs, GoI and CCS, IIPA who were
instrumental in providing all sort of resources for organising the
workshop.
A National Seminar on Globalization and Consumer Rights
was organised by the Centre for Consumer Studies in
collaboration with P. G. Department of Social Science, Fakir
Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha from 25-26 November, 2011 .
The Department of Consumer Affairs, GoI sponsored the Semi-
nar. More than 60 delegates
from different states at-
tended the seminar. The
National Seminar was
an attempt to evaluate the
measures taken to
strengthen the consumer
movement in the country. It
provided a larger platform to
exchange ideas on various
issues concerning consumers
especially to create awareness regarding consumer protection
and rights of the consumers among policymakers, NGOs and
other stakeholders to deliberate on various issues relating to glob-
alization and the consumer. Seminar was inaugurated by Prof.
Sukadev Nanda, Former Vice Chancellor, FM University, Balasore.
Prof. Suresh Misra, Chair Professor and Coordinator, Centre for
Consumer Studies, IIPA, New Delhi delivered the Key Note Ad-
dress. Prof. Sudhakar Panda was the Chief Speaker at this
occasion. The Presidential Address was delivered by Prof. Kumar
B. Das, Vice Chancellor, F. M. University, Balasore.
Themes covered in the seminar were Globalization and
Consumer Rights which focused on the impact of globalization on
the consumer behavior and the consumption patterns; Issues in
Consumer Protection Laws which worked out the interplay of
various issues in context of consumer protection and globalization;
Services and Consumer Rights highlighting the plight of consumer
rights in different service sectors thereby stressing on increased
consumer education and awareness. Consumer Education and
Awareness was also one of the themes which focused on the extent
of consumer awareness among consumers and highlighted the role
of different stakeholders in this regard while Rural Consumers:
Choices and Vulnerabilities discussed the consumption patterns,
behavior patterns of rural consumers and also focused on the
change in their buying behavior due to globalization. Speakers at
the Seminar were Dr. Geetanjali Dash, Dr. Bijay Bohidar, Mrs.
Mrinalini Padhi, Prof. Navaneeta Rath, Dr. Sudhira Chandra Jena,
Dr. Padmalaya Mahapatra, Mrs. Sasmita Mishra, Ms. Sanjukta
Panda, Dr. Mamta Pathania, Dr. Geetanjali Panda, Prof. Abhaya
Kumar Panda, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Dey, Mrs. Suranjita Sinha , Mrs.
Nabaruna Majumdar, Dr Smita Nayak, Sh. Sukanta Patra, Sh.
Dhirendra Kumar Jena, Mrs. Rashmimala Sahu, Prof. N. C Dash,
Dr. Swarnamayee Tripathy, Dr. Prate Mishra.
The Centre for Consumer Studies, Indian Institute of Public
Administration, New Delhi in collaboration with IIPA Orissa Regional
Branch, Bhubaneswar, conducted a half day Seminar on
“Globalization and Consumer Rights on November 27, 2011 at,
SIRD, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha. The Department
of Consumer Affairs,
Government of India,
sponsored the Seminar.
The Welcome Address
was delivered by Dr.
Pratip Kumar Mishra,
Hony. Secretary, IIPA
Orissa Regional Branch.
Prof. Suresh Misra, Chair
Professor and Coordina-
tor, CCS, IIPA made a
presentation on Consumer Protection and Consumer Welfare: An
Overview. Dr. Mamta Pathania, Assistant Professor, CCS, IIPA
delivered her lecture on Globalization and Consumer Rights. Shri S.
C. Hota, IAS (Retd), Chairman, IIPA, Orissa Regional Branch,
Bhubaneswar delivered the Presidential Address.
The main objective of the Seminar was to discuss and
deliberate on various issues related to globalization and the
consumer, create awareness regarding consumer protection and
rights of the consumers. About 50 IIPA members and others
attended the seminar. Prof. Suresh Misra and Dr. Mamta Pathania
coordinated the Seminar.
Vol. 4 No. 4 Oct - Dec 2011
2
Half Day Seminar on Globalization and Consumer Rights
Prof. (Dr.) Abdul Salam, Vice Chancellor, University of Calicut lighting
the lamp
National Seminar on Globalization and Consumer Rights at Balasore, Odisha
Dignitaries on the Dias
Sh.S.C Hota, IAS (Retd.), Chairman IIPA Orissa Regional Branch in the Seminar
In one of its important judgments Supreme Court said that
Consumer Forums can't compel consumers to engage advocate.
According to the court a non-advocate or an authorised agent can
represent a consumer before the District, State and National
Consumer Fora for adjudicating a complaint. While hearing an appeal
petition, the three-judge Bench, gave this ruling recently and directed
the National Consumer Commission to frame within three months
comprehensive rules on appearance of agents, representatives,
registered organisations and/or non-advocates in respect of their
qualifications, conduct and ethical behaviour.
Through the judgment, Justice Dalveer Bhandari said that
“when the CP Act has permitted authorised agents to appear on
behalf of the complainant, the courts can't compel the consumer to
engage the services of an advocate.” Importantly, in this case
advocates have argued that that they are entitled to practice before
consumer forums but the Bench said that “this privilege cannot be
claimed as a matter of right.” A consumer forum has to guard itself
against touts and busybodies [showing themselves up] in the garb of
power of attorney holders or authorised agents in the proceedings
before it. While a consumer forum may permit an authorised agent to
appear before it, he shall not be one who has used this as a
profession. The forum has the right to prevent an authorised agent
from appearing in case if it is found and believed that he is using the
said right as a profession.
The basic issue involved in appeals filed by G. Venkatacha-
lam and the Bar Council of India against a Bombay High Court judg-
ment was whether a person under cover of being an “agent” could
represent a large number of persons before the forums created under
the Consumer Protection Act. The Bench took up the question
“whether somebody who is not a legal practitioner can represent a
large number of parties before the forums thereby frustrating objects
embodied in the Advocates Act. The Bench noted that the
legislature in its wisdom has granted the authorised agents
permission because “most of the cases before the consumer
forums are small cases of relatively poor people where legal
intricacies are not involved and great legal skills are not required.”
Another reason was that a large number of litigants might not be
able to afford heavy professional fees payable to trained
advocates. The Bench said it was the obligation of the court to
carefully discern and articulate the legislative intention. It dismissed
the appeals and upheld the impugned judgment.
NCDRC, in one of its recent judgments clearly send a signal to
the banks that now its time to stop their devious and manipulative
practices. It is being observed that some banks are changing the
interest rate arbitrarly even after the agreement. They agree to a
particular interest rate during negotiation, but increase it at the time
of sanction. The Reserve Bank of India does not bother to regulate
such practices, but the National Commission has given a landmark
ruling that will help those in similar situations.
In this case eight members of the Bajaj family had individually
applied to ICICI Bank for a loan. In the correspondence, the bank
agreed to advance money on depositing kisan vikas patras (KVPs)
towards 10 per cent margin money. Each applicant withdrew ` 20
lakh from his provident fund account to buy KVPs for a loan of ` 2
crore. While the KVPs would earn interest at eight per cent per
annum, the interest on the loan would be 6.4 per cent. The
applicants were told this difference in the rate would benefit them `
60 lakh over the loan’s tenure. After sanction, they were made to
execute standard format documents. There was an assumption that
documents would be as per the terms stated in the correspon-
dence. But when the bank demanded higher interest - initially
seven, then 7.75 and later 9.5 per cent - the applicants realised how
they had been tricked into signing the documents. Additionally, the
bank also deducted ` 6,69,465 as processing fee. The applicants'
representations to the bank were ignored. So, they filed a joint
complaint before the National Commission.
Against that, the bank contended the agreements contained a
specific condition that the interest rate decided by it from time to time
would be applicable. Also, at the time of enhancement of the loan,
fresh agreements had to be executed, agreeing to a variable interest
rate. But the Commission was not convinced by the argument of the
bank and observed that the contract had already been completed on
the basis of the correspondence exchanged between the parties. The
written agreement permitting the bank to charge a higher interest rate
was subsequent to the finalisation of the contract and the purchase of
the KVPs. So, it could not be enforced. No prudent investor would
give a free hand to the banker to raise the interest rate. The
Commission concluded the increase in the interest rate as well as the
levy of the processing fee, despite agreeing not to charge it, would
amount to unfair trade practice.
The National Commission also noted the Law Commission
observations in its report that standardised contracts are pretended
contracts, prepared by only one party and offered to the other, on a
"take-it-or-leave-it" basis. The main terms are put in large print, but
the qualifications are buried in small print. The individual's participa-
tion consists of a mere adherence, often unknowing, to the document
drafted unilaterally and insisted upon by the powerful enterprise; the
conditions imposed by the document upon the customer are not open
to discussion, nor are they subject to negotiation between the parties,
but the contract has to be accepted or rejected as a whole. These
contracts are produced by the printing press. The signature on the
dotted line does not really represent the signatory's agreement to all
the terms, but creates a fiction of having agreed to such terms. The
characteristics usually and traditionally associated with a contract,
such as freedom to contract and consensus, are absent from these
so-called contracts. However, there is no general provision in the
Contract Act under which courts can give relief to the weaker party.
The National Commission held that Consumer Protection Act
empowers the consumer fora to cure the mischief adopted by one of
the contracting parties. In case a condition in such a standardised
contract is unjustified or unilateral, it may amount to an unfair trade
practice. Hence, relief under the Consumer Protection Act can be
granted. The Commission directed the bank to discontinue the unfair
trade practice and to recalculate the interest at a rate not exceeding
6.4 per cent. The bank was also directed to pay costs amounting to `
50,000.
TRAI, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India is trying to block
the mobile phones which are stolen or lost by the consumers. It is
necessary to prevent the misuse of the mobile phones and the
information stored in the mobile phones. Their effort is to hamper the
illegal handset markets. Also, a senior official from TRAI said that
they are trying with great effort to discourage stealing of mobile
phones and handsets. As there is an increase in mobile theft in India,
TRAI is trying to provide regulations to block the mobile phones to
prevent this problem. Currently, there is a mechanism to block SIM
cards. There is a unique serial number known as IMEI number which
distinguishes every handset. IMEI stands for International Mobile
Equipment Identity and it is a 15 digit unique number of a mobile
phone. GPS is Global Positioning System which can be used to track
down the mobile phones. These are vital and are used by the
government to observe anti-national activities that going on in the
country. Now, the telecommunication service providers have been
advised to disconnect all the mobile phones which do not have IMEI
numbers and they are using Equipment Identity Register in their
system to refuse all the mobile phones which do not have the IMEI
numbers.
Banks can't Change the Rate of Interest Arbitrarily After the Agreement: NCDRC TRAI Bid to Stop Misuse of Stolen Mobile Phones
Vol. 4 No. 4 Oct - Dec 2011
3
Non-advocates can Appear Before Consumer Fora: Supreme Court
DDDD;k vkidks irk gS] xSl flysaMj ls gksus okyh fdlh Hkh rjg ds gknls dh fLFkfr esa mlds dusD”ku /kkjd dks lacf/kr daiuh ls {kfriwfrZ ikus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj ;g jde 25 yk[k #i;s rd dh gks ldrh gSA vly esa flysaMj miyC/k djkus okyh
daifu;k¡ bl rjg ds gknlksa ds fy, chek djokrh gSaA xSl ,tsalh ls dusD”ku ysrs le; feyus okys isij ds lkFk gh chek “kq: gks tkrk gSA dqN o’kZ igys rd miHkksDrkvksa ds fy, chek dh jkf”k rhu yk[k #i;s Fkh tks pj.ko) rjhds ls c<+rs gq, 5] 10 vkSj vc 25 yk[k #i;s gks x;h gSA fu;e ds eqrkfcd] vxj
fdlh miHkksDrk ds ?kj esa xSl flysaMj ls fdlh izdkj dh nq?kZVuk gks tkrh gS rks chek dh jde ls {kfriwfrZ dk izko/kku gS] vkSj gknls esa fdlh dh EkkSr gks tkrh gS rks chek daiuh dh “krZ ds eqrkfcd mlds ifjtuksa dks eqvkotk feyuk pkfg,A tkudkjksa ds eqrkfcd] xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ds 24 ?kaVs ds vanj miHkksDrk dks viuh xSl ,tsalh vkSj iqfyl dks fyf[kr lwpuk nsuh gksrh gS vkSj gknls esa fdlh dh e`R;q gksus dh fLFkfr esa lacaf/kr lcwr is”k djuk gksrk gSA bu izfdz;kvksa ds ckn xSl ,tsalh] vkW;y ekdsZfVax daiuh dks lwpuk nsxh] ogk¡ ls ekeys dks chek daiuh ds ikl gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA chek daiuh ls vko”;d vkSipkfjdrk iwjh gksus ds ckn chek dh jkf”k lacaf/kr xzkgd dks izkIr gks tkrh gSA xkSjryc gS fd bu fu;eksa dh tkudkjh u rks cgqrk;r miHkksDrkvksa dks gS vkSj u gh xSl dusD”ku nsus okyh daifu;k¡ xzkgdksa dks bl ckjs esa crkrh gSa] tcfd fu;e ds vuqlkj izR;sd xSl ,tsalh ds dk;kZy; esa ;g lwpuk fMLiys gksuh pkfg,A
vvvvc cSadksa ds Mªk¶V vkSj psd dsoy 3 eghus gh oS| gksaxsA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds funsZ”kksa ds eqrkfcd] 1 vizSy 2012 ls cSadksa esa ;g ubZ O;oLFkk ykxw gks tk,xhA vHkh cSad Mªk¶V vkSj psd dh oS|rk 6 eghus fu/kkZfjr gSA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us ;g QSlyk ljdkj dh ml lwpuk ds ckn fy;k gS ftlesa dgk x;k Fkk fd dqN yksx 6 eghus dh oS|rk okys psd] Mªk¶V] is vkWMlZ] cSadlZ psd dk xyr Qk;nk mBk jgs gSaA vkjchvkbZ us cSadksa dks funsZ”k fn;k gS fd og yksxksa dks bl ckjs esa tkx:d djs rFkk blds fy, 1 vizSy 2012 ls tkjh psdksa ds Åij bl lwpuk dks vafdr djsA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dks mEehn gS fd bl ubZ O;oLFkk ds ykxw gks tkus ds ckn psdksa dk nq#i;ksx #dsxkA ogha dkys /ku ds ysu&nsu ij jksd yxkus ds fy, Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us ,d vkSj dne mBk;k gSA blds rgr 20 gtkj ls Åij ds lHkh cSad Mªk¶V vdkmaV isbZ gksaxsA
HkkHkkHkkHkkjrh; jsy ds u, fu;e ds vuqlkj] ;kf=;ksa dks vc Vsªu ds ,lh Dykl esa lQj djrs le; fVdV ds lkFk vkbZMh izwQ fn[kkuk vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g O;oLFkk 15 Qjojh] 2012 ls ykxw dj nh xbZ gSA ;k=k ds nkSjku vkbZMh izwQ ugha fn[kkus okys ;kf=;ksa dks fcuk fVdV dk eku fy;k tk,xk vkSj muls tqekZuk olwyk tk,xkA xkSjryc gS fd gky gh esa] jsyos cksMZ us funsZf”kr fd;k gS fd daI;wVjhd`r vkj{k.k iz.kkyh ¼ihvkj,l½ ,oa baVjusV ls QLV] lsdsaM] FkMZ ,lh Dykl vkSj ,lh ps;jdkj ds lkFk ,XthD;wfVo Dykl ds fVdV ysus okys ;kf=;ksa dks lQj ds nkSjku jsyos dh vksj ls r; 9 vkbZMh izwQ esa ls dksbZ ,d lkFk j[kuk gksxkA ;fn ,d fVdV ij ,d ls vf/kd ;k=h cqd gksaxs rks muesa ls fdlh ,d O;fDr dks vkbZMh izwQ VhVhbZ dks fn[kkuk gksxkA jsyos }kjk ekU; vkbZMh izwQ esa] ernkrk igpku i=] ikliksVZ] iSu dkMZ] Mªkbfoax ykblsal] jkT; o dsUnz ljdkj dh vksj ls tkjh lhfj;y uacj okyk igpku i=] jk’Vªh;d`r cSad dh QksVks;qDr iklcqd] Ldwy ;k dkyst dk igpku i=] vk/kkj dkMZ] QksVks;qDr dzsfMV dkMZ izeq[k gSaA
gkgkgkgky esa gq, ,d fjlpZ ds vuqlkj] vxj vki ,d fnu esa rhu di pk; ihrs gSa rks gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht tSlh
chekfj;ksa ls cps jg ldrs gSaA vuqla/kkudrkZvksa dh ekusa rks pk; esa ¶ysoksuksbM uked ,d rRo gksrk gS vkSj ;gh yksxksa dks bu chekfj;ksa ls cpkrk gSA ,d di pk; esa 150 ls 200 ,eth ¶ysoksuksbM uked rRo izkIr gksrk gS vkSj ;g gekjs vkgkj esa ,aVh&vkWfDlMsaV~l dk loZJs’B
lzksr gSA lekpkj i= Msyh esy ds vuqlkj] v/;;u ls irk pyk gS fd pk; jDr “kdZjk vkSj [kjkc dksysLVªky ds Lrj dks de dj fny dh chekfj;ksa ds tksf[ke dks ?kVkrh gSA ;g ckr nw/k vkSj fcuk nw/k dh pk; nksuksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA
vvvvUrjkZ’Vªh; vuqla/kkudrkZvksa ds ,d ny us ,sls izek.k feyus dk nkok fd;k gS ftuls irk pyrk gS fd foVkfeu lh efLr’d dSalj ds ejhtksa ds V~;wej dks rsth ls [kRe dj ldrk gSA “kks/kdrkZvksa dks mEehn gS fd efLr’d dSalj ds ejhtksa ds fy, ;g [kkst dkQh ennxkj gks ldrh gSA v/;;u esa vuqla/kkudrkZvksa us fo”ys’k.k fd;k fd foVkfeu lh dh vf/kd ek=k vkSj jsfM,”ku ls] efLr’d ds V~;wej fXyvksCykLVksek EkYVhQkeZ ¼thch,e½ ls vyx dh xbZ dksf”kdkvksa ds cpus dh nj] lkekU; dksf”kdkvksa dh rqyuk esa fdruh gSA mUgksaus ik;k fd jsfM,”ku ls igys foVkfeu lh dh vf/kd ek=k nsus ls Mh,u, {kfrxzLr gks tkrk gS vkSj dksf”kdk e`rizk; gks tkrh gSA v/;;u ds urhts Qzh jsfMdy ck;ksykWth ,aM esfMflu tuZy esa izdkf”kr gq, gSaA
xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ij xzkgd dks gS {kfriwfrZ xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ij xzkgd dks gS {kfriwfrZ xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ij xzkgd dks gS {kfriwfrZ xSl flysaMj ls nq?kZVuk gksus ij xzkgd dks gS {kfriwfrZ ikus dk vf/kdkjikus dk vf/kdkjikus dk vf/kdkjikus dk vf/kdkj
Vol. 4 No. 4 Oct - Dec 2011
4
vc rhu eghus rd gh oS| gksaxs psd] Mªk¶Vvc rhu eghus rd gh oS| gksaxs psd] Mªk¶Vvc rhu eghus rd gh oS| gksaxs psd] Mªk¶Vvc rhu eghus rd gh oS| gksaxs psd] Mªk¶V
gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht ls cpkrh gS pk;gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht ls cpkrh gS pk;gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht ls cpkrh gS pk;gkVZ vVSd vkSj Vkbi&2 Mk;cVht ls cpkrh gS pk;
foVkfeu lh ls [kRe gksrk gS dSalj dk V~;wejfoVkfeu lh ls [kRe gksrk gS dSalj dk V~;wejfoVkfeu lh ls [kRe gksrk gS dSalj dk V~;wejfoVkfeu lh ls [kRe gksrk gS dSalj dk V~;wej
,lh Vªsu esa lQj ds fy, vkbZMh izwQ t:jh,lh Vªsu esa lQj ds fy, vkbZMh izwQ t:jh,lh Vªsu esa lQj ds fy, vkbZMh izwQ t:jh,lh Vªsu esa lQj ds fy, vkbZMh izwQ t:jh