Consultation WorkshopModule 2

Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) & European Centre for Development Policy Management ECDPM,

17 September 2014Dar Es Salaam

PCD Impact Assessment on Food Security in

Tanzania

I. Introducing the PCD IA pilot in Tanzania: rationale and history, scope and objectives

-Coffee break-II. Module 2: the Tanzania Food Security Profile

• Rationale• State of food and nutrition security• Food security System

• The agro-food sector: characteristics and challenges• The agricultural trade profile• The policy framework

III. Outstanding issues and identifying relevant OECD policies

On the menu today

Page 2ECDPM

I. Introducing the PCD Impact Assessment on food security in

Tanzania

ECDPM Page 3

• The Rationale Domestic policies of OECD member countries (e.g.

agriculture, trade, investment, science, migration) can have a spill-over impact on developing countries,…

… that impact is not necessarily coherent with the objectives formulated under the policy for development

cooperation of that OECD country

Policy coherence for development (PCD)

ECDPM Page 4

PCD is a conceptual tool aimed at addressing such incoherencies to the benefit of development objectives, e.g.

food security

For example

ECDPM Page 5Source: OECD, 2014.

ECDPM Page 6

Prevalent definitions: PCD = …

EU

“The EU seeks to minimise contradictions and to build synergies between policies other than development cooperation that have an impact on developing countries, for the benefit of overseas development”

OECD

“The pursuit of development objectives through the systematic promotion of mutually reinforcing policy actions on the part of both OECD and development countries”.

Two-fold implication: “do no harm” and beyond:

1.Make sure all policies are development-friendly2.Ensure the proactive promotion of development objectives in other policies: exploit synergies

Diverging interpretations and use of the concept of PCD.

PCD IS NOT (only):

•Coordination with other policies•Harmonization with other donors•Adjustment of development policy to other policies (it is PC for Development)

Prevalent definitions: PCD ≠ …

ECDPM Page 7

ECDPM Page 8

Measuring PCD = one of the key PCD building blocks

• OECD, EU and Member States have strong commitments to enforce PCD, frontrunners include: NL, SE, FIN, DK

• 2008 OECD Ministerial declaration confirmed commitment to promote PCD, incl. measuring the effects of OECD members’ policies on international development objectives.

• EU 2012 Council Conclusions on PCD ask for ‘a more evidence-based approach, to further improve monitoring, implementation and follow-up. Relevant baselines, indicators and targets should also be developed including for measuring the impact of PCD in a way which demonstrates clear development results’.

Context

ECDPM Page 9

•Ex-ante check lists and impact assessments of OECD member countries’ policy proposals

•Ex-post assessments of OECD policy impact at country-level

Different ways to monitor PCD

ECDPM Page 10

This is where this research project comes in

• 2012: OECD asked ECDPM to develop“a methodology for country-level impact assessments

of PCD on food security”

• July 2013: presentation of a draft toward a methodology

• Now two pilot projects to apply, test and fine-tune this methodology in:

• Tanzania (FIN & OECD)• Burkina Fasso (SWISS & OECD)

The project: how did we get here?

ECDPM Page 11

General objective: to develop a methodology for identifying and assessing the impacts (+/-) of OECD policies on food security in individual developing countries

Specific objectives:1.Help OECD DAC members in pursuing their PCD policy objectives through providing evidence for policy change domestically and for programme design at country level(e.g. more information to address trade-offs between internal goals & negative externalities on developing countries)

2.Enable partner countries and civil society to advocate for improved PCD and to address the impacts of incoherencies.

Objectives

ECDPM Page 12

• 5 key principles: i) stakeholder involvement; ii) deductive reasoning; iii) disaggregation of impact; iv) mixed methods.

• For a variety of audiences and users: public good•Meant to be done relatively quickly and with limited resources.•Modular and flexible. No straightjacket that researchers have to follow to the letter.

• Designed to pick up on the effects of public policies.•While acknowledging the effects of other external factors beyond the scope of this study (e.g. Climate Change)

The Methodology: how does it look like?

ECDPM Page 13

1. Getting started: considerations and decisions before launching the exercise1. Getting started: considerations and decisions before launching the exercise

A modular, step-by-step approach

2. The country food security profile: the FS system, determinants and FS situation 2. The country food security profile: the FS system, determinants and FS situation

3. Establish a route of impact: causal linkages with OECD policies3. Establish a route of impact: causal linkages with OECD policies

4. In-country contextualisation and verification of causal linkages > response strategies4. In-country contextualisation and verification of causal linkages > response strategies

5. Communication strategy and follow up5. Communication strategy and follow up

• Very straightforward: key factors to consider before starting the assessment:• What country/ group of countries? • Country buy in/ local partners. • Team composition.

Module 1: Getting started

ECDPM Page 15

ECDPM Page 16

Module 2: Country food security profile Output

indicatorsOutput

indicators

OECD PoliciesOECD

Policies

Other factors

(e.g. other policies, Climate

change,…)

Other factors

(e.g. other policies, Climate

change,…)

• The idea is to take the potentially relevant OECD policies, identified in module 2, and to draw linkages “on paper” of how the impact would be transmitted.

• Main aim of the module is to make the IA solid from a “theoretical” point of view

• Relatively straightforward for some effects (e.g. tariffs), very complicated for others (e.g. agricultural subsidies and price transmission).

Module 3: Verifying causal linkages

ECDPM Page 17

• Verify theory through field research • Three aims:

Contextualize and further explore the theoretical causal chains developed in module 3

Formulate conclusions. Define response strategy options.

- for OECD country policies.

- for adaptation/advocacy strategies by local partners.

Module 4: In-country research

ECDPM Page 18

• Messages will differ depending on the targeted audience (NGOs, in country embassies, partner govnts, etc).

• Communication Plan should formulate-What information is relevant to which stakeholder audience-How to best approach which audience, through which communication channels

Module 5: communication

ECDPM Page 19

• Stakeholder involvement is one of the 5 overarching principles of the methodology:

• Not an (exclusively) desk-based project• Should be a “process” as much as a study.• Inclusive, consultative process per module to enhance

chances of follow-up.

Today:• We present the methodology,• … discuss initial findings of Module 2…• and pick your brains on what could be the potentially

relevant OECD policy externalities for analysis in Module 3.

So, where does this workshop come in?

ECDPM Page 20