SCHOOL OF ARCHITECHURAL, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF QUANTIYY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

Assignment 2

Site Visit Report

Construction Site

(QSB 60104) Measurement 1-Sr.Ang Fuey Lin

(BLD 60104) Construction Technology 1-Pn.Azrina Md Yakoob

(BLD 62003) Building Materials-Pn.Myzatul Aishah Kamarazaly

NAME : LOH PEY MUN

STUDENT ID : 0318572

INTAKE : MARCH 2015

Index

No Title Pages

1. Introduction 1

2. Objective 2

3. Details 3

4. Contents & Technical Observations 4 - 18

5. Description 19 - 21

6. Conclusion 22

Introduction

The title of this assignment is technical site visit to Andes Construction

Site. In this assignment, we were required to have a site visit and produce a

site report for the construction site visit. This activity was organized by our

lecturer, Ms. Ang Fung Yi. The location of the site is located at Lot 515, Off

Jalan Puchong. This is an individual assignment which is combining with 3

subjects. There are Measurement 1, Building Materials and Construction

Technology. This construction proposed to build 2 block of apartments with

(353 units) and 3 floors of villas with (22 units).

On 26 June 2015, all of the Semester one students attended the site visit.

We were divided into two groups. Group one student needs to be the site at

9am sharp and group two students are 10am. So, we all need to gather at 7-

eleven on 8am and 9am. Besides that, we all required to wear safety helmet,

long pants and sport shoe while visit the construction site.

Objective

The Objective of the site visit are :

- To enable students to understand the building structure and the

sequences of constructing a building.

- To let students experience the actual working environment and know

more about the knowledge on site

- To gain more construction technology knowledge and also more

understand about the construction process

- Witness the usage of construction equipment on site including

mechanical plants

- Recognize the items measurable for sub-structure and reinforced

concrete frame works

- Awareness of the important of safety on site and understanding of safety

problems and site conditions

- Ability to communicate with the construction team members on site and

to feel the importance of teamwork in the building team.

Details of the Andes Construction site

1. Contract Title : Proposed to build 2 block of apartments with 353 units and 3 Floors of villas with 22 units.

2. Scope of Works : a) Site clearance , construction of bored pile and pile caps works. b) Construction of basement slab ,beams, retaining wall and ground floor slab including column lift wall, ramp and staircase starter bars from basement to ground.

3. Building Teams

- Client : Pola Aman And Bhd- Architect : T&T Architect Sdn Bhd- Civil & Structural Engineer : Perunding LNL Sdn Bhd- Quantity Surveyor : CPK Associated- M&E Engineering : Perunding ISD Sdn Bhd - Piling Contractor : Transpace Builders Sdn Bhd

4. Contract Sum : RM 21,500,000.00

5. Maintenance Period : 24 months

6. Date of Completion : Section 1 (Block A) – 30/8/2015 Section 2 (Block B) – 31/10/2015

7. Liquidated & Ascertained Damages : RM 10,000.00/ Day

8. Period of payment : 45 days

9. Limit Retention : 5% of Contract Sum

Contents & Technical Observation

At the entrance of the construction site, there was a project information board

.The action of the project information board is to mention the character of the

contractor who involved in the project. The surrounding of the construction

site is fenced by the hoarding to prevent unauthorized people enter to the site.

Besides that , there are also some temporary works set at the site which are

accommodation for workers, material storage and scaffolding. The function of

the scaffolding is use to support people and hold materials that are to be used.

It is also to protect people falling down from the high place. They were using

The project information board the placed at the entrance of the site.

Vertical hoarding.

independent scaffold at the site. It is a 2 rows of standard at about 1m apart

which tied by cross-members called transoms. The benefits of this type of

scaffold is does not rely upon building for support.

Beside the site, there have many containers. All of the containers are for

workers. We called it as accommodation of the workers. The places for

workers to rest.

Independent scaffolds .

Accommodation for workers.

Andes Construction Site is divide into two, Zone A and Zone B. The

excavation of Zone A is already done and Zone B still in excavation. Below

was the plan of the site.

At the site, it is very hot. So, there

also have a small cabin room near

the site. This room is for

construction team to discuss or

meeting at site and also a place to

storage documents.

ZONE A

ZONE B

At the basement of Zone A, the workers are contracting the formwork of

columns. They used the plywood as the material of the formwork. After casing

the shape with the plywood, they will poured the concrete into the column.

The photo showed below, the steels are used to fix the position of the formwork to prevent it collapse when pouring the concrete into the column.

Zone B is still under excavation. Removal of surface or groundwater is a

necessary work for the performance of the specified work, especially where

the construction is near or in a lake, stream, or area subjected to frequent or

periodic inundation or flow of surface water. If removal of water is needed, it

is generally required prior to any significant excavation and backfill

operations and will likely be required when preparing the foundation. Based

on the photo below, we can see that the site is still full of water. They are

draining away the water to the lake near with the side by the machine in 24

hours. It is very important, because the water will affect the stability or the

strength of the building.

Furthermore, we also can see that, there was a vibratory driver installed the

steel sheet pilling into the ground. The function of the steel sheet pilling is to

support the sides of an excavation and prevent its collapse.

Steel Sheet Pilling

Pile Foundation

Introduction

The foundation of a structure is defined as a part of the structure in direct

contact with the ground and which transmits the load of the building to the

ground. Foundations can be classified as shallow and deep foundations. These

can be further divided into many types of foundations.

How to choice a suitable foundation for a construction building? The main

condition governing the choice of foundation for a structure comprise

(a) Function of the building (residential, commercial or bridge)

(b)Loads of the foundation

(c) Subsoil condition

(d) The cost of foundation

FOUNDATION

SHALLOW DEEP

FOOTINGS RAFT FOUNDATION

STRIP FOUNDATION

PILE FOUNDATION

WELL/CAISSON FOUNDATION T

END BEARINGFRICTION PILE FOUNDATION T

Bored Pile Foundation

For this construction site, they are using Bored Pile Foundation. Bored pile is

a cast-in-place concrete piled by circulation or drilling fluid where the bored

piles have to be cast on construction site. After that, concrete is poured into

the hole by displacing bentonite and lifting the casing. This method can be

used for foundation of super structure building, foundation of bridge,

foundation penetrated to hard ground. Besides that, this method also is a

more effective method in removing underground reinforced-concrete

structures for redevelopment works. Bored piling is cast by using bored piling

machine which has specially designed drilling tools, buckets and grabs, it’s

used to remove the soil and rock. Normally it can be drilling into 50metres

depth of soil but at the Andes Site, they only drill until 45metres depth.

Bored Pile

How to Drill Bored Pile ???

Step 1 : Point survey

- Use Total Station instrument to survey each pile point.

Step 2 : Step up the machine for installing the casing.

- Casing must be stand vertical- Use Vibrator , BG Machine or Hammer Grab to insert the casing.

Step 3 : Start excavation ( Drilling )

- Just drilling the casing area.

Step 4 : Insert Rebar Cage

Step 5 : Concreting and remove the casing

- Insert Tremie for concreting.- There are many types of Tremie.

Hammer BG 14 Sunwad

At the Andes Construction Site, they were using BG 14 and Sunwad Machine

for bore piling. Besides that, the size of the bore pile that used by them are 750

, 900 and 1200.

It is the biggest pile foundation at the site. The method for making this pile was BORED PILE.

This is a rebar cage for making Pile Cap and that is a triangular pile cap.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Bored Pilling

Advantages :

- Can be installed in very large diameters and very long lengths.

- Less noise and vibration.

- Less any disturbance and subsidence to the surrounding areas.

- No risks on ground heave.

- Length can be readily varied to suit varying ground conditions.

- Soils removed in boring can be inspected and if necessary sampled or

in-situ tests made.

- Material of pile is not dependent on handling or driving conditions.

- Can be installed in conditions of very low headroom.

- End enlargements up to two or three diameters are possible in clays.

Disadvantages:

- Concrete is not placed under ideal conditions and can’t be subsequently

inspected.

- Can’t be readily extended above ground level especially in river and

marine structures.

- Boring methods may loosen sandy or gravelly soils requiring base

grouting to achieve economic base resistance.

- Water under artesian pressure may pipe up pile shaft washing out

cement.

- Enlarged ends can’t be formed in course materials without special

techniques.

Concrete

Introduction

Concrete is a major building materials used in building construction. It is

used in all parts of a building like foundations, superstructure and so on.

Concrete is a rocklike material produced by mixing coarse and fines

aggregates, cement and water and sometimes allowing the mixture to be more

harden. Some of the additives used are plasticizers, retarders, accelerators

and others admixture. There are 27 types of common cement, group into 5

categories.

Concrete

At the Andes Construction Site, they were using reinforce concrete to

construct the building elements like foundation, column , slab , beam and also

others. Different building elements may use different type of reinforced

concrete grade. Besides that, the most important property of concrete is its

high compressive strength. Water-cement ratio is the ratio mixing water with

the weight of cement used in the concrete. The strength of concrete will

increases when the water-cement ratio decreasing.

There table below are the grade of reinforced concrete used for the Andes

Construction Site:

Building Elements Grade of Reinforced Concrete

Column Grade 45

Beam Grade 35

Slab Grade 35

Foundation Grade 35

Wall Grade 35

What is Grade ???

Grade is a number that indicates the minimum compressive strength gained

by the cement-sand mortar mix in 28 days.

The advantages of using Grade 45 concrete are high compressive strength and

also can be extended the life cycles and the disadvantages of Grade 45 is more

expensive. Besides that, the advantages of the concrete grade 35 were cheaper

and also more common used in construction area. It is also a better resistance

to fire and long service life with low maintenance cost. Even it is cheaper, but

the compressive strength of the concrete grade 35 is very low compared to

grade 45.

The advantages and disadvantages of concrete:

Advantages :

- Low cost

- Flexibility of application

- Good compressive strength

- Protection of embedded steel

- Variety of finishes obtainable

Disadvantages:

- Low tensile strength & brittleness

- Rather high density (through lower density types are available )

- Susceptibility to frost & chemical deterioration (depending on type)

Photo Descriptions

A small Tokong called it DATUK GONG at the site to protect the safety of the construction sde.

Concrete cover making at the site to tie at the reinforcement bar before pour the concrete.

This was a water tank located at the Zone A site.

Construction of Lift.

The standard and the guard rail to set up the independent scaffold.

This was a column reinforcement bars. Inside there contains 132 bars.

Excavation and bored pile at Zone B .

The machine use the make the bends and hooks.

Conclusion

After the site visit , I had knew more useful knowledge about the construction

and also more understanding on the process of excavation. I really like this

kind of activity because it can let me learned more than was taught at in class.

From this assignment, I can know that how to construct a column, a wall, a

beam and a foundation.

Teamwork also very important. Cooperation and communication between

workers and contractor is needed. Without teamwork, the construction

building will not be completed on time.

Besides that, safety is very important at construction site. We need to wear

safety helmet and safety boots while visit the construction site. The safety of

the building also very important, a good quality building will let the people

staying in peaceful. So, as a responsible building team, we cant cheating on

workmanship and also materials.

In conclusion, this activity let me experience the real life work on a

construction site. After this activity, I am particularly grateful to all the

workmanship on the site for working hard under the sun and also rain. At the

future, I hope that I can be a successful Quantity Surveyor. Thank you !

Group Photo