construction equipments
DESCRIPTION
This file contains some In formations about construction equipmentTRANSCRIPT
SARM UNIVERSITYENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
•NAME:SARBSAT AHMED•ID NO:1511310069•TITLE:CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
Loader
Four Basic Types of Loaders• Cable Shovel• Hydraulic Front Shovel (also called hydraulic
excavator)• Backhoe• Front End Loader
Front End Loader
F is the Bucket - note that it is a solid unit.Dumping is achieved byrotation. Can be criticalconsideration in loadingheight
G is Teeth - FELs knownas whimpy diggers - load is spread over a bucket as wide as a machine - May have penetrating V
Digging Motion of FEL
I, J, H, and E are the hingesand hydraulics used for rotating the bucket - They provide limited pry and dig motionC is a one piece arm movedby hydraulic cylinder D - Wide bucket - Rigid Arm - Limited Pry Pivot on bucketLimited Digger
Crowd Motion on an FEL
Crowd Motion is the Tires.The machine drivesforward - Powered by Diesel Engine A
Problem of Tearing upUnderfoot under wetconditions
Hydraulics on armcompetes with propelmotion for power
The Articulated Machine
Front End Loaders arearticulated which givesthem their Y shape loadingpattern
Mobility of FEL makesgreat for cleaning upspills
Hydraulic Front Shovel
Has a two piece bottom dumpbucket - Higher wear from two pieces
- Bottom open eliminates need to pivot to dump - helps loading height - Can get a rock stuck too
Hydraulic bucket opening forgentle loading - can position low over truck and open bucket at a controlled rate
The Machine That Swings
This is a track mounted machinelacks mobility of FEL - Picks up load and pivots to dump into truck Tracks provide for low bearingpressure. Coupled with minimalmovement is much easier onground - especially when wet
Other Machine Properties
Power Supply Can be Diesel or Electric (often Diesel)
Power is converted to hydraulic for most motions including propel
• Hydraulics allow trade off between power and speed at steady engine speed
Very Gradable - Can Pull itself up with boom
The Cable Shovel
Basic Design has changed littefrom the turn of the 1900sSpindly version shown here isstripping shovel. Was neverpopular outside Midwest andnone built since 1969 - had more limited overburden range than dragline - operates on pit bottom so more vulnerable to water - had lower profit margin than draglines.
Cable Digging Technique
Has the limited swing up diggingproblem of the FEL
Dipper (not called a bucket on thismachine) does not pivot
Cable connections avoid major shocktransfers to boom - lets outlive the HE
Crowd produced by either rack andpinion on boom or cable wheels - wheels preserve insulating boom from shock
MOTOR GRADER
EXPLANATION OFMOTOR GRADER
TERMS
To understand motor grader applications we mustfirst understand common terms used to describe themachine and its work area.
1. Toe of moldboard. Leading end — in relation to the direction of travel. Generally the moldboard end closest to the front tires.
2. Heel of moldboard. Trailing end — in relation to
the direction of travel. Generally the moldboard
end closest to the tandem tires.
3. Circle turn. Allows the circle and moldboard to be
rotated 360 degrees to match the moldboard angle to the material or application. Moldboard angle is important: it allows material to roll along the moldboard and increase motor grader productivity. Normally a motor grader moves material across the area being graded, not straight ahead. It requires less horsepower to move material if it rolls across and off the moldboard and is not bulldozed. To accomplish this requires the use of several features at the same time such as the circle turn, drawbar sideshift and moldboard tip.
4. Circle centershift/Drawbar sideshift.
These cylinders allow the circle and drawbar to be sideshifted in relation to the main frame. It allows positioning the moldboard for special applications such as high bank sloping, maximum side reach, and to obtain desired cutting angles for proper material flow off the moldboard. It can also be used to increase visibility to the heel of the moldboard.
5. Moldboard cutting angles. The moldboard is
considered to be at 0 degree angle when it is at a right angle to the main frame. This position would normally be used for bulldozing material straight ahead for short distances.
6. Moldboard sideshift. This arrangement allows
the moldboard to be sideshifted in relation to the circle assembly to increase side reach, to work around stationary objects, and for many other uses.7. Moldboard tip. This is a very important feature:
its proper use will increase machine productivity, increase cutting edge life and could prevent machine damage.
SOME USES OF MOTOR GRADER
Much of today’s motor grader work involves the maintenance, snow clearing, and building county/ township type roads. This includes smoothing, shaping the travel surface, and providing drainage to prevent road deterioration in inclement weather
ROAD CROSS SECTION
The diagram below shows the cross section of a typical road and the terms used to describe each component.
EXCAVATOR
USE OF EXCAVATOR
An excavator uses hydraulics or a wire rope pulley system to dig holes or trenches and is, therefore, often called a digger. Excavators are also called bobcats and backhoes. An excavator has a long boom arm and a cab that is mounted on a pivot. The boom is connected at an elbow to a stick that holds the bucket.The entire vehicle can either be on wheels or on tracks and is commonly used with loaders and bulldozers. Tracked excavators are sometimes known as trackhoes.
SCRAPER
Scraper : General InformationScraper Types• Pusher Loaded• Self-Loading
USE OF SCRAPERTractor-pulled scraper are are designed to load,haul,and and dump loose materials.The advantage of tractors scraper combinations is their versatility
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