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Development Alternatives

EXISTING LCCR POLICY CONTEXT IN

MADHYA PRADESH

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Madhya Pradesh Initiatives

Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoI, and GIZ: Work together to develop an understanding towards the interventions required to improve the livelihood and adaptive capacities of vulnerable rural communities and formulate strategies for climate change adaptations favouring sustainable development in the rural sector.

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National Action Plan on Climate Change

There is a growing understanding on the importance of adopting LCCR strategies.

National Action plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

The NAPCC charts the development course of the country in an ecologically

sustainable manner.

Eight missions outline the strategies for achieving climate change adaptation and

mitigation goals for the country. Sustainable Habitats have been identified as

key thrust area for these missions.

NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT, 2010

Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings

Improved solid and liquid waste management

Improving climate resilience of habitat infrastructure

Advance systems for extreme weather events

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12th Five Year plan Promotes inclusive growth, for faster sustainable growth

• Encouraging Energy Service Companies (ESCO) to go for retrofitting of existing buildings : an innovative option for bringing in energy efficiency in energy intensive applications. The ESCO recovers its expenditures from mutually agreed share from the savings in the electricity bills.

• Adopting Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC) in new commercial buildings.

• Promoting disaster resistance and innovative technologies to the houses of Indira Awas Yojna (IAY)

12th Five Year plan

LAYS STRESS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS

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In India, the Central Government lays down policies and guidelines for the states to enact their own Urban and Regional Planning Acts.

• Master Plan / Development are important instruments of urban planning systems in the country.

Town and Country Planning

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 • Attempted devolution of powers and assigning increased responsibility to

the municipality, by evolving a framework for the states to transfer some urban planning and land use regulation functions to Urban Local Bodies

Till early 90’s: • City planning process which was done predominantly by techno-bureaucrats • No direct participation from citizens

M.P. Municipal Corporation/Municipalities Act 1961, 1994 • Incorporated provisions for urban planning and land use regulation

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Madhya Pradesh Bhumi Vikas

Niyam 2012

Bye-laws for construction

and compliance thereof of

various types of buildings

Planting one tree @ every

100 sq. mt. of plot

18 districts of the state

earthquake-prone and for

construction activities

compliance to National

Building Code sought.

Town and Country Planning

Madhya Pradesh has a comprehensive policy framework for both the urban

and rural areas.

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Case study : Chhatisgarh Eco-friendly Mega-housing Project

Atal Vihar Yojana, June 2012 : Chhattisgarh Housing Board

• Aims to construct one lakh houses having an eco-friendly

features in three years

• 45,000 EWS and LIG houses, 50,000 MIG houses, 5000

HIG houses.

FEATURES: Each district would be developed as a Atal Vihar (Housing) colony with all basic facilities and eco-friendly features like • Increased green cover • Rain water harvesting • Photo-voltaic panel usage • Low flow sanitation • Efficiency lighting • Technological innovations and newer techniques in

construction

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Housing & Habitat

Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA)

Equitable, inclusive and sustainable growth of cities and towns that can include bye-laws for overall low carbon growth.

Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), 1970

Techno-financial institution for dealing with problems of growing housing shortages. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), 1996 Social housing scheme under Ministry

of Rural Development

STATE

CENTRAL

Housing & Infrastructure

Development Board, 1972

Post 1990, promoted participation

of private entrepreneurs and

liberalized housing

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Housing & Habitat

Madhya Pradesh Housing and Environment Policy, 2007 Sustainable Development as driving principle

Reducing pressure of population in big cities through larger role of local bodies

Seeking foreign investments

• Conducted capacity building mason trainings in eco-friendly construction techniques in all MP districts. • Demonstration buildings have been constructed to showcase these techniques and enable other house owners to adopt them. • Cost-effective model community buildings built in eco-friendly building technologies.

Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Rural Housing Mission Envisages fulfilling housing gap in MP through quality affordable and eco-friendly

building solutions

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National Rural Housing & Habitat Policy, 1998

Creating surpluses in housing stock

and facilitating construction of 2

million additional dwelling units each

year.

Promoting research and development

and transfer of technology for

construction of houses.

Evolving parameters for optimal use of

available resources to promote

development and growth in a

sustained manner.

Developing and enforcing appropriate

ecological standards to protect the

environment and provide a better

quality of life in human settlements

AIMS

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Many states have notified guidelines for rain water harvesting in residential areas.

Rain Water Harvesting Policy

Indore , Madhya Pradesh, has strict rules for implementation of RWH: • Rainwater harvesting has been made mandatory in all new buildings with

an area of 250 m2 or more. • A rebate of 6% on property tax has been offered as an incentive for

implementing rainwater harvesting systems.

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District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

Executing body

National Disaster Management Authority to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster

Management in India.

STATE

CENTRAL

Disaster Management

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) Policy making body

• Prepares district response plans in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the state authority through departments at district level and local authorities.

• Examines construction standards. • Ensures communication systems. • Involves NGOs.

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Disaster Management

AIM: “Establishing necessary systems, structures, programs, resources, capabilities and guiding principles for reducing disaster risks and preparing for and responding to disasters and threats of disasters in the state of Madhya Pradesh in order to save lives and property, avoid disruption of economic activity and damage to environment and to ensure the continuity and sustainability of development.”

One of the leading organizations in the country imparting professional training and conducting consultancy services on natural and man-made disasters management.

Madhya Pradesh State Disaster Management Policy (MPSDMP), 2005:

Pre-Disaster Phase LCCR development

• Development of laws/byelaws • Extensive data collection • Maintaining directories of

resources • Developing action plans

Capacity building and training • Community awareness

Disaster/ Impact Phase

Post-disaster Phase

Disaster Management Institute(DMI), Bhopal, 1987

ACTIVITIES:

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CAUSES FOR LAND DEGRADATION • Soil erosion • Injudicious use of chemical fertilizers • Water logging • Salinity • Shifting cultivation

Wasteland Management

Madhya Pradesh has • 57,134.03 sq. km of wasteland • Nearly 12% of the total drought

prone area of the country

Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP), 1973

Launched by the Central Government Tackles special problems faced by severe drought Watershed approach for land development, water resource development Afforestation/pasture development

Rajiv Gandhi Watershed Mission

Umbrella mission Pooling of funds available under Employment Assurance Scheme, Drought-

Prone Area Programme and Integrated Wasteland Development Programme Covers 7,600 villages out of the 51,086 villages in the Madhya Pradesh

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LCCR Design & Construction

National Building Code of India (NBC) is a national instrument providing

guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.

Administrative regulations

Development control rules

General building requirements

Fire safety requirements;

Stipulations regarding materials

Structural design and construction

Building and plumbing services

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LCCR Design & Construction

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) Developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to

address the energy efficient design of new, commercial buildings.

Optimize energy consumption for buildings with a connected load > 500 kVA.

Maximising thermal performance of walls and windows, ventilation, daylighting, air

conditioning appliances, etc.

Ensuring performance specifications of buildings as per their climatic zones.

Incorporating Code into the mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment

requirements.

• It has been estimat­ed that if all the commercial space in India is made to conform to ECBC norms, energy consumption in this sector would reduce by 30-40%.

• 10 state have announced to make ECBC mandatory for new commercial construction.

FOCUS AREAS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS:

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• Internationally recognized green building rating system which verifies that a building was designed and built using improved performance criteria, including energy savings, water efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction.

• LEED-India is administered by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). • Currently, in India : 1,482 LEED India registered buildings and 214 LEED certified

buildings = 1012.92 million square feet of registered green building footprint.

LCCR Design & Construction

BUILDING RATING PROGRAMMES:

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

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LCCR Design & Construction

BUILDING RATING PROGRAMMES:

• National rating system for green building design, developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

• All new central government and public sector undertakings buildings are to comply with the requirements of at least a 3 star GRIHA rating.

• An actual performance based 1-5 star scale rating of a building (office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and IT parks) in terms of its specific energy usage in kWh/sq m/year, with 5 Star being the most efficient.

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

BEE Buildings Star Rating System

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LCCR Technology

Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), 1990

Established to bridge the gap between R&D and large scale application of new building material technologies.

Performance Appraisal Certification Scheme

Rapid Damage Assessment Studies

Capacity building and skill development

Persuading Central and State Government agencies, housing development and construction agencies and organizations in private and community sectors to use of proven cost effective and energy-efficient building materials and construction technologies.

AIM: to work towards a comprehensive and integrated approach for promotion and transfer of potential, cost-effective, environment-friendly, disaster resistant building material and technologies including locally available materials from lab to land for sustainable development of housing.

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• The Additional Chief Secretary, GoMP has reiterated at various fora the need for alternate building technologies to mitigate the housing shortage across the state, but also lead to reduction in carbon emissions. • Development Alternatives has been instrumental in designing training mechanism and is supporting the Madhya Pradesh Government in developing the state level Schedule of Rates (SOR) incorporating alternate building technologies.

LCCR Construction

PROMOTION OF ALTERNATE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

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In association with Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA), The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and Kings College London, has undertaken an initiative to strengthen the understanding of emerging climate science and research among communities and communicators.

Madhya Pradesh Initiatives

The Housing and Environment Department supported by UNDP is working towards strengthening the CCC into a State Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (SCCKMC).

KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION & COMMUNICATION

• Strengthen community knowledge and voice on climate change impacts and adaptation • Increasing their input into local research and policy dialogue • Enable communities to share their experiences in coping with and adapting to climate change.

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Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization

State Nodal Agency for addressing Climate Change issues. - Established a Climate Change Cell (CCC) - Facilitates management of long term climate risks and uncertainties - Builds capacities of state officials to mainstream these issues in activities and plans

EPCO in association with Development Alternatives, has carried out a vulnerability assessment in Madhya Pradesh: To study and understand climate change vulnerability and adaptation and therefore, how relevant resilience building and adaptation measures can be effectively incorporated within the existing development processes.

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State Climate Change Action Plan (CAP)

Madhya Pradesh was one of the first state to develop their State Climate Change Action Plan (CAP).

• Leading the state towards a carbon conscious, climate resilient development path. • Institutional capacity building across various sectors. • Green Governance favouring Low Carbon Societies • Increasing energy and water efficiency • Conserving and replenishing the forest cover and regulating mining activities. • Stress on rainwater harvesting structure with proper drainage and solid waste management.

The emphasis is on having climate change resilient cities and rural areas strategy including sectoral GHG inventorization.

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Water

National Water Policy 2012 Draft proposes to make a plan of action with a unified national perspective to meet rowing water demand of an increasing population. LCCR strategy for buildings looks at two aspects of water use - as a building resource and recyclability of used water.

National Water Policy 2002

Standardized national information system for water related data

Focused on artificial recharge of ground water

Instituted Ground Water Augmentation Awards (Bhoomijal Samvardhan

Puraskar) and National Water Award.

The Uthanur Panchayat in Mulbagaltaluk, Karnataka has been implementing the

Sujala Watershed Project since 2004 and has resulted in:

50 dry tubewells have becoming active yielding 700 gallons of water an hour

Household income increase from a pre-project average of Rs. 12,000 to Rs.

40,000

Bhoomijal Samvardhan Puraskar and National Water Award 2007

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Scarcity area management

Establishment of water zone and watershed management

Water allocation practices, drinking water and quality control

Ground water development.

MADHYA PRADESH STATE WATER POLICY 2003

Water

The state has initiated many watershed programmes.

Watershed management programme, GoMP, 1995 : More than 1000 check dams, 1050 tanks and 1100 community lift irrigation schemes have been implemented in Jhabua district.

Chhattisgarh region, Madhya Pradesh Experiment

Installation of low cost small farm reservoirs & improved crop and soil management systems.

• Crops in the micro-catchment of the reservoir did not face drought due to subsoil moisture reserves

• Contributed to ground water storage.

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Forests

Post-independence • Nistar rights restored • Political ideology of

allowing people to harvest more in an unsustainable manner

• Pressure on officers to contribute more towards revenues

Lok Vaniki (People’s Forestry), 1999 • Has earned the state government

Green Globe Foundation award. • Research and extension of nurseries

to make available high quality saplings for plantation.

Nistar Rights Traditionally, the tribals of

MP had the right to procure commodities necessary for

their living from surrounding areas and forests and in return they ensured to

conserve the forests

Abolition of Nistar rights

Following takeover of the forests by the

British

Fast deterioration of forests • Gap between demand and

sustainable supply of forest products increased

• Many forest-based industries closed down due to raw material shortage.

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Forests

National Forest Policy, 1988

Protection, conservation and

development of forests.

Substantial increase in forest

cover through mas­sive

afforestation

Social forestry programmes

In Madhya Pradesh, • Improvement in the vegetation cover since 1996 through micro-watershed

projects in the state. • Success of Salri and Ladwan micro watersheds needs to be replicated . • CDM is a new approach to earn carbon credits through plantation and

afforestation.

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PROJECT AREA : 369.87 hectares the land belonged to 227 farmers (degraded part of croplands that are generally left fallow) spread across 8 villages in Sirsa district

Case Study : Afforestation Pilot CDM Project. Haryana

Started by the Haryana Clean Development Mechanism Vaiksh Kisan Samiti, Ellanabad, a district level cooperative body, to earn carbon credits and to improve environment.

IMPACTS:

• Project financial return of INR 90,000/hectare/year is expected from the project, assuming TCER (temporary Certified Emission Reductions) price of US$ 7.00.

• A preliminary review and appraisal of the project, in January 2012, highlighted that the area is turning into lush forest.

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Re-utilization of industrial waste in making / as building materials

has not been on the agenda of any state level body

EXCEPT fly ash.

Industrial Waste

Chemical waste Hazardous waste Municipal Waster Rules, 1989

Solid waste Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000

Industrial waste

Solid Waste Management Manual of Ministry of Urban Development.

(falls under the mandate of Himachal Pradesh Pollution Control Boards and urban

local bodies have no role in its control )

• Steel and blast furnace slag • Fly ash • Kiln dust • Lime sludge • Mica scraper waste • Lime stone waste

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Industrial Waste

Some states like Rajasthan that has India’s largest marble industry have taken proactive

steps in dealing with these issues.

STONE DUST:

The Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB) has decided to allow the establishment of marble sawing units only on the precondition that mine owners will effectively reuse marble slurry within a year of getting license.

Stone dust is one of the major industrial wastes in Madhya

Pradesh

Currently there is no system for managing the waste generated

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Industrial Waste

FLY ASH

Currently 4 thermal power

plants in Madhya Pradesh - 19 more being

planned.

Problem of fly ash disposal • Grave environmental and

health consequences if not re-used.

• Production of fly ash in India is likely to be more than 175 million tons by 2012

Fly Ash Utilization Programme notification

• Mandatory use of ash is for industries involved in cement based products, bricks, construction works, roads etc. that lie <100 km from coal based thermal power stations (TPS).

• All the TPSs to supply ash free of cost to all the agencies and also prepare an action plan showing 100% utilization within 15 years i.e. by 2014.

Utilization of fly ash has improved

In 1994 - 3% In 2004 - 27%

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Case Study : 100% Fly Ash Utilization, Germany & China

GERMANY

Ban on clay solid bricks

CHINA

DRIVING FORCE : “Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste

Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste

Disposal”

• German fly ash fulfills strong quality criteria

• According to European standard EN 197-1 (2000), Cements are allowed fly ash content up to 35%

Utilization rates of fly ash in different application areas

Early 1950s : Pursued policy of ash utilization technology, supported

research and development activities

1990 onwards: Increased utilization rate

Since 1997: 100% utlization In Shanghai City and Nanjing City of Jiangsu

Province. Mostly in earthwork of road construction, wallboard materials and

cement production.

• Encouraged the use of fly ash • Triggered the use of fly ash in

the brick making industry

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Opportunities Threats in LCCR Development in Madhya

Pradesh OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

• Government of Madhya Pradesh has made rain water harvesting mandatory for any plot over 140 sq. m.

• Area under irrigation increased by 59%.

• Agricultural production, area under rabi increased by 16% with an increase in productivity of 30%.

However, the high rate of failure of hand pumps (44%) on account of

declining water table is indicative of the excessive ground water

exploitation.

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Opportunities Threats in LCCR Development in Madhya

Pradesh OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Guidelines from MPSAPCC are also reflective of government’s

commitment to enhancing Energy Efficiency in Built

environment.

• Industrial Promotion Policy (2004) and Action Plan (2010) do not talk about the management of waste generated by the industries.

• There is no mention of ways to reduce the over-exploitation caused due to mining.

• Lack of skilled practitioners with the requisite skills to engage with the community to chalk out common ways forward.

• Ambivalence and overlap of functions and responsibilities between the plan implementing agencies

Huge potential of reuse of industrial waste in Madhya

Pradesh

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Thank you

Development Alternatives 35

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Development Alternatives

This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) for the benefit of developing countries. However, the viewsexpressed and information contained in it are not necessarily those of or endorsed by DFID or DGIS, who can accept no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on them. This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted by law, the entities managing the delivery of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it.

© Copyright Climate and Development Knowledge Network 2013.

All content / information present here is the exclusive property of Development Alternatives (DA). The content / information contained here is correct at the time of publishing. The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization(s) associated with DA. This document contains details of a number of organizations, events, publications, projects and individuals. However, this does not imply that these entities are either endorsed or recommendedby DA in preference to others of a similar nature. These entities shall not be liable for any damages incidental to the use of the information contained in this document. No material from here may be copied, modified, reproduced, republished, uploaded, transmitted, posted or distributed in any form without prior written permission from DA. Unauthorized use of the content / information appearing here may violate copyright, trademark and other applicable laws, and could result in criminal or civil penalties.

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