INFO 272. Qualitative Research Methods

Outline

The Field Site Challenges to the Early Model Multi-Sited Ethnography Virtual Ethnography Examples

Selecting a ‘Field Site’

Ask yourself two questions: What about this research topic is spatial? Where can you position yourself as

participant-observer? (logistics)

Spatial Aspects of Field Work (in a traditional mode):

• Field sites are discovered• One distinct, bounded site• the site = focus of ‘whole culture’• Often possible to totally enumerate the population

Ethnography ala Malinowski

1922-1960s

Challenges: urban settings

complex, heterogeneous, overlapping cultures [Hannerz]

“the challenge of foregrounding”

Challenges: ambiguous spatial terrain cyberspace borderlands and transnational communities global institutions (the UN) the mass media non-places (airports) [Augé]

Challenges: media and technology

‘double articulation’ [Silverstone] -- one can study the television (as a consumed object, it’s

place in the home, it’s shape/size/style) and the television program (as window into and education about contemporary culture)

Internet can been studied as both culture and as cultural artifact [Hine, Virtual Ethnography]

Approaches: Multi-Sited Ethnography Studying the local as embedded in the global

[Marcus and Fischer - 1986]

Studying the global system itself [Marcus - 1998]

fieldsites need not be static and bounded “follow the object” “follow the people” “follow

the metaphor” to create coherence Logistics: negotiating access at multiple sites?

Cost? Compromising epth of involvement?

Approaches: Virtual Ethnography Computer-Mediated

Communication (CMC) research vs. Online Ethnographers

Cyberspace – “profoundly anti-spatial…You cannot say where it is or describe its memorable shape and proportions…But you can find things in it without knowing where they are” [Mitchell 1996]

Questioning the nature of ‘dwelling’ and ‘participation’

Approaches: Online + Offline

Can you study someone online without studying them offline? (questions of authenticity)

Is cyberspace a bounded and detached space?

Couldry’s strategy for studying Media Ritualsquestions:

- what is the role of media in the legitimation of wider power structures and inequalities?

- how are media institutions and media people thought about? what are our beliefs about media power and how do they contribute to the legitimation of that power?

what position do you take within the whole and why?

- moments where the process of legitimating media power was made explicit, visible

- exceptional sites

Method and data:

- participant-observation

- leisure sites (Granada Studios Tour)

- protest sites

- interviews

- media clippings about the protest

Couldry’s strategy for studying Media Ritualsquestions:

- what is the role of media in the legitimation of wider power structures and inequalities?

- how are media institutions and media people thought about? what are our beliefs about media power and how do they contribute to the legitimation of that power?

The Fieldsite as a Network

1. Before: Ask yourself – where is the social process carried out? where is it especially visible? where is it contested?

2. To Start: Seeking entry-points (not sites)

3. Follow people, things, themes to other sites (iterative approach)

4. To Stop: With meaning saturation re-situate yourself or conclude the research

For Tuesday

1. Please send me your fieldnotes so I can post them on the website

2. Look over your classmates field notes – especially those on the same team.