conquest and expansion i.consolidation a.conquering the west b. the power of trade ii.debate...
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Conquest and ExpansionI. Consolidation
A. Conquering the WestB. The Power of Trade
II. DebateA. ExpansionistsB. Anti-Imperialists
III. Foreign PolicyA. Projecting ForceB. Spanish-American WarC. The Open Door in ChinaD. The Panama Canal
IV. Accidental Empire?
Conquering the WestNew States• KS (1861)• NV (1864)• NE (1867)• CO (1876)• WA, MN, ND,
SD (1889)• ID, WY
(1890)• UT (1896)• OK (1907)
• Note the locations of reservations
Wounded Knee, 1890
Mass Grave
Chief Bigfoot
Ghost Dance
Expanding
Trade• Reciprocity treaties
with:– Hawaii– Mexico– Cuba– Puerto Rico– West Indies– Santo Domingo– El Salvador– Colombia
American gunboat in JapanHiroshige, 1861
Nationalist
s• Idealism
• Frontier
• Overproduction
• Europe
• Gender
• Race
Theodore Roosevelt, NYC, 1885
Opposition to Empire
• Politicians, businessmen, intellectuals, and pacifists
• Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Mark Twain, Anna Julia Cooper
• Libertarians
• Egalitarians
• Racists
“Another Explosion at Hand.”Joseph Keppler, 1900.
Projecting Force
• Offense
versus
defense
The New Navy of the US, 1892
The Spanish-American War, 1898
Commodore Dewey Emilio Aguinaldo
W.R. Hearst
Battle for Cuba
TR and the Rough Riders
Cuban mass grave
The Philippine Insurrection, 1898-99
• U.S.– 4,234 dead– 2,818 wounded
• Philippines– 20,000
soldiers and 200,000 civilians dead
Opening China, 1900
• Boxer Rebellion
• John Hay• Open Door
The Panama Canal, 1903-13
• Part of Colombia• US foments rebellion• New nation of Panama• 75,000 men, $400
Million
Accidental Empire?
• Ideals– Democracy– Independenc
e
• Reality– US control