conquerors of mesopotamia from 5000bc to the persians
TRANSCRIPT
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Conquerors of Mesopotamia
From 5000BC to the Persians
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Early Conquerors of the Land• Religious leaders held
power first, then wars broke out
• With more wars, military leaders come to power
• Eventually leaders start taking over nearby villages– Leads to the beginning of
empires and empire building
• 1st Empire builder- Sargon of Akkad
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Sargon of Akkad• Takes power over Sumer
– Came from the city of Akkad– Adopted many of the
Sumerian practices and beliefs
• Becomes the 1st time all of Sumer has been unified
• Sargon dynasty unifies Sumer from 2340BC – 2125BC
• Expands empire from north of Sumer to Persian Gulf
• Empire- many areas under the rule of one leader
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New Leaders Come to Power• Empire of Sargon begins
to weaken• Amorites take power of
Sumer around 2000BC – Make Babylon their capital– Moves it from Ur
• Amorites become known as the Babylonian Empire– Still keep practices of Sumer
• Babylonian Empire will reach its height under the leader known as Hammurabi
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Map of the Early Empires
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The Reign of Hammurabi• Hammurabi comes to
power around 1790 BC– Rules until 1750 BC
• Best known for creating a code of law for all people– Known as Hammurabi’s Code– Was based off earlier codes
• Hammurabi’s Code was based on revenge– Eye for an eye, tooth for
tooth
• Rules applied differently to the rich and the poor– Also changed religion under
Hammurabi- Marduk main god
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Babylonians Fall From Power• Babylonian empire falls
apart around the 1600 BCE– Weak leadership follows death
of Hammurabi
• Also lost power due to a powerful opponent attacking
• The Hittites attacked from the west; area known as Anatolia– Used chariots for attacks– Group had iron tools/weapons– Were far superior to Bronze
• Hittites also adopted Sumerian beliefs
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Map of Hittites Location
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Advancements of the Hittites• Hittites first group to smelt iron
– Start of the Iron Age
• Made the Hittites superior to all other groups• Iron weapons easily defeated other soldiers’
weapons • Chariots were also invented
– Made their warriors faster and could attack quickly
• Hittites would later fall to the Assyrians; very fierce group
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The Assyrian Empire• The Assyrian Empire comes
to power around 850 BCE– Very warlike people
• Built a large empire with constant attacks on neighboring groups
• Sennacherib – great military leader of Assyrian empire– Burned Babylon to the
ground– Made Nineveh their new
capital
• Assyrian empire expanded through the entire Fertile Crescent and into Egypt
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Assyrian Military Advancements• Archers- launched waves of
arrows at opponents• Ladders- used to climb over
the walls of opponents• Weapons- were iron tipped,
also had protective armor• Tactics- if not killed in
battle, the remaining were impaled or beheaded– Women murdered or sold to
slavery
• Tunnels- tunnels were dug under the walls or foundation to make them fall
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The Assyrian Empire Falls• Assyrians were attacked by
groups who they defeated– Groups wanted to get revenge– Burned Nineveh to the ground
• Chaldeans responsible for the defeat of Assyria– Other groups also help
• Chaldeans were the rebirth of the Babylonians– Led by Nebuchadnezzar– Made Babylon their capital
again
• Kingdom became one of the 7 wonders of the world
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The Persians End It All• Persian Empire was led by
Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius I
• Started in the area between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley
• Empire would eventually spread and take Chaldeans