CONNECTORS Link Words

Conjunctions (connectors) are words (e.g. and, because, but) or expressions (e.g. in order that, either ..... or) that join words, ideas or sentences together.

1- Addition: and besides moreover in addition to furthermore both and not only but also too as well (as) either neither either or neither nor or

a- And: (a) - This conjunction must join two or more items of the same grammatical class that is a noun, an adjective and an adverb etc. It is used to join words of the same function. When we join two or more expressions we usually put and before the last express b- Or, Either..... Or, Neither..... Nor : These conjunctions are used to show choice or alternatives within sentences. c- Either, Neither: We usually use these words when there is a choice, especially when two things or people are involved.

2- Contrast: but however yet although though even if despite in spite of while

whereas unlike-

a- But: This conjunction is used to combine contrasting ideas or statements, that is to show that they are opposite in meaning. Although: This word is used to join contrasting statements.

b- Besides, Moreover, Furthermore: These connectors are used to show an addition of ideas related to the main statement.

3- Cause, Reason: because as since because of due to

a- Because, Since, As: These words are used to show the reason for something and often answer the question Why?

b- Because, Since, As + subject + verb

c- Because of + noun / gerund (verb + ing)

4- Consequence, Result: so therefore consequently as a result thus such / so that

lead to cause otherwise

a- Therefore, As a Result: These connectors are used to show the result of some event or action. b - So: So is used to show the result of something.

5- Purpose: to in order to so as to so that

a- So That, In Order To: These are conjunctions that show purpose.

6- Conditional: if in case provided that as / so long as

a- If: If is used to show condition. The if-clause can be used at the beginning or end of the sentence.

7- Time: when as while as soon as since after before

8- Relative pronouns: who whom which that whose - where

ACT. 1: Choose the best letter to complete each sentence.

1. _________ you had been more careful you wouldnt have failed.

(A) Although (B) If

(C) Either

(D) Because

2. It was raining heavily ____________ we could not go out.

(A) so

(B) and

(C) or

(D) because

3. They walked fast ___________________________ reach early.

(A) so that (B) because

(C) so

(D) in order to

4. Juriah works hard every day ______________________ she can do well in her test.

(A) and (B) although

(C) so that

(D) because

5. _________________ the weather was bad; they went to swim in the river.

(A) Because (B) Although

(C) If

(D) But

6. ________________ of them are hardworking; both are lazy.

(A) Either (B) Or

(C) Neither

(D) So

7. You can succeed ___________ you try very hard.

(A) and (B) because

(C) although

(D) if

8. Do you want cash ________ cheque?

(A) or

(B) so

(C) but

(D) and

9. Malik came to school yesterday ____________________ he was ill.

(A) because (B) although

(C) so

(D) so that

10. He tried to meet the Minister _____________ failed.

(A) and (B) so

(C) but

(D) if

ACT. 2: Link each pair of sentences using a connector from the list below.

But - because - so - and - if - or - Besides - Therefore - As a result

1. Father has promised to give me a camera. I do well in my test.

2. She is tall. She still cannot reach the shelf.

3. The children talked. They danced the whole day.

4. He scored low marks. He was careless.

5. Can you lend me a pen? Can you lend me a pencil?

6. The supermarket was closed. I couldnt buy anything.

7. I could not see my way. It was dark.

8. Do you want a pen for your birthday? Do you want a watch for your birthday?

9. He was disobedient. He was punished.

10. She was tired. She went to bed early.

11. I like gardening. My daughter prefers drawing.

12. He drove very fast. He met with an accident.

13. You have misbehaved yourself. You should be punished.

14. I am weak in the subject. I need extra guidance.

15. Games are beneficial to our health. They keep us usefully occupied.

ACT. 3: Join each pair of sentences using the word in brackets.

1- They went to university. They had passed their BAC exam. (After)

2- He went crazy. His wife broke the vase. (When)

3- You can understand what I'm saying. You stay quiet. (If)

4- I won't go on a trip with my schoolmates. My parents allow me. (Until)

5- He arrived home. I had already cooked lunch. (By the time)

6- The first exercise was difficult. This one is extremely easy. (Whereas)

7- She's selfish. People like her. (Yet)

8- We're broke. We can't buy a new car. (Since)

9- He didn't succeed. He won't give up his ideals. (Even though)

10- He knocked on the door. I was watching the film. (While)

11- I have bought a pair of trousers. I have bought a sweatshirt. (As well as)

12- He is twenty years old. His wife is forty. (Whereas)

13- That's the driver. His car crashed last week. (Whose)

14- She's extremely poor. She's generous. (However)

15- The workers are on strike. The factory is closed. (Since)

ACT. 4: Join each of pair of sentences using an appropriate connector.

1. I enjoy studying English. It is an interesting subject.

2. He smokes a lot. He has lung cancer.

3. The villagers have many enemies. They must unite to defend themselves.

4. I seldom play chess. I do not understand the game well.

5. He fell heavily from the room. He broke his leg.

6. You will fall down. You are not careful.

7. I had bread for breakfast. I had butter for breakfast.

8. You can travel to Kuantan by train. You can travel to Kuantan by bus.

9. I dont like this town. It is very noisy.

10. He is intelligent. He is lazy.

11. They are the people. I saw yesterday.

12. I am coming next week. Peter is coming next week.

13. She gave up work. She wanted to have more time with the children.

14. He fell asleep. He was watching a film.

15. I will stay here. You will get back.