connecting to the internet through an isp
DESCRIPTION
Connecting to the Internet through an ISP. Networking for Home & Small Business. What this Chapter is About…. Every day people are online We need to communicate Internet Service Providers (ISP) Make this possible Web of service providers You’ll see: Why ISP’s are necessary - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
Networking for Home & Small Business
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What this Chapter is About…• Every day people are online• We need to communicate• Internet Service Providers (ISP)
– Make this possible– Web of service providers
• You’ll see:– Why ISP’s are necessary– The Network Operations Centers
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What is the Internet• Worldwide collection of computer networks,
cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards– Network of networks that connects users in
every country in the world• Do this through:
– Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more
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The Internet• Who owns it?
– No one• What allows computers to communicate?
– Protocols• There are several organizations that help
manage it– Standards– Addressing
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Imagine…• What would the Internet be like if no
organization granted domain names?– Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com sites
• What other areas did standards help in?– Mobile web (other browsers)– Any device with browser can access Internet– Use of various devices to access web
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Internet Organizations• ISOC Internet Society
– Central leadership organization• IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
– Proposes solutions to Internet problems– Recommends protocol standards
• IRTF Internet Research Task Force– Researches future of Internet– How to handle transmissions during disaster
• IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority– Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to
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ISP’s• What’s an ISP?
– Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet
• Name yours & others
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ISP Services• What other services do ISP’s provide?
– Internet access– Domain name registration– Web hosting– Transit to all over
• Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another
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Connect to the ISP through POP• Point of Presence• Between your LAN & the ISP• Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of
connection
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High Speed Backbone
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Maps• http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.
php
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Review1. Describe the Internet.2. What does ISP stand for?
– Internet Service Provider3. What does an ISP do?
– Provides connection to the Internet4. What is the connection point between the
ISP and your LAN?– POP
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Options for Connecting to the ISP• Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines• Cell Phone Modem- becoming fast• DSL- high speed over phone lines• Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines• Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital
lines, for businesses, T1• Satellite- medium speeds
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Connecting to the ISP• Modem is used to connect to ISP• You may have an ISR to connect multiple
computers to the modem
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ISP Service Levels• Home Service
– Slower speed – Less expensive– Less web space– Fewer email addresses
• Business Class– Faster speed– More expensive– More web space– More email addresses– SLA (Service Level Agreements)
• Network availability terms• Service response time• Link
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Asymmetric Service• Download transfer rate is
different from upload rate– Common in homes, most
Internet users– Download is faster
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Symmetric Service• Download transfer rate is
same as upload rate– Common in businesses or
hosting servers– Great for uploading lots of
video, data, graphics
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Which ISP?
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End of Day One
Activity• Complete 4.1.5-3
• Handout Research
• Go home & test your speed HW!• http://www.speedtest.net
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Review1. Name some features that a business
class ISP service would offer that home service does not.
2. Describe asymmetric service.3. Describe symmetric service.4. What is a POP?
– Connection between LAN & ISP5. What’s the high speed links that connect
ISPs called?– backbone
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The Importance of IP• Internet Protocol
– Uses packets to carry data– IP carries what you do on the Internet– Contains source & destination IP address
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IP Packet• Header contains the IP addresses & control
info for routers
• IP addresses MUST be unique• ISP gets blocks of addresses
– Then they manage & split them up
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How an ISP handles Packets• Before hitting the Internet, your message is
divided into small packets– Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets
of 1500 bytes each• ISP determines whether packet is for local or for
remote network
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NOC• Controls traffic flow
– Uses destination IP• Has services (web hosting, email)
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NOC- AT &T Monitoring
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Network Utilities• Ping
– End-to-end connectivity
• Traceroute– Traces path
from source to destination
– Displays each hop
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Activities• Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2• Lab 4.2.3.3
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The Internet Cloud• Many routes to a destination
– Bad router- take the back road!• Cloud represents Internet or another
network
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Devices in the Cloud• More than just routers• Tech at home must match tech at ISP
– DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer)
– Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system)
• Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs
• Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant
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Devices in the Cloud
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Devices in the Cloud
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Activity
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Review1. A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which
technology?– DSL
2. What does DSL stand for?– Digital Subscriber Line
3. A CMTS is needed for which technology?– Cable Modem
4. What do you need to connect to the Internet?
– IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you
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Home & Business Devices
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Home & Business Environment
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Cables• What’s another name for cable?
– Medium– Channel
• Copper• Fiber Optic
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Network Cables
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Twisted Pair Cabling• Electricity over the copper wires• Pairs twisted inside jacket• Can get EMI• Crosstalk on long runs
– Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch– Makes it more resistant to interference
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Kinds of Twisted Pair• UTP
– Electricity– Inexpensive– Easy to install– 4 pairs of wires, color coded– RJ45 connector
• Cat 5 & 5e– 100 & 1000Mbps
• Cat 6– 1000Mbps & higher
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Review1. What connector is on UTP?
– RJ452. What is the high speed links called that
connect ISPs?– Backbone
3. A router, switch & access point all in one is called what?
– ISR
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Coax Cable• Transmits electricity• Better shielding than UTP• Harder to install than UTP• ISP uses these for CMTS
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Fiber Optic Cables• Transmits pulses of light• Used in big environments• Glass or plastic• No EMI• High speed
– LAN backbone– Connect ISP to Internet
• 2 fibers– Transmit & receive
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Fiber Optic Cables• Multimode
– Less $– Used in LANs/Campuses
• 2000 meters– LED– Many paths of light
• Single Mode– More $– Connects backbone/NOCs
• 3000 meters– LED laser– Single path of light
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Activity- Fiber or UTP?
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Cabling Standards• Specs for installing & testing cable
– Pinouts (order of wires)– Wire sizes– Shielding– Cable lengths– Connector types – Performance limits
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UTP Cables• TIA/EIA
– 568A– 568B
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Straight-Through Cable• 568B to 568B• Connect unlike devices
– Computer to Hub/Switch– Switch to router port
• On the PC NIC– Pins 1 & 2 transmit– Pins 3 & 6 receive
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Crossover Cable• 568A to 568B• Like Devices
– Switch/hub port to switch/hub port– Router port to router port– PC to router port– PC to PC
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UTP Termination• RJ45 male connector• Jack is female
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Let’s make cables!• Straight-through• 568B to 568B
• White-Orange• Orange• White-Green• Blue• White-Blue• Green• White-Brown• Brown
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Let’s make cables!• Crossover• 568B to 568A• Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE!
• White-Green• Green• White-Orange• Blue• White-Blue• Orange• White-Brown• Brown
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Terminating• Patch Panel
– Switchboard– Quickly
rearrange– RJ45
• Jacks
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Lab• Terminate to a jack
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Testing Cables• Open
– Wire not in connector– Break in wire
• Short– Copper touches another
• Reversed Pair• Split Pair
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Other Tests- Degradation• Attenuation
– Measure of signal strength– If message fades at destination, will not be
understood
• Crosstalk– Signal leaks onto another pair of wires– Can happen if cables are not terminated
properly or low quality connectors
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Cabling Best Practices• Cable Management
– Keeps wires neat & organized to easily find problems
– Protected from damage
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Review• Which cable would you use:
– In your house?• UTP
– Between buildings?• Fiber
– To your cable modem?• Coax
– Where you get a lot of EMI?• Coax or fiber, NOT UTP!!