Connect!

• Why do you need to eat?• What happens to the food you eat?• Why do you need to breathe?• What happens to the oxygen you breathe in?• What do all the chemical reactions in your body

need in order to occur?

C. Energy Transfer Reaction: Respiration

• ALL organisms need energy and must obtain that energy from other sources. Every organism uses the chemical process of respiration to put energy into a usable form.

• Okay, here it is…

cellular respiration is NOT breathing!

It is the Release of Energy from food.

Most organisms happen to use oxygen to help them get the energy out of food, hence the misunderstanding.

• means getting energy from food (glucose)

• energy from glucose is used to form ATP

Involves the following:

1. Transferring the stored chemical energy in food to a form organisms can use.

2. This transfer requires the exchange of oxygen between an organism and its environment.

3. Respiration is a continual process in the cells of all living things. (explains the constant need for oxygen – all cells need gazillions of ATP molecules constantly!)

It happens ALL THE TIME!

Importance

• Cellular respiration is the enzyme-controlled reactions in which the energy of food (also known as glucose) is converted into a more usable form of energy.

• ALL cells run on energy released from ATP. Organisms carry out life functions using ATP energy. This includes plants as well as animals.

ALL ORGANISMSCARRY OUT

RESPIRATIONALL THE TIME!

Gumball Machine Analogy

Could you get a gumball out of this machine with a dollar bill?

What would you have to do?

Change the dollar bill into a more usable form, right?

Can your cells use the candy for energy?

What has to be done?

Change it into a more usable form – ATP!

ATP: The Usable Form of Energy

• is short for adenosine triphosphate

• this molecule stores the energy obtained from food

• when ATP is hydrolyzed ENERGY is released that living things can use

How It Is Done

• most organisms have enzymes in the mitochondria of their cells that are involved in using oxygen to get the energy out of food

• since oxygen is often used as the releaser of energy, the process is often referred to as aerobic cellular respiration

• mitochondria are plentiful in cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells

• the mitochondria use oxygen to release the chemical energy of glucose in a series of enzyme-controlled reactions

• Ingredients for respiration include:

1. glucose

2. oxygen

3. enzymes

• Mix the ingredients in the mitochondria and you get ATP.

• Other products include CO2 and H2O (waste products).

Chemical Equation for Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2

enzymes

H2O + CO2 + 36 ATPs

Word Equation for Respiration

glucose + oxygen

produces

water + carbon dioxide

+ energy

Using ATP

• the ATP gained from respiration is easily hydrolyzed so organisms can get energy

*when ATP is hydrolyzed, energy is released and ADP is formed

*ATP + H2O ADP + P + energy

*this reaction is reversible

*this reaction is used for all life functions

which require energy (metabolism)

Go here: http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html

Chunk!•Define respiration.

•What is the source of the energy?

•What is the usable form of energy?

•What gas is necessary for respiration?

•When does respiration occur, and in what organisms?

•Why are enzymes needed?

•How is a 20 dollar bill like glucose?

•What do the letters ATP stand for?

•Where is the energy in the ATP?

•Where in the cell does respiration occur?

•What does aerobic refer to?

•What kind of cells have many mitochondria? Why?

• What does a mitochondrion look like?

• What are the 3 ingredients for respiration?

• What are the 3 products of respiration?

• What is the chemical equation for respiration?

• What is the word equation for respiration?

• What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?

• What is ADP?

• How is ATP like a rechargeable battery?