Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A

democratic rule involves sharing power with those

affected by its exercise, and who have to live with

its effects.

All communities, social groups get their say in the

governance.

People have a right to be consulted on how they

are to be governed. A legitimate government is

one where citizens acquire a stake in the system;

through participation.

It avoids conflicts between different social groups. The

absence of power sharing can result in division of the

country.

Power sharing helps in avoiding the tyranny of

majority. The tyranny of majority not only destroys

the minority social groups but also the majority

social group.

People’s voice forms the basis of a democratic

government. Hence, power sharing is essential to

respect the spirit of democracy.

The avoiding conflict in society and preventing

majority tyranny are considered as prudential

reasons for power sharing. Maintaining the spirit

of democracy is considered as the moral reason

for power sharing.

Ethnic composition of NIGERIA (174 million people)

Muslims 50.8 %

They live in the northern part of

the country

Most of them are Sunni Muslims

Christians 49.2%

They live in southern &

central part of the country

As Muslims narrowly form the majority of the population, many of them demand

the introduction of Sharia – the Islamic law – as the main source of legislation.

Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of the executive and

judicial branches of government in the years 1999 and 2000.

In 1980’s military ruler of Nigeria General Ibrahim enrolled Nigeria in

the Islamic conference

This was the move that aggravated religious tensions in the country particularly among Christians

Spreading of Sharia system all over the country lead to loss of powers

to non Muslims

This lead to many riots all over the country

Sharia Conflict in Nigeria began in 1999 with the establishment of sharia law in several Muslim-majority states in Northern Nigeria, despite the secular Constitution of Nigeria and the disagreeing Christian minority.

From 2000 onwards, occasional riots between Christians and Muslims have resulted in thousands of deaths. Since 2009, when the Islamist group Boko Haram started an armed rebellion against the secular government of Nigeria, the conflict has become more violent.

In 2010, 55 people were killed in claimed or suspected Boko Haram attacks. By 2013, the annual death toll exceeded 1000, with a further sharp increase occurring in early 2014.

Shariaconflict of Nigeria (1999)

In 1953, Religious riot occured in northern city of

KANO

In 1980’s, Riot due to death of Mohammed

Marwa

In 1991, ReinhardBonnke attempted a

crusade in Kano, causing a religious riot leading to the deaths of about a

dozen people

Appointment of a Muslim politician,

Alhaji MuktarMohammed lead to riot in 2000 & 2001

between Christians & Muslims.

Green - Sharia plays no

role in the judicial

system

Yellow - Sharia applies in

personal status

issues only

Purple - Sharia applies in

full, including criminal law

As of 2012, the following 12

states have instituted Sharia:

Zamfara State

Kano State

Sokoto State

Katsina State

Bauchi State

Borno State

Jigawa State

Kebbi State

Yobe State

Kaduna State

Niger State

Gombe State

1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, and the North of the

newly created country had been largely Muslim

for centuries, whereas the South was mostly

animist.

1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, only about a decade

after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate and other

Islamic states by the British which were to

constitute much of Northern Nigeria.

1953

1966 The Igbo massacre of 1966 in the North that

followed the counter-coup of the same year had

as a dual cause the Igbo officers' coup and pre-

existing (sectarian) tensions between the Igbos

and the local Muslims.

1980’s upsurge in violence due to death of Mohammed

Marwa ("Maitatsine")

1980 Maitatsine's death

1991 the German evangelist Reinhard Bonnke attempted a

crusade in Kano, causing a religious riot leading to the

deaths of about a dozen people.

1999 Sharia was instituted as a main body of civil and criminal

law in 9 Muslim-majority and in some parts of 3 Muslim-

plurality states

1999 & 2000 Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of

the executive and judicial branches of government.

2000’s the 2000s decade would see inter-religious violence

continue in Jos and Kaduna.

2001 October riot killed over 100 people in Kano State.

2002 The Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel wrote an

article that led to the demonstrations and violence

that caused the deaths of over 200 in Kaduna

2004 Yelwa massacre occured which killed 100’s of

people.

2009 Mohammad Yusuf was killed & nigerian government

launched an investigation

2010 More than 500, mostly Christian people, were killed

by religious violence in Jos.

January 2010 After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its

first terrorist attack in Borno . It resulted in the

killing of four people.

2012 The 9 states have instituted Sharia

2012 Abubakar Shekau, a former deputy to Yusuf,

appeared in a video posted on YouTube. According

to Reuters, Shekau took control of the group after

Yusuf's death in 2009. Authorities had previously

believed that Shekau died during the violence in

2009.

2013 ( MAY ) Nigerian governmental forces launched an

offensive in the Borno region in an attempt to

dislodge Boko Haram fighters after a state of

emergency was called on May 14.

15 April 2014 Chibok kidnapping:terrorists abducted about

276 female students from a college in Chibok in

Borno state.

20 May 2014 Jos Bombings:, a total of two bombs in the city

of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, were detonated,

resulting in the deaths of at least 118 people and

the injury of more than 56 others.

The conflict has seen numerous human rights abuses conducted by the Nigerian security forces, in an effort to control the violence, as well as their encouragement of the formation of numerous vigilante groups (for example, the Civilian Joint Task Force).

A military Joint Task Amnesty International has accused the Nigerian government of human rights abuses after 950 suspected Boko Harām militants died in detention facilities run by Nigeria Force in the first half of 2013.

Boko Haram often engages in kidnapping young girls for use as cooks, in forced marriage; the most famous example being the Chibok kidnapping in 2014.

In addition to kidnapping child brides, Human Rights Watch states that Boko Harām uses child soldiers, including 12-year-olds.

This was done in nigeria which actually was against the human rights.

Therefore they can try to solve the problem

by forming a constitution which gives equal

power to everyone

Every difficult task has a simple solution

Everyone should think themselves as

Nigerians & not as single and exclusive

members

This can lead them to solve their conflicts

Krithik

JainSatyam

Karthik

Gupta R.Arjun

SaravanaKirthi varmanShreyans

Jain