CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY

THE INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

and

THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SHELL

AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES CONFERENCE ADVISORY BOARD

Dr Michael Barnes, The City University, London, U.K.

Dr Jan Bobrowski, Jan Bobrowski and Partners, Twickenharn, U.K.

Dr J. W. Butterworth, Department of Civil

Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Dr J. F. Dickie, Simon Engineering

Laboratories

Dr E. Hinton, University College of

Swansea, University of Wales, Swansea, U.K.

Professor M Kawaguchi, Department of Architecture, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan.

Ian Liddell, Buro Happold, Bath, U.K.

Professor L. M. Ortega, Secretary IASS, Madrid, Spain,

Dr M. N. Pavlovic, Imperial College of Science

and Techology, London, U.K.

Peter Rice, Ove Arup & Partners, London, U.K.

University of Manchester, Professor Z. S. Makowski, Manchester, U.K. Space Structures Research Dr B. H. V. Topping,

Department of Civil Centre,

Brian Foster, University of Surrey, Engineering, Ove Arup & Partners, Guildford, U.K. University of Edinburgh, London, U.K. U.K.

Professor J. Francois Gabriel, Dr R. E. McConnel, University of Cambridge, Professor Y. Tsuboi,

School of Architecture, Cambridge, U.K. Tsuboi Institute,

Syracuse University, Tokyo, New York, U.S.A. Japan.

Dr S. J. Medwadowski, Professor John S. Gero, Consulting Structural Department of Architectural Engineer, George Wemyss,

Science, San Franciso, Geospace Designs, Ltd., University of Sydney, California, Edinburgh, Sydney, Australia. U.S.A. U.K.

PROCEEDINGS of

THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on

THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION of

NON-CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES

Volume 1

Edited by B. H. V. TOPPING

published by

10 Saxe-Coburg Place E din bu rgh

O Civil-Comp Limited

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Conference on the Design and Construction of Non-conventional Structures (1 987 : London). Non-conventional structures : the proceedings of the International Conference on the Design and Construction of Non-conventional Structures. l . Structural design I. Title 11. Topping, B. H. V. 624.1'.771 TA658 ISBN 0-948749-07-5 ISBN 0-948749-08-3 V. l

The International Conference on the Design and Construction of Non-Conventional Structures was held 8th-10th December, 1987 at The Institution of Civil Engineers London

Printed in Scotland

by MEIGLE PRINTERS Market Street, Galashiels

CONTENTS Page

I - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THE AESTHETICS OF NON-CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES A. Holgate, BScEng (Lond), MICE, MIEAust., Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Australia INSIDE OUTWARD STRUCTURES OR HOW TO ARRIVE AT HIGH-TECH Mick Eekhout,

...................................................... Octatube Space Structures, Delft, The Netherlands THE GAIA BUILDING SYSTEM (GBS) Peter Schmid, University Professor Mag. Arch. Engr., Architectural Completion Milieu Integration AM, Department Architecture & Urbanistics BAU, Faculty of Architecture & Building Sciences B, Eindhoven University of Technology TUE The Netherlands .....................................................................................................

I1 - PROFESSIONAL AND CONTRACTURAL ISSUES CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR UNCONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES

............................................................. R. H. Webster, Buro Happold, Bath, England

I11 - STEEL STRUCTURES SOLAR POWER PLANTS WITH METAL MEMBRANE CONCENTRATORS Jorg Schlaich and Rainer Benz, Schlaich und Partner, Consulting Engineers, Stuttgart, West Germany CABLE STAYED ROOFS FOR SHOPPING CENTRES AT NANTES AND EPONE P. R. Rice, J. A. Thornton and E. A. R. Lenczner, Ove Arup and Partners, London, England TOWARD THE DESIGN LIMIT OF STEEL SILOS Dr M. J. Blackler and Dr J. G. M. Wood,

............................... Mott Hay and Anderson, Consulting Engineers, Croydon, England STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALL DESIGNS R. G. Troy, Consulting Engineer, Conoga Park, California and Professor R. M. Richard, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering

....................... Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America THE BIOCLIMATIC FACADES OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL MUSEUM OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY AT LA VILLETTE, PARIS H. Bardsley and P. Rice, Ove

........................................................................ Arup and Partners, London, England STEEL FRAMED HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID STRUCTURES Professor J. E. Gibson, DSc, FIStructE, FICE, CEng, Department of Civil Engineering, The City University, London, England COMPOSITE COLUMNS OF CONCENTRIC STEEL TUBES H. Shakir-Khalil, BSc(Eng), MSc, PhD, CEng, MIStructE, and S. Illouli, BSc, Civil Engineering Department, University

........................................................................................... of Manchester, England

IV - CONCRETE STRUCTURES THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PRECAST HANGAR STRUCTURE

.......................................... Dr Gian Carlo Giuliani, Consulting Engineer, Milano, Italy DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS

.......... Jorge de Brito and F. A. Branco, CMEST, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS IN A HYDROPOWER STATION K. B. Davies and L. F.

........................................... Hijna, Delta Marine Consultants, Gouda, The Netherlands

V - TIMBER STRUCTURES A SCHOOL FOR WOODLAND INDUSTRY - a study in the engineering use of green roundwood timber Professor Edmund Happold, Buro Happold & University of Bath,

................... Michael Dickson and Ian Sutherland, Buro Happold, Bath, England WIRE BINDING TECHNIQUE FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES OF ROUNDWOOD Pieter Huybers, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands .......................................................................................... NEW STRUCTURAL POSSIBILITIES IN COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF TIMBER, STEEL AND PLASTICS Ole Vanggaard, Institute of Building Technology, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, Denmark ..................................... FORMFINDING AND DETERMINATION OF WORKING DRAWINGS FOR A HEALTH SPA IN BAD DURRHEIM (WEST GERMANY) L. Griindig and K. Linkwitz with J. Bahndorf, D. Strobel, Institute of Applications of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, West Germany ...........................................................

V1 - SPACE STRUCTURES: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SPACE FRAME VERSUS CONVENTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS: COMPARISON THROUGH ANALOGIES R. G. Satterwhite, Architect, Triangle Works, Seattle, Washington,

.......................................................................................... United States of America POLYHEDRA IN ARCHITECTURE J. Francois Gabriel, School of Architecture, Syracuse

......................................................... University, New York, United States of America

V11 - SPACE AND GRID STRUCTURES OVERALL BUCKLING OF SPACEDOMES M. Kashani and J. G. A. Croll, Department of

............................................... Civil Engineering, University College, London, England STEEL ROOF STRUCTURE: DOUBLE LAYERED SPACE GRID OF LENTOID SHAPE J. Dohnal MSc, F. Hoder, MSc, PhD and R. Russ, MSc, PhD, Chemoprojekt, The Engineering Design and Consulting Corporation, Brno, Czechoslovakia ...........................................

V111 SHELL AND PLATE STRUCTUES THIN SHELL STRUCTURES USING INFLATED FORMS & TECHNIQUES Phillip J.

............. Vittore, H. P. Domes Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States of America RESPONSE OF ECHINODOMES TO ASYMMETRIC LOADING R. Royles, BSc(Eng), PhD, CEng, MICE, MIStructE, FBSSM, Department of Civil Engineering and Building Science, University of Edinburgh J. M. Llambias, BSc(Eng), PhD, Dynamics Division, National Nuclear Corporation Limited, Knutsford, England and K. M. El-Deeb, BSc(Eng), Department of Civil Engineering and Building Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland ............................ THE ANALYSES OF LIQUID STORAGE TANK Huang Yih and Guo Renjun, Xian Institute of Metallurgy and Construction Engineering, Xian, Shensi, The People's Republic of China FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID SHELLS Dr A. B. Sabir and H. F. S. El-Erris, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University College,

......................................................................................................... Cardiff, Wales GEOMETRICALLY AND MATERIALLY NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SHELL STRUCTURES Dr A. J. Kent, Finite Element Analysis Ltd., Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey U.K. and Dr E. Hinton, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, U.K. ................................................................................. FINITE ELEMENT AND PHYSICAL MODELLING OF A TRIANGULARLY FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURE M. Nkansah and G. Singh, Department of Civil Engineering, University of

....................................................................................................... Leeds, England

IX - LATTICE SHELL STRUCTURES INVERTED LATTICE SHELL ROOF, TSIM SHA TSUI CULTURAL CENTRE, HONG KONG: DESIGN T. A. Ealey, MSc, DIC, MICE, MIStructE., Buro Happold and Ho-Happold, P. Kelly, MSc, MICE, MIStructE, and D. S. Wakefield, BSc, PhD, Buro Happold, Bath, England INVERTED LATTICE SHELL ROOF, TSIM SHA TSUI CULTURAL CENTRE, HONG KONG: CONSTRUCTION J. Morrison and M. J. Cook, Buro Happold, Bath, England . PLATE-DOMES Ture Wester, MSc, Architectural School, Department of Structural Science,

........................................................................................................... Copenhagen

X - LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES RECENT LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES IN AUSTRALIA V. F. J. Sedlak, DiplIng, MPhil, Lightweight Structures Research Unit, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW,

................................................................................................................ Australia BRACED TENSILE STRUCTURES - Some standard and non-standard solutions H. J. Schock, Stromeyer & Wagner, Konstanz, West Germany ...................................... DESIGN METHODS USING PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS AS ANALOG COMPUTERS - Some examples illustrating the work of the Institute for Lightweight Structures, using self organizing physical processes to define the optimum shape of the Natural Structures Siegfried GaO, Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL), University of Stuttgart, West Germany ABOUT THE PRINZIP LEICHTBAU - Comments on Theoretical Principles of Lightweight Structures related to Objects in Nature, Structural Efliciency and a Philosophical Perspective Jurgen W. Hennicke, Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL), University of Stuttgart, West Germany ................................................................................................................

Page

XI - LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES: WIND LOADING Page WIND EFFECTS ON LIGHT-WEIGHT NON-CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES: BARREL VAULTS Dr N. Toy and B. Tahouri, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, England ................................................................................................. WIND AND INTERNAL AIR MODELLING IN PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES T. L. Krakowska and M. R. Barnes, Department of Civil Engineering, The City University,

.................................................................................................... London, England

XI1 - MEMBRANE STRUCTURES SOME RECENT MEMBRANE STRUCTURES J. Schlaich, R. Bergermann, J. Seidel, W.

................ Sobek, Schlaich und Partner, Consulting Engineers, Stuttgart, West Germany STRATEGIES FOR FORMFINDING AND DESIGN OF CUTTING PATTERNS FOR LARGE SENSITIVE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES K. Linkwitz and L. Griindig with J. Bahndorf, M. Neureither, D. Strobel, Institute for Applications of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, West

................................................................................................................ Germany ....... A COVERED CITY IN THE ARCTIC W. I. Liddell, Buro Happold, Bath, England

FORM-FINDING AND ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESSED NETS AND MEMBRANES ... M. R. Barnes, Department of Civil Engineering, The City University, London, England

GENERALIZED THEORY FOR SHAPE DETERMINATION OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURES - On the analytical method for the process from an initially unsta b k state to a finally stable state Nobuyuki Ataka, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama

....................................................... National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Japan AN ANALYSIS OF A TENT-ROOF WITH CABLE CONTOUR R. Oras, Tallinn Technical

.................................................................................... University, Tallinn, U. S. S.R. FABRIC DAMS FOR THE RHEIN MAIN DONAU CANAL W. I. Liddell, Buro Happold, Bath, England .........................................................................................................