conference program - carnegie endowment for international peace

MARK HIBBS Berlin

SHAHRAM CHUBINGeneva

The Carnegie nUCLear POLiCY PrOgram is an internationally

acclaimed source of expertise and policy thinking on nuclear industry,

nonproliferation, security, and disarmament. Its multinational staff stays

at the forefront of nuclear policy issues in the United States, Russia,

China, Northeast Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East.

NUCLEAR EXPERTISE FROM THE GLOBAL THINK TANK

GEORGE PERKOVICHWashington DC

JAMES M. ACTONWashington DC

TOBY DALTON Washington DC

DMITRI TRENIN Moscow

ALEXEI ARBATOVMoscow

PIERRE GOLDSCHMIDTBrussels

LORA SAALMANBeijing

PAUL SCHULTE London

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NWWashington, D.C. 20036United StatesP +1 202 483 7600 F +1 202 483 1840CarnegieEndowment.org

CARNEGIE MOSCOW CENTERTverskaya, 16/2125009 MoscowRussiaP +7 495 935 8904 F +7 495 935 8906Carnegie.ru

CARNEGIE–TSINGHUA CENTER FOR GLOBAL POLICYNo. 1 East Zhongguancun Street Building 1Tsinghua University Science ParkInnovation Tower, Room B1202CHaidian District Beijing 100084ChinaP +86 10 8215 0178 F +86 10 6270 3536CarnegieTsinghua.org

CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTEREmir Bechir Street, Lazarieh TowerBldg. No. 2026 1210, 5th flr.P.O. Box 11-1061Downtown Beirut, LebanonP +961 1 99 12 91 F +961 1 99 15 91Carnegie–MEC.org

CARNEGIE EUROPERue du Congrès 151000 Brussels, BelgiumP +32 2735 5650 F +32 2736 6222CarnegieEurope.eu

ARIEL LEVITETel Aviv

New Actors, New chAlleNges

irAN ANd theNext irAN JApAN

NucleAr crisis

the globAl NucleAr

fuel cycle stAbilityAt low Numbers

whAt’s Next After New stArt

exteNded deterreNce

iNNovAtiNgNucleAr goverNANce

middle eAst wmd

free ZoNe

2011 Carnegie international nuClear PoliCy ConferenCe

29145CEIP_Cover.indd 1 3/22/11 6:34 AM

2011

Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference

March 28–29, 2011

Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade CenterWashington, D.C.

2 c a r n e g i e i n t e r n a t i o n a l

s p e c i a l t h a n k s

This conference and the nuclear policy work of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace are made possible through the generous support of our funders.

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs

New-Land Foundation

Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ploughshares Fund

Prospect Hill Foundation

Sloan Foundation

Stanton Foundation

U.K. Foreign and Commonwealth Office

U.S. Department of State

The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

n u c l e a r p o l i c y c o n f e r e n c e 3

Contents

Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center Map 7

General Information 8

Conference Agenda 9

Conference Panels and Panelist Biographies 12

Exhibitors 47

Participant List 48

About the Carnegie Endowment 61

About the Nuclear Policy Program 62

Carnegie Staff Biographies 63

NUCLEAR POLICY | MARCH 2011

GAMBIT OR ENDGAME? The New State of Arms Control and Prospects for the Future

Alexei Arbatov

FEBRUARY 2011

CHINA & THE U.S. NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW Lora Saalman

JAMES M. ACT0N

LOWNUMBERS

A PRACTICAL PATH TO DEEP NUCLEAR REDUCTIONS

OUTER SPACE WEAPONS, DIPLOMACY, AND SECURITY

AlExEi ARbATOv AND vlAdimiR dvORkin, EDITORS

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The world faces numerous security concerns—from nuclear proliferation to terrorism to climate change—that cannot be resolved by one nation alone. And unilateral military force will not defeat transnational threats. In this era of global challenges, one issue requires urgent attention that is “out of this world”: the militarization of space.

In Outer Space: Weapons, Diplomacy, and Security, leading Russian experts analyze the space weapons programs of world powers. As countries try to avoid a catastrophic new arms race in space, the book details the political, military, tech-nical, and legal problems confronting negotiators attempting to prevent—or at least control—the weaponization of space.

Alexei Arbatov is a senior scholar and chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center and head of the Center for International Security at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences.

vladimir dvorkin is principal researcher at the Center for International Security at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of World Economy and International Relations and former director of the Defense Ministry’s Central Research Institute in Moscow.

GAMBIT OR ENDGAME?The New State of ArmsControl and Prospectsfor the FutureAlexei Arbatov

CHINA & THE U.S. NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEWLora Saalman

LOW NUMBERS A Practical Path to DeepNuclear ReductionsJames M. Acton

OUTER SPACE Weapons Diplomacy, and SecurityAlexei Arbatov, Vladimir Dvorkin

GET THE LATEST ANAYLSIS FROM

THE GLOBAL THINK TANK

Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete look at Carnegie’s latest policy briefs, reports, books, and events.

LATEST ANALYSIS FROM THE NUCLEAR POLICY PROGRAM

irana view from

moscow

1irana View From moscow

Dmitri trenin and

Alexey mAlAshenko



CARNEGIE–TSINGHUA CENTER FOR GLOBAL POLICYNo. 1 East Zhongguancun Street, Building 1Tsinghua University Science ParkInnovation Tower, Room B1202CHaidian District, Beijing 100084ChinaP +86 10 8215 0178 F +86 10 6270 3536CarnegieTsinghua.org

CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTEREmir Bechir Street, Lazarieh TowerBldg. No. 2026 1210, 5th fl r.P.O. Box 11-1061Downtown BeirutLebanonP +961 1 99 12 91 F +961 1 99 15 91Carnegie–MEC.org

CARNEGIE EUROPERue du Congrès 151000 BrusselsBelgiumP +32 2735 5650 F +32 2736 6222CarnegieEurope.eu

dogfight!India’s M

edium M

ulti-Role Com

bat Aircraft D

ecision Ashley J. Tellis

the arcticA View From moscow

Dmitri trenin and Pavel k. baev

READING KHAMENEI:THE WORLD VIEWOF IRAN’S MOSTPOWERFUL LEADER

BY KARIM SADJADPOUR

NEW F

OREWORD

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE 1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW Washington, D.C. 20036United States Phone: +1 202 483 7600 Fax: +1 202 483 1840 [email protected]

CARNEGIE MOSCOW CENTERTverskaya, 16/2125009, Moscow RussiaPhone: +7 495 935 8904Fax: +7 495 935 [email protected]

CARNEGIE–TSINGHUA CENTER FOR GLOBAL POLICYNo. 1 East Zhongguancun Street, Building 1 Tsinghua University Science Park (TUS Park) Innovation Tower, Room B1202CHaidian District, Beijing 100084China Phone: +86 10 8215 0178Fax: +86 10 6270 3536www.CarnegieTsinghua.org

CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTER Emir Bechir Street, Lazarieh Tower Bldg. No. 2026 1210, 5th fl r.P.O. Box 11-1061 Downtown BeirutLebanon Phone: +961 1 99 14 91 Fax: +961 1 99 15 91 [email protected]

CARNEGIE EUROPERue du Congrès 151000 BrusselsBelgiumPhone: +32 2739 0053 Fax: +32 2736 [email protected]

AfghAnistAnA View From moscow

Dmitri trenin and Alexei mAlAshenko

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE 1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW Washington, D.C. 20036United States Phone: +1 202 483 7600 Fax: +1 202 483 1840 [email protected]

CARNEGIE MOSCOW CENTERTverskaya, 16/2125009, Moscow RussiaPhone: +7 495 935 8904Fax: +7 495 935 [email protected]

CARNEGIE–TSINGHUA CENTER FOR GLOBAL POLICYNo. 1 East Zhongguancun Street, Building 1 Tsinghua University Science Park (TUS Park) Innovation Tower, Room B1202CHaidian District, Beijing 100084China Phone: +86 10 8275 0178Fax: +86 10 6270 3536CarnegieTsinghua.org

CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTER Emir Bechir Street, Lazarieh Tower Bldg. No. 2026 1210, 5th fl r.P.O. Box 11-1061 Downtown BeirutLebanon Phone: +961 1 99 12 91 Fax: +961 1 99 15 91 [email protected]

CARNEGIE EUROPERue du Congrès 151000 BrusselsBelgiumPhone: +32 2739 0053 Fax: +32 2736 [email protected]

Abolishing Nuclear Weapons a debateGeorge Perkovich and James M. Acton editors

Sameh Aboul-Enein

James E. Doyle

Lawrence Freedman

Ian Hore-Lacy

Patricia Lewis

Zia Mian

Frank Miller

Harald Müller

Pan Zhenqiang

V. R. Raghavan

Brad Roberts

Scott D. Sagan

Takaya Suto

Jonathan Schell

Bruno Tertrais

Hirofumi Tosaki

Achilles Zaluar

Ernesto Zedillo

THE EURO IN CRISIS

URI DADUSH AND CONTRIBUTORS

PARADIGM LOST

INDISPENSABLE INSTITUTIONSThe Obama-Medvedev Commission and Five Decades of U.S.-Russia Dialogue

MATTHEW ROJANSKY

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE1779 Massachusetts Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20036United States

Phone: +1 202 483 7600

Fax: +1 202 483 1840

www.CarnegieEndowment.org

[email protected]

CARNEGIE MOSCOW CENTERTverskaya, 16/2125009, MoscowRussiaPhone: +7 495 935 8904Fax: +7 495 935 [email protected]

CARNEGIE–TSINGHUA CENTER FOR GLOBAL POLICYNo. 1 East Zhongguancun Street, Building 1Tsinghua University Science Park (TUS Park)Innovation Tower, Room B1202CHaidian District, Beijing 100084ChinaPhone: +86 10 8215 0178Fax: +86 10 6270 3536www.CarnegieTsinghua.org

CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTEREmir Bechir Street, Lazarieh TowerBldg. no. 2026 1210, 5th fl r.P.O. Box 11-1061Downtown BeirutLebanonPhone: +961 1 99 14 91Fax: +961 1 99 15 [email protected]

CARNEGIE EUROPERue du Congrès 151000 BrusselsBelgiumPhone: +32 2739 0053Fax: +32 2736 [email protected]

INDISPENSABLE INSTITUTIONS: THE OBAMA-MEDVEDEV COMMISSION AND FIVE DECADES OF U.S.-RUSSIA DIALOGUE ROJANSKY

DOGFIGHT! Ashley J. Tellis

A VIEW FROM MOSCOW SERIESIran, Afghanistan, and The Arctic Dmitri Trenin, Alexey Malashenko

READING KHAMENEIKarim Sadjadpour

TOWARD REALISTIC U.S.-INDIA RELATIONS George Perkovich

INDISPENSIBLE INSTITUTIONSMatthew Rojansky

AFGHANISTAN AT THE BREAKING POINT Gilles Dorronsorro

ABOLISHING NUCLEAR WEAPONS: A DEBATE George Perkovich, James M. Acton, et. al

YEMEN ON THE BRINKChristopher Boucek,Marina Ottaway

BETWEEN RELIGION AND POLITICS Nathan J. Brown, Amr Hamzawy

PARADIGM LOST: THE EURO IN CRISISUri Dadush

MORE FROM CARNEGIE


March 28, 2011

Dear Colleague,

Welcome. We gather at a critical time for the nuclear policy community. While renewed leadership and impressive accomplishments—like New START—inspire hope that states can cooperate to enhance security and eliminate nuclear weapons, the nonproliferation regime continues to wrestle with internal divisions and changing nuclear threats. Potential benefits of nuclear energy have excited many, but there are significant doubts about whether a nuclear “renaissance” is at hand. The unprecedented earthquake and tsunami in Japan demonstrated the great care, skill, and infrastructure necessary to safely manage not only nuclear power plants, but all facets of nuclear energy, including weapons. The nuclear disaster in Japan will re-raise profound questions at the heart of the global nuclear order. It is more important than ever before to think creatively about how best to manage challenges that are evolving.

This year’s conference focuses on new actors and new agendas, reflecting the dynamism of the global nuclear order and the need to develop cooperative responses to challenges being posed by changing technology, distributions of political power, interest in nuclear energy, and security conditions in key regions. We will explore the motivations and interests that shape the positions that emerging major powers from the developing world are taking regarding the core bargains of the nonproliferation regime. This year’s conference also gives more prominent treatment to the role of private industry in making nuclear technology safer and more secure. We will have a plenary devoted specifically to the implications of the nuclear disaster in Japan.

The 2011 conference features new perspectives and new voices from around the globe. With over 700 participants from more than 40 countries—including high-ranking government officials, policy and technical experts, industry leaders, academics, and journalists—this conference has truly convened the best international thinkers on nuclear issues. Carnegie’s commitment to providing a forum for developing multinational approaches to nuclear policy emerges from our mission as a global think tank. As we celebrate our Centennial this year, we have thriving offices in Washington, D.C., Moscow, Beijing, Beirut, and Brussels, and pride ourselves on bringing practical solutions to difficult policy challenges based on international perspectives, rather than simply offering Washington’s view of the world.

Your presence allows us to provide an unparalleled platform to explore the future of nuclear policy. Thank you for your attendance, and we hope you enjoy the conference.

Sincerely,

Jessica T. Mathews


r o n a l D r e a g a n B u i l D i n g a n D i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a D e c e n t e r M a p


General Informationr e g i s t r a t i o n h o u r sAll participants must be registered to attend the Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference. Attendees may pick up badge and conference materials at the conference registration desk located in the Amphitheater Foyer. Presenters and attendees must wear badges during the conference. Registration hours are Monday, 8:00 am to 5:30 pm and Tuesday, 7:15 am to 3:30 pm.

M e e t i n g r o o M l o c a t i o n sThe Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference will hold all conference events at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center (ITC).

Plenary Sessions Amphitheater Concourse LevelLuncheons and Welcome Reception Atrium Ballroom Concourse LevelConcurrent Panels Amphitheater Concourse Level Polaris Concourse Level Horizon Ground FloorProliferation Café Meridian C Concourse LevelClosing Reception Polaris Concourse Level

p r e s s D e s kThe Carnegie Endowment’s communications staff will be available to assist the press with interviews, logistics, and press packages. The Press Desk is located in the Amphitheater Foyer, near registration.

p r o l i f e r a t i o n c a f é — M e r i D i a n cThe Proliferation Café is a quiet place for attendees to meet and relax between sessions. Internet access is available.

B u s i n e s s c e n t e rThe ITC operates a full-service business center located on the Concourse Level. The business center is open from 7:30 am to 5:30 pm Monday through Friday. The business center fax number is (202) 312-1390, and the phone number is (202) 312-1316.

i n t e r n e t s e r v i c eWiFi services are available in all public areas of the building. To gain access to ITC wireless, select “AWOW Reagan Ctr” SSID signal from your WiFi-compatible device. Customer Support is available at (866) 776-5851. The ITC business center also provides internet access for a fee.

p u B l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o nThe ITC is accessible by subway and bus. Please exit the METRO Blue/Orange Line at the Federal Triangle stop or the Red Line at the Metro Center stop. For more information concerning routing and schedules, call (202) 312-1300 or visit www.wmata.com.

p a r k i n gPublic parking is available in the ITC underground garage. Public access is available via 13 ½ Street off Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. and via 14th Street from 5:00 am to 2:00 am. Please allow extra time as all guests and vehicles are screened upon entry. Parking rates range from $8.00 for 1 hour to $22 for over 10 hours to close. The maximum overhead clearance in the garage is 7 feet.

g e n e r a l i n f o r M a t i o n


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Conference Agendacarnegie international nuclear policy conferenceronald reagan Building and international trade centerWashington, D.c.

MonDay, March 28, 2011 8:00 am registration and continental Breakfast Amphitheater Foyer

9:00 am–9:10 am Welcome and opening remarks Amphitheater Jessica T. Mathews, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

9:10 am–10:20 am keynote: reconciling interestsAmphitheater Ambassador Celso Amorim, former Minister of External Affairs, Brazil

10:20 am–10:50 am Break

10:50 am–12:30 pm implications of Japan’s nuclear DisasterAmphitheater Chair: Ariel Levite, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace George Apostolakis, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Vallampadugai Arunachalam, Center for Study of Science, Technology, and Policy Mark Hibbs, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Richard Meserve, Carnegie Institution for Science Irving Rotter, Sidley Austin, LLP

12:30 pm–2:00 pm keynote: atoms for peaceAtrium Ballroom Andreas Widl, CEO, Oerlikon Leybold Vaccum

Monday Afternoon Concurrent Panels

2:00 pm–3:30 pm taking compliance seriously: iran and the next iranAmphitheater Chair: Martin Briens, Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations Robert Einhorn, U.S. Department of State Mark Fitzpatrick, International Institute for Strategic Studies Ambassador Peter Jenkins, Geneva Center for Security Policy

2:00 pm–3:30 pm comprehensive test Ban treaty: What now?Polaris Chair: Rebecca Johnson, Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy Vallampadugai Arunachalam, former Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of India Timothy Morrison, Office of U.S. Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ) *speaking in a personal capacity Andreas Persbo, Verification Research, Training and Information Center


2:00 pm–3:30 pm safeguarding the nuclear renaissanceHorizon Chair: Pierre Goldschmidt, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Jill Cooley, International Atomic Energy Agency Olli Heinonen, Harvard University Roger Howsley, World Institute for Nuclear Security

3:30 pm–4:00 pm Break

4:00 pm–5:20 pm Deep reductions: stability at low numbersAmphitheater Chair: Franklin Miller, Scowcroft Group James Acton, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Alexei Arbatov, Carnegie Moscow Center Bin Li, Tsinghua University/Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

4:00 pm–5:20 pm Destination unknown: Where is the global nuclear fuel cycle headingPolaris Chair: Mark Hibbs, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Stephen Goldberg, Argonne National Laboratory Mujid Kazimi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Philip Sewell, United States Enrichment Corporation

4:00 pm–5:20 pm nuclear risk reduction in south asia after MumbaiHorizon Chair: Peter Lavoy, Office of the Director of National Intelligence Michael Krepon, The Henry L. Stimson Center Vipin Narang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Moeed Yusuf, United States Institute of Peace

5:30 pm–8:00 pm Welcome receptionAtrium Ballroom Sponsored in part by the Scoville Peace Fellowship

t u e s D a y , M a r c h 2 9 , 2 0 1 1

7:15 am registration and continental BreakfastAmphitheater Foyer

8:00 am–8:50 am keynoteAmphitheater Senator Jon Kyl, U.S. Senator representing Arizona

9:00 am–10:30 am innovating nuclear governance Amphitheater Chair: Deepti Choubey, Nuclear Threat Initiative Ariel Levite, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Oliver Thränert, German Institute for International and Security Affairs William Walker, University of Saint Andrews

9:00 am–10:30 am u.s. nuclear cooperation: how and With Whom?Polaris Chair: Mark Hibbs, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Ambassador Hamad Alkaabi, Embassy of the United Arab Emirates Scott Snyder, The Asia Foundation Richard Stratford, U.S. Department of State



9:00 am–10:30 am two triads: india-pakistan-china and china-u.s.-russia Horizon Chair: Toby Dalton, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Hua Han, Peking University Syed Rifaat Hussain, Quaid-i-Azam University Sergey Rogov, Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies Ashley Tellis, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

10:30 am–11:00 am Break

11:00 am–12:30 pm a Middle east WMD free Zone conference: preparing for successAmphitheater Chair: Alison Kelly, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ireland General Shlomo Brom, Institute for National Security Studies Ambassador Seyed Hossein Mousavian, Princeton University Ambassador Khaled Shamaa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Egypt

11:00 am–12:30 pm extended Deterrence and the 21st century Polaris Chair: Paul Schulte, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Ken Jimbo, Keio University Łukasz Kulesa, National Security Bureau, Poland Sinan Ülgen, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

11:00 am–12:30 pm the future of the nuclear suppliers groupHorizon Chair: Joan Rohlfing, Nuclear Threat Initiative John Carlson, Nuclear Threat Initiative Richard Goorevich, U.S. Department of Energy Henk Cor van der Kwast, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands

12:30 pm–2:00 pm luncheon keynote: Darkness Before Dawn? the future of pakistanAtrium Ballroom Javed Jabbar, former Minister and Senator, Pakistan

2:30 pm–3:45 pm What’s next after new start?Amphitheater Chair: Ambassador Linton Brooks Assistant Secretary Rose Gottemoeller, U.S. Department of State Ambassador Sergey Kislyak, Embassy of the Russian Federation

3:45 pm–5:00 pm keynote Amphitheater Thomas Donilon, U.S. National Security Advisor, Executive Office of the President

5:00 pm–5:10 pm closing remarks Amphitheater

5:10 pm–6:30 pm closing receptionPolaris Sponsored by the Nuclear Threat Initiative


c o n f e r e n c e p a n e l s a n D p a n e l i s t B i o g r a p h i e s


Conference Panels and Panelist Biographies

Morning Plenaries

k e y n o t e : r e c o n c i l i n g i n t e r e s t sMonday, March 28 9:10 amAmphitheater

aMBassaDor celso aMoriM, former Minister of External Relations, Brazil

Reflecting this conference’s theme of new actors and new agendas, we begin with a conversation with Brazil’s former Minister of External Relations, Ambassador Celso Amorim, who will explore how the nuclear nonproliferation regime fits into the broader dynamic of international relations. How can or should the interests of established nuclear-weapon states be reconciled with the interests and perspectives of emerging major powers such as Brazil? What kind of nuclear order does Brazil want, and what does its uranium enrichment program say about Brazil’s vision? What lessons should be drawn from the Iran-Turkey-Brazil negotiations that produced the May 2010 Tehran Declaration? ambassador celso amorim was the Minister of External Relations under President Itamar Franco (1993–1994) and President Lula (2003–2010), making him Brazil’s longest-serving Minister of External Relations. Among his several Ambassadorial posts, he served as the Permanent Representative of Brazil to the United Nations and other international organizations, including the World Trade Organization and the Conference on Disarmament (New York, 1995–1999; Geneva, 1991–1993 and 1999–2001). He was also Brazil’s Ambassador in London (2001–2002).

In recognition of his dedication to international public service, Ambassador Amorim has received several national and foreign decorations and prizes. Recently, Bravo Business magazine elected Ambassador Amorim one of the Most Innovative Leaders in 2010. Foreign Policy magazine ranked him 6th among 100 top Global Thinkers in 2010.

Ambassador Amorim graduated from the Rio Branco Institute, the prestigious Brazilian Diplomatic Academy, and did his post-graduate work at both the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna and the London School of Economics and Political Science. Having a lifelong interest in academic life, Ambassador Amorim remains a faculty member at the University of Rio de Janeiro and the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of São Paulo.



i M p l i c a t i o n s o f J a p a n ’ s n u c l e a r D i s a s t e rMonday, Mach 2810:50 amAmphitheater

chair: ariel levite, Carnegie Endowment for International Peacegeorge apostolakis, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionvallaMpaDugai arunachalaM, Center for Study of Science, Technology, and PolicyMark hiBBs, Carnegie Endowment for International PeacericharD Meserve, Carnegie Institution for Scienceirving rotter, Sidley Austin, LLP

ariel levite is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Tel Aviv, Israel. Earlier, Levite was the Principal Deputy Director-General for Policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (2002–2007), a Visiting Fellow at the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) (2000–2002), the Deputy Israeli National Security Advisor (Defense Policy; 1999–2000), and the Head of the Bureau of International Security at the Israeli Ministry of Defense. Before his government service, Levite worked as a Senior Research Associate at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. He has authored numerous books and articles on issues of strategy, military doctrine, deterrence, arms control, proliferation, and intelligence. He holds a Ph.D. in Government from Cornell University.

george apostolakis was sworn in as a Commissioner of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on April 23, 2010, to a term ending on June 30, 2014. Before joining the NRC, he was the Korea Electric Power Corporation Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering and a Professor of Engineering Systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was also a member and former chairman of the statutory Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards of the NRC. Dr. Apostolakis received his diploma in Electrical Engineering from the National Technical University in Athens, Greece in 1969. He earned a master’s degree in Engineering Science in 1970 and a Ph.D. in Engineering Science and Applied Mathematics in 1973, both from the California Institute of Technology.

vallampadugai arunachalam is a Chairman of the Center for Study of Science, Technology, and Policy, a Bengaluru-based think tank. He was previously the Science Advisor to five Prime Ministers and ten Defense Ministers of India, heading the country’s consortium of defense laboratories and programs, including on strategic systems. During his tenure, he initiated several major programs in missile technologies, light combat aircraft, and other defense hardware, as well as numerous projects on technology and education for national development. Arunachalam is the recipient of many national honors, including Padma Vibhushan. He continues to be a Distinguished Service Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, where he spent over a decade teaching.



Mark hibbs is a Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Bonn, Germany. Before joining Carnegie, and for over 20 years, he was an editor and correspondent for the nuclear energy publications published by the Platts division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, including Nucleonics Week and Nuclear Fuel. Hibbs started at McGraw-Hill as the European Editor, then became Editor for Asia-Pacific, and finally, Senior Correspondent. From the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, he covered nuclear developments in the Soviet bloc, including research on the Soviet Union’s nuclear fuel cycle facilities and its nuclear materials inventories. Recently, his work has focused on emerging nuclear programs in Asia, including China and India. Since 2003, he has made many detailed findings about clandestine procurement in Europe related to gas centrifuge uranium enrichment programs in Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Pakistan.

richard Meserve became the ninth President of the Carnegie Institution in April 2003, after stepping down as Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). As Chairman of the NRC, Meserve served as the principal executive officer of the federal agency with responsibility for ensuring the public health and safety in the operation of nuclear power plants and in the usage of nuclear materials. He served as Chairman under both Presidents Clinton and Bush and led the NRC in responding to the terrorism threat that came to the fore after the 9/11 attacks. Before joining the NRC, Meserve was a Partner in the Washington, D.C., law firm of Covington & Burling LLP, and he now serves as Senior of Counsel to the firm. Meserve received his bachelor’s degree from Tufts University in 1966, his law degree from Harvard University in 1975, and his doctorate degree in Applied Physics from Stanford in 1976.

irving rotter is a Partner in the New York office of Sidley Austin, LLP. He has represented buyers and sellers in mergers and acquisitions; developers, lenders, and equity participants in project finance transactions; and lenders and financial institutions in banking and corporate finance transactions. Rotter also has extensive experience representing lenders and borrowers in restructuring energy, alternative energy, and biofuels projects. Rotter’s corporate finance experience includes representing lenders and borrowers in numerous senior and mezzanine finance transactions involving the energy, media, telecommunications, tool and die, construction, and manufacturing industries. Rotter served as a law clerk to the Honorable William C. Canby, Jr., United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.



Luncheon Keynote

atoMs for peaceMonday, March 2812:30 pmAtrium Ballroom

anDreas WiDl, Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum

International laws and policies require industry to comply with nonproliferation regulations by all means. Corporate responsibility, however, goes far beyond pure legal compliance and relies on self-triggered caution and restraint toward questionable business as well as building partnerships with governmental authorities and international bodies alike. Pro-active information sharing with government authorities and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), without putting political and commercial interests first, is a pragmatic approach to preventing WMD and missile proliferation in sensitive countries. “Atoms for peace” is, therefore, a responsibility for both industry and government.

andreas Widl is the Chief Executive Officer of Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum. Widl began his career as a Technology and Innovation Manager at Mannesmann Pilotentwicklung, the think tank of the former Mannesmann Corporation. In 1999, he joined General Electric Capital as the Business Development and Sales Director in the Reinsurance, Corporate, and Consumer Finance sector. In 2004, he continued his career at the Swiss Oerlikon Corporation (formerly Unaxis) to globally restructure its Display Division and turn it into a profitable thin-film solar business. In December 2005, he was appointed the Oerlikon Asia Regional Executive and President and Managing Director of Oerlikon Shanghai, driving the group’s operations in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and India. In August 2007, he became acting Chief Technology Officer, in addition to his Asia responsibilities, coordinating Oerlikon’s global research and development activities. Widl graduated from the Technical University of Munich, Germany with a degree in Physics. He also holds a Ph.D. in Applied Physics.



Afternoon Concurrent Panels

taking coMpliance seriously: iran anD the neXt iranMonday, March 282:00 pmAmphitheater

chair: Martin Briens, Permanent Mission of France to the United NationsroBert einhorn, U.S. Department of StateMark fitZpatrick, International Institute for Strategic StudiesaMBassaDor peter Jenkins, Geneva Center for Security Policy

The Iran case shows how lacunae in nonproliferation rules regarding the definition of peaceful uses of atomic energy and the fulfillment of peaceful nuclear cooperation can complicate efforts to enforce compliance in a rule-based system, especially as global political power shifts along a North-South axis. Looking ahead, can a working consensus be established among key states, and on what basis? What are the implications for peaceful nuclear cooperation and international security if a consensus cannot be achieved?

Martin Briens has been the Deputy Permanent Representative at the Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations in New York since September 1, 2010. Previously, he served as the Director of the Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Division of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (May 2007–August 2010), as the Deputy Director of the Center for Analysis and Forecasting (August 2006–May 2007), and as the Counselor in charge of political-military affairs at the French Embassy in Washington D.C. (2003–2006). He has also held positions at the French Embassy in Beijing (1999–2003) and at the Department of Strategic, Security, and Disarmament Affairs in the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris (1996–1999). He graduated from the National School of Administration (ENA) in 1996.

robert einhorn is the Special Advisor for Nonproliferation and Arms Control at the U.S. Department of State. Before returning to the State Department, where he had earlier served for over 29 years, he was a Senior Adviser at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies from 2001 to 2009. From 1972 to 1986, Einhorn held a wide range of arms control and nonproliferation positions at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, including as a member of the U.S. delegation to the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks with the Soviet Union. He joined the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff in 1986 and left in 1992 to become a Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs. From 1999 to 2001, he served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Nonproliferation. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Cornell University and a master’s degree from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

Mark fitzpatrick is a Senior Fellow for Non-Proliferation and the Director of the Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Program at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London. He is the author of The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: Avoiding Worst-Case Outcomes (2008) and the editor of Iran’s Ballistic Missile Programmes: A Net Assessment (2010). He has also edited IISS strategic dossiers on nuclear programs in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Pakistan. He has lectured throughout Europe, North America, and Asia and is a frequent media commentator on proliferation topics. He joined IISS in October 2005, after a 26-year career in the U.S. Department of State.



ambassador peter Jenkins joined the British Diplomatic Service in 1973, having graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Classical Philosophy from Cambridge University and studied as a Harkness Fellow at the Graduate School for Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. His diplomatic career took him to Vienna (twice), Washington, Paris, Brasilia, and Geneva. From 2001 to 2006, he served as Ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and United Nations in Vienna, focusing on the nuclear aspects of international peace and security, and in particular, the Iranian nuclear issue. He was awarded a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG) in 2005. Ambassador Jenkins is now an Associate Fellow of the Geneva Center for Security Policy and a qualified commercial mediator. He has joined forces with former colleagues to form ADRg Ambassadors, an international mediation and corporate diplomacy partnership.



coMprehensive test Ban treaty: What noW?Monday, March 282:00 pmPolaris

chair: reBecca Johnson, Acronym Institute for Disarmament DiplomacyvallaMpaDugai arunachalaM, former Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of IndiatiMothy Morrison, Office of U.S. Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ) *speaking in a personal capacityanDreas persBo, Verification Research, Training and Information Center

A ban on all nuclear tests for all time is vaunted as a critical measure of disarmament progress. What are the prospects for Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) ratification in the United States and in the other countries required for the treaty to enter into force? What steps can be taken in the meantime to prevent, detect, and punish further testing?

rebecca Johnson is the Founder-Director of the Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy. With a Ph.D. in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science, she has published widely on international security issues, particularly the CTBT and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). A prolific author and activist, Johnson is currently a Vice Chair of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) and served as a Senior Advisor for the International Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Commission from 2004 to 2006, as well as a Vice Chair and Board Member for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (2001–2007). In 2009, the United Nations published her book on civil society and government strategies to achieve the CTBT, Unfinished Business.

vallampadugai arunachalam is a Chairman of the Center for Study of Science, Technology, and Policy, a Bengaluru-based think tank. He was previously the Science Advisor to five Prime Ministers and ten Defense Ministers of India, heading the country’s consortium of defense laboratories and programs, including on strategic systems. During his tenure, he initiated several major programs in missile technologies, light combat aircraft, and other defense hardware, as well as numerous projects on technology and education for national development. Arunachalam is the recipient of many national honors, including Padma Vibhushan. He continues to be a Distinguished Service Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, where he spent over a decade teaching.

timothy Morrison is the National Security Advisor for the Office of U.S. Senator Jon Kyl, Republican Senator representing Arizona. Senator Kyl is currently serving his third term in the U.S. Senate, is the Republican Whip, and serves on the Senate Judiciary Committee, Finance Committee, and the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. Morrison advises Senator Kyl on defense, foreign affairs, and intelligence policy. Prior to joining Senator Kyl’s office in January 2007, Morrison served as a Legislative Director for Representative Mark Kennedy (R-Minn.). He is speaking in his personal capacity. The views represented are his own.



andreas persbo is the Executive Director of the London-based Verification Research, Training and Information Center (VERTIC). He has been working on a range of issues at the Center for the last seven years, including CTBT verification. In particular, he has been studying on-site inspection methodology and practice. Persbo holds an LL.B. and LL.M. equivalent from Stockholm University, Sweden, as well as a diploma in Nuclear Law from the University of Montpellier I, France. He is an active participant in the International Law Association and a member of the Committee on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Disarmament, and Contemporary International Law. He has been published widely in publications such as the CTBTO Spectrum, Disarmament Forum, Jane’s Intelligence Review, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists and Arms Control Today. Persbo maintains his own blog, ArmsControlVerification.org and guest blogs on ArmsControlWonk.com.



safeguarDing the nuclear renaissanceMonday, March 282:00 pmHorizon

chair: pierre golDschMiDt, Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceJill cooley, International Atomic Energy Agency olli heinonen, Harvard University roger hoWsley, World Institute for Nuclear Security

How should the IAEA manage the growing safeguards workload resulting from the increasing quantities of nuclear material and a larger number of nuclear facilities on a limited budget? Will its current approach suffice, or is a more fundamental rethink of safeguards required?

pierre goldschmidt is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Brussels, Belgium. Goldschmidt is a member of the Board of Directors for the Association Vinçotte Nuclear and a member of the European Nuclear Society’s High Scientific Council. Goldschmidt was the Deputy Director-General and the Head of the Department of Safeguards at the IAEA from 1999 to 2005. For twelve years prior, Goldschmidt was Director-General of SYNATOM, the company responsible for the fuel supply and spent fuel management of seven Belgian nuclear plants. Goldschmidt was a member of the Directoire of EURODIF, the French uranium enrichment company. He also served as Chairman of the Uranium Institute in London. In November 2005, he became Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Brussels.

Jill cooley is the Director of the Division of Concepts and Planning in the IAEA’s Department of Safeguards. She is responsible for departmental strategic planning activities and for the development, design, and standardization of safeguards concepts, approaches, procedures, and training. Cooley has over 30 years of experience with international safeguards and has been with the IAEA for sixteen years. Previous to her current position, Cooley was the Manager of the Safeguards Program of Lockheed Martin Energy Systems in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Cooley has a master’s degree in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Wisconsin.

olli heinonen is a Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center at Harvard University. Previously, Heinonen spent 27 years at the IAEA as Deputy Director-General of the IAEA, and earlier, as Head of the Department of Safeguards. He led the Agency’s efforts to identify and dismantle nuclear proliferation networks and oversaw efforts to monitor and contain Iran’s nuclear program. Heinonen inspected nuclear facilities in South Africa, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, and elsewhere. He led the Agency’s efforts to implement an analytical culture to guide and complement traditional verification activities. Heinonen studied radiochemistry and completed his Ph.D. in Nuclear Material Analysis at the University of Helsinki. Before joining the IAEA in 1983, he was a Senior Research Officer at the Technical Research Center of the Finland Reactor Laboratory, in charge of research and development related to nuclear waste solidification and disposal. He has co-authored several patents on radioactive waste solidification.



roger howsley is the Executive Director of the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS). Prior to joining WINS, Howsley was the Director of Security, Safeguards, and International Affairs (SSIA) for British Nuclear Fuels, Ltd. He has over 25 years of international experience relating to nuclear nonproliferation and security across the nuclear fuel cycle, working with the IAEA, Euratom, national police forces, and various security organizations. He was the Chairman of the United Kingdom’s (U.K.) Atomic Energy Police Authority on a biennial basis between 1996 and 2005 and managed its transition to become the Civil Nuclear Constabulary in 2005. Between 2001 and 2010, he was appointed to serve on the IAEA Director-General’s Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI). Howsley holds a first class honors degree and doctorate in Life Sciences from the University of Liverpool, England.



Deep reDuctions: staBility at loW nuMBersMonday, March 284:00 pmAmphitheater

chair: franklin Miller, Scowcroft GroupJaMes acton, Carnegie Endowment for International PeacealeXei arBatov, Carnegie Moscow CenterBin li , Tsinghua University/Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Interest in abolishing nuclear weapons has increased the prospect of deep U.S.-Russian reductions. Yet many American and Russian analysts see deterrence at low numbers as intrinsically problematic and potentially unstable. Why is this? Interestingly, the U.S. and Russia are the only states to have built arsenals larger than a few hundred weapons. Do the U.S. and Russia have unique deterrence requirements, or can other nuclear-armed states provide a model for them?

franklin Miller is a Principal at the Scowcroft Group. He spent 31 years in the U.S. Government, mostly in senior positions in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Among other duties, he directed U.S. nuclear targeting and U.S. nuclear deterrence policy from 1985 to 2001. He also played a significant role in the START I negotiations and was among the small group of U.S. Department of Defense officials who created both the 1991 Presidential Nuclear Initiative and the START II proposal. His final position in government was as a Special Assistant to President George W. Bush. He writes frequently on nuclear issues.

James acton is an Associate and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. A physicist by training, Acton is a co-author of the Adelphi Paper, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons and a co-editor of the follow-up volume, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: A Debate. He has just completed a major study on deterrence at low numbers. His findings will be published in an Adelphi Paper, Deterrence During Disarmament: Deep Nuclear Reductions and International Security and in a Carnegie Policy Report, Low Numbers: A Practical Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions. Acton is a co-chair of the Next Generation Working Group on U.S.-Russia Arms Control and a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials.

alexei arbatov is the Chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center and the Head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbatov has played a leading role in the politics of Russia as a member of the Russian Duma from 1994 to 2003 and as a Deputy Chairman of the Yabloko Party from 2001 to the present. Arbatov is a member of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, and is the Vice President of the Luxembourg Forum for Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe. Arbatov is also a a member of the Governing Board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), the International Advisory Board of the Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, and the Board of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies.



Bin li, a Chinese physicist, is a Professor in the Department of International Relations at the Institute of International Studies and the Director of the Arms Control Program at Tsinghua University, as well as a Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Li’s work focuses on space arms control, nuclear test bans, missile defense, deep nuclear reductions, and Chinese-U.S. nuclear relations. He has published two books, Arms Control Theories and Analysis and International Strategy and National Security—A Technical Perspective. Li is on the editorial boards of Science and Global Security and The Nonproliferation Review as well as on the boards of the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association and the China-U.S. People’s Friendship Association. Prior to joining Tsinghua, Li founded the Institute of Science and Public Affairs and worked as the Director of the Arms Control Division and Executive Deputy Director of the Program for Science and National Security Studies at the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics. Li received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Physics from Peking University.



Destination unknoWn: Where is the gloBal nuclear fuel cycle heaDing?Monday, March 284:00 pmPolaris

chair: Mark hiBBs, Carnegie Endowment for International Peacestephen golDBerg, Argonne National LaboratoryMuJiD kaZiMi, Massachusetts Institute of Technologyphilip seWell, USEC, Inc.

What fuel cycle technologies will dominate the commercial nuclear world a generation from now? Why should nuclear power investors commit themselves to expensive, risk-laden, and potentially unprofitable fuel cycle technologies? Will there ever be a plutonium fuel cycle based on commercially viable, fast reactors?


stephen goldberg serves as the Special Assistant to the Director at Argonne National Laboratory, working on projects including organizing significant science and technology meetings with both the public and private sectors and senior administration officials. Goldberg has also been responsible for managing several systems studies in the energy field, including the 2004 study on the economic competitiveness of nuclear energy, the 2007 Poland nuclear energy study, and the 2009 Jordan cogeneration study. Previously, Goldberg served for over three decades in the U.S. government. While at the Office of Management and Budget, Goldberg received the Executive Office of the President’s highest award for efforts to complete several major international nuclear nonproliferation agreements, including the multibillion dollar U.S. purchase of highly enriched uranium extracted from nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union.

Mujid kazimi is the Tokyo Electric Power Company Professor of Nuclear Engineering and a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He also directs MIT’s Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (CANES), which studies new concepts for nuclear power with the aim of making it more economical and safe, lessening its environmental impact, and raising the barriers to the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Kazimi’s research includes work in nuclear systems safety, the nuclear fuel cycle, two-phase flow, and heat transfer. He has served on a variety of safety, educational, and research committees, including for the National Research Council and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Kazimi holds a bachelor’s degree in Nuclear Engineering from Alexandria University, Egypt, and a master’s and doctorate degree in Nuclear Engineering from MIT.



philip sewell is the Senior Vice President of American Centrifuge and Russian Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) at USEC, Inc. He is responsible for the American centrifuge program, implementation of the Russian HEU contract, international trade issues, and specific strategies related to identifying new business opportunities. Before joining USEC, Sewell served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), where he was responsible for the overall management of uranium enrichment activities. Prior to joining DOE, Sewell spent seven years as a manager and engineer with the U.S. Department of Defense, where he performed analyses of rocket propulsion technology, developed and implemented plans to market engineering services to other government agencies and to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, and served as a naval technical representative to NATO. Sewell earned a master’s degree in Business Administration from George Washington University and a bachelor’s degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Maryland.



nuclear risk reDuction in south asia after MuMBaiMonday, March 284:00 pmHorizon

chair: peter lavoy, Office of the Director of National Intelligence Michael krepon, The Henry L. Stimson Centervipin narang, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMoeeD yusuf, United States Institute of Peace

India and Pakistan nearly went to war in 2001–2002 and faced another crisis after the 2008 attacks in Mumbai, India. India is developing a “Cold Start” military doctrine and capabilities to conduct a quick invasion of Pakistan in response to a future terrorist attack, so as to force Pakistan to negotiate on terms favorable to India. Pakistan says it will respond with “Hot End”—nuclear weapon use. This would be a disaster to two of the world’s largest developing countries, not to mention the global nuclear order. This session will promote ideas for preventing nuclear escalation in South Asia.

peter lavoy is the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis and the Chairman of the National Intelligence Council for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Lavoy was the National Intelligence Officer for South Asia from October 2007 to November 2008. Prior to joining ODNI, Lavoy directed the Center for Contemporary Conflict and taught in the National Security Affairs Department of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterrey, California. Lavoy has written numerous journal articles and book chapters on a wide array of subjects related to South Asian security and weapons proliferation. Lavoy previously served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2000 as the Principal Director for Requirements, Plans, and Counterproliferation Policy, and from 1998 to 2000, as the Director for Counterproliferation Policy. He received a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley and a bachelor’s degree in Government from Oberlin College. He has traveled extensively throughout South Asia and speaks Hindi, Urdu, and French.

Michael krepon is a Co-Founder of the Henry L. Stimson Center and the Director of the South Asia and Space Security Programs at Stimson. He has championed confidence-building and nuclear risk reduction measures between India and Pakistan, several of which subsequently have been implemented. Krepon is the author or editor of thirteen books and more than 350 articles. Prior to co-founding Stimson, he worked at the Carnegie Endowment, the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency during the Carter administration, and in the U.S. House of Representatives, assisting Congressman Norm Dicks (D-WA). Krepon received a master’s degree from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University and a bachelor’s degree from Franklin & Marshall College. He studied Arabic at the American University in Cairo, Egypt.



vipin narang is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at MIT and member of MIT’s Security Studies Program. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Government, Harvard University in May 2010. His dissertation on regional power nuclear postures was awarded Harvard’s Edward M. Chase prize. He holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Chemical Engineering with distinction from Stanford University as well as a master’s degree with distinction in International Relations from Balliol College, Oxford University, where he studied on a Marshall Scholarship. He has been a Fellow at the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University. His research interests include nuclear proliferation, South Asian security, and general security studies. His work has been published in several journals including International Security, Foreign Policy, and International Organization.

Moeed yusuf is the South Asia Adviser at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) Center in the Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention and is responsible for managing the Institute’s Pakistan program. Before joining USIP, Yusuf was a Fellow at the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University, and concurrently a Research Fellow at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center at Harvard Kennedy School. He has also been affiliated with the Brookings Institution as a special guest. In 2007, he co-founded Strategic and Economic Policy Research, a private sector consultancy firm in Pakistan. Yusuf has also consulted for a number of Pakistani and international organizations. From 2004-2007, he was a full-time consultant with the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Pakistan’s premier development-sector think tank. He has also consulted for the Brookings Institution, UNESCO, Asian Development Bank, World Bank, Innovative Development Strategies, Sungi Development Foundation and Pugwash International.

W e l c o M e r e c e p t i o nMonday, March 285:30 pmatrium Ballroom Sponsored in part by the Scoville Peace Fellowship



Breakfast Keynote

Tuesday, March 298:00 amAmphitheater

senator Jon kyl, U.S. Senator representing Arizona

senator Jon kyl is currently serving his third term in the United States Senate, after having completed four terms representing Arizona’s Fourth District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was elected unanimously by his colleagues in 2008 to serve as Republican Whip, the second highest position in Senate Republican leadership. Senator Kyl was recognized by Time magazine in 2006 as one of the ten best Senators.

Senator Kyl serves on the Senate Judiciary Committee, where he has played key roles in the confirmation of John Roberts as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court and Samuel Alito as Associate Justice. As a member of the Judiciary Committee, he has also helped write the landmark Crime Victims Rights Act, important provisions of the Patriot Act, the Military Commissions Act, and other anti-terrorism laws. As a member of the Finance Committee, he has been the chief advocate of death-tax repeal and pro-growth tax policies, including low tax rates on income, capital gains, and dividends. He has also been a strong proponent of step-by-step solutions for health-care reform that can improve access, lower costs, and preserve the sacred doctor-patient relationship.

Before his public service, Senator Kyl practiced law at Jennings, Strouss & Salmon in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1985, he served as the Chairman of the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce. Born in Oakland, Nebraska, Senator Kyl received both his bachelor’s and law degrees from the University of Arizona. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa and was the Editor-in-Chief of the Arizona Law Review.



Morning Concurrent Panels

innovating nuclear governanceTuesday, March 299:00 amAmphitheater chair: Deepti chouBey, Nuclear Threat Initiativeariel levite, Carnegie Endowment for International Peaceoliver thränert, German Institute for International and Security AffairsWilliaM Walker, University of Saint Andrews

Notwithstanding the moderate success of the 2010 NPT Review Conference, many observers feel that the nuclear order is breaking down or failing to keep up with technological developments and the emergence of new powers. Formal multilateral negotiations to develop new rules seem stymied or impossible. What alternatives are there for strengthening nuclear governance?

Deepti choubey is the Senior Director for Nuclear and Biosecurity at NTI. Her responsibilities include developing NTI’s nuclear security work, identifying opportunities for reducing nuclear dangers in South Asia, and assessing opportunities for NTI to further contribute to biosecurity issues. Most recently, Choubey served as the Deputy Director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Prior to Carnegie, she was the Director of the Peace and Security Initiative for the Ploughshares Fund. Before joining Ploughshares, she worked for Ambassador Nancy Soderberg at the International Crisis Group. Choubey holds a master’s degree from Columbia University and a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University.

ariel levite is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Tel Aviv, Israel. Earlier, Levite was the Principal Deputy Director-General for Policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (2002–2007), a Visiting Fellow at Stanford’s CISAC (2000–2002), the Deputy Israeli National Security Advisor (Defense Policy; 1999–2000), and the Head of the Bureau of International Security at the Israeli Ministry of Defense. Before his government service, Levite worked as a Senior Research Associate at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. He has authored numerous books and articles on issues of strategy, military doctrine, deterrence, arms control, proliferation, and intelligence. He holds a Ph.D. in Government from Cornell University.

oliver thränert is a Senior Fellow at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) in Berlin. Prior to joining SWP in September 2001, Thränert was a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Foreign Policy Research at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Bonn (1986–1999) and Berlin (1999–2001). From 1990 to 1993, he served as a lecturer at the University of Darmstadt. Thränert has also taught at the Free University of Berlin. In 1991, Thränert was a Visiting Research Fellow at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, and in 2009, at the Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich. In 2008, Thränert won the Marcel Cadieux Distinguished Writing Award of the International Journal (Toronto).



William Walker is a Professor in the School of International Studies at the University of Saint Andrews. Initially trained as an electrical engineer, Walker has been involved in the study of technological innovation, energy policy, military industries, and international nuclear relations during his academic career. Over the past decade, he has become particularly well-known for his work on international inventories of, and control over, plutonium and highly enriched uranium: the fissile materials used in nuclear weapons. Since 2001, his research has focused on how to conceptualize and respond to the problems that weapons of mass destruction pose for international order. He has also been examining the political and institutional processes by which complex, technological decisions and paths become entrenched.



u.s. nuclear cooperation: hoW anD With WhoM?Tuesday, March 299:00 amPolaris

chair: Mark hiBBs, Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceaMBassaDor haMaD alkaaBi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, United Arab Emiratesscott snyDer, The Asia FoundationricharD stratforD, U.S. Department of State

In the coming years, the United States will negotiate new bilateral nuclear cooperation agreements with a raft of states that see nuclear power as critical for their energy development. In the past, some of these agreements imposed limitations on the fuel cycle activities of U.S. partners. Today, potential buyers resist such limitations and other supplier states may not insist on similar limitations.


ambassador hamad alkaabi is the Permanent Representative of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the IAEA. In 2008, he was named by UAE Foreign Minister, His Highness Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Minister’s Special Representative for Nuclear Cooperation. As such, Ambassador Alkaabi helped lead the UAE’s assessment on developing a peaceful nuclear energy program, serving as primary interlocutor on matters relating to nuclear energy and nonproliferation between the UAE government and international organizations and governments, including the IAEA, the Gulf Cooperation Council, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the U.K., and the U.S. He has been personally involved in all key milestones of the nuclear energy assessment. Ambassador AlKaabi was trained as a nuclear engineer, earning his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Purdue University,

Indiana.

scott snyder is the Director of the Center for U.S.-Korea Policy and a Senior Associate of Washington programs in the International Relations program of The Asia Foundation. Mr. Snyder is also a Senior Associate at Pacific Forum CSIS and was recently named Adjunct Senior Fellow for Korea Studies by the Council on Foreign Relations. Prior to joining the Foundation, Mr. Snyder was an Asia specialist in the Research and Studies Program of the U.S. Institute of Peace, and served as the Acting Director of Asia Society’s Contemporary Affairs Program. He was the recipient of a Pantech Visiting Fellowship at Stanford University’s Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center during 2005-2006, and received an Abe Fellowship, administered by the Social Sciences Research Council, in 1998-99.



richard stratford is the Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Safety, and Security at the U.S. Department of State. He is responsible for guidance on international nuclear energy affairs, nuclear export controls, nuclear cooperation agreements, nuclear safety, physical protection, and international initiatives in nuclear energy technology. Stratford is the Head of Delegation to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and to the Zangger Committee. His office is responsible for U.S. relations with the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and in April 2006, Stratford was elected to be the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Nuclear Energy Agency. He was the Head of Delegation in the U.S.-India and U.S.-Russia bilateral peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement negotiations. Stratford is a career member of the Senior Executive Service.



tWo triaDs: inDia-pakistan-china anD china-u.s.-russiaTuesday, March 29 9:00 am Horizon

chair: toBy Dalton, Carnegie Endowment for International Peacehua han, Peking UniversitysyeD rifaat hussain, Quaid-i-Azam Universitysergey rogov, Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies ashley tellis, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The U.S., Russia, and China drive each other’s nuclear requirements. China and Pakistan drive India’s nuclear requirements, and India’s capabilities, now augmented by U.S. and other foreign assistance, play back on Pakistan and China. What happens in one of these triads affects the other, most likely through the common point of China. In the balance hang prospects for a ban on fissile material production and future multilateral nuclear arms control and disarmament. Are these dynamics sufficiently understood? Can they be managed in a stabilizing way? What are the implications for the nonproliferation regime?

toby Dalton is the Deputy Director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, where his research focuses on cooperative nuclear security initiatives and the management of nuclear challenges in South Asia and East Asia. Most recently, Dalton served as Acting Director for the Office of Nuclear Safeguards and Security at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), where he implemented the U.S. Next Generation Safeguards Initiative and international nuclear security programs. Previously, he established and led the Department’s office at the U.S. Embassy in Pakistan. While at DOE, Dalton was also the Senior Policy Advisor to the Office of Nonproliferation and International Security, addressing issues relating to IAEA safeguards, the nonproliferation regime, and a range of countries, including Pakistan, India, China, North Korea, and Israel.

hua han is an Associate Professor and the Director of the Center for Arms Control and Disarmament at the School of International Studies (SIS) at Peking University, China. Her research interests cover South Asia, arms control, and nonproliferation. She has been a Visiting Researcher at the School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Henry L. Stimson Center, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Victoria University, and the Peace and Conflict Institute at Uppsala University. She has written extensively on South Asian arms control and security issues for numerous journals and newspapers in China and abroad.



syed rifaat hussain is a Professor and the Chair of the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at the Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. Prior to this, he served as Chairman of the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies at the National University in Islamabad and the Executive Director of the Regional Center for Strategic Studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Hussain has also taught at CISAC, Stanford University and has served as Course Director of the Foreign Service Academy in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Islamabad. He serves as a member of the editorial boards of many diverse publications and is a member of the Board of Governors of Pakistan Studies Center, Karachi University. Hussain is the author of numerous books and publications. He received his Ph.D. in International Studies from the University of Denver, Colorado. sergey rogov is the Director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2000, Rogov was appointed the Dean of the School of World Politics and International Security at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies. He is the Head of the International Advisory Board of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and is a current member of the Advisory Council of the Foreign Ministry. Rogov also serves on several boards, including the Russian Foreign Policy Association and the New Economic Association. He has written more than 400 articles and 18 books, including Nuclear Weapons in the Multipolar World and Arms Control in the 21st Century.

ashley tellis is a Senior Associate in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment, specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. Previously, as a Senior Adviser to the U.S. Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, he was involved in negotiating the civil nuclear agreement with India. He has served as a Senior Adviser to the U.S. Ambassador in New Delhi, Special Assistant to the President, and the Senior Director for Strategic Planning and Southwest Asia, when he served on the U.S. National Security Council staff. Prior to his government service, Tellis was a Senior Policy Analyst at the RAND Corporation and a Professor of Policy Analysis at the RAND Graduate School. He is the author of India’s Emerging Nuclear Posture (2001).



a MiDDle east WMD free Zone conference: preparing for successTuesday, March 2911:00 amAmphitheater

chair: alison kelly, Department of Foreign Affairs, Irelandgeneral shloMo BroM, Institute for National Security StudiesaMBassaDor seyeD hossein Mousavian, Princeton UniversityaMBassaDor khaleD shaMaa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Egypt

The 2010 NPT Review Conference called for the convening of a conference to address the creation of a WMD Free Zone in the Middle East. What would feasibly constitute a successful conference? What steps, and by which actors, are necessary to enable success?

alison kelly is the Deputy Political Director and the Director for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation in the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin, Ireland. She served in Washington, D.C. from 2003 to 2007. Earlier assignments include service in the Political, European Union, and Information Divisions of the Department of Foreign Affairs and overseas postings in Madrid, the OSCE in Vienna, Cairo, and The Hague. She was Ireland’s Head of Delegation at the NPT Review Conference in May 2010 and chaired the negotiations on implementation of the 1995 Resolution on the Middle East.

general shlomo Brom has been a Senior Research Associate at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), formerly the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, in Tel Aviv since 1999. From 2005 to 2006, he was a Guest Scholar at the United States Institute of Peace. From 2000 to 2001, General Brom was the Deputy National Security Adviser in Israel. From 1996 until his retirement from the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) in 1998, he was the Director of the Strategic Planning Division in the IDF’s General Staff. From 1988 to 1990, he was the Israeli Defense Attaché in the Republic of South Africa, and from 1969 to 1987, he served in the Israeli Air Force. Throughout the 1990s, General Brom participated in peace negotiations with Syria, Jordan, and the Palestinians. He also represented Israel in multilateral talks on Arms Control and Regional Security. His research at INSS focuses on the Arab-Israeli conflict and Israeli security. He is the author of numerous articles about Israeli strategic and diplomatic issues.

ambassador seyed hossein Mousavian is a Visiting Research Fellow at Princeton University. He served as Iran’s Ambassador to Germany from 1990 to 1997. After returning to Iran, Mousavian became the Head of the Foreign Relations Committee of Iran’s National Security Council until 2005; during the latter two years, he was also the spokesman on nuclear issues. Ambassador Mousavian later became the Foreign Policy Advisor to the Secretary of National Security and the Vice President of Iran’s Center for Strategic Research. Ambassador Mousavian is the author of seven books, including Iran’s Strategy for the Additional Protocol (2007) and Iran- Europe Relations: Challenges and Opportunities (2008). He received his Ph.D. from the University of Kent, U.K. and a master’s degree from the University of Tehran, Iran.



ambassador khaled shamaa is the Deputy Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs for Disarmament Affairs in Cairo, Egypt. Ambassador Shamaa is a career diplomat with the Egyptian Foreign Service. He served as a Counselor to the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations in New York, in charge of Disarmament and International Security issues as well as the Non-Aligned Movement. Previously, Ambassador Shamaa served in Egypt’s Embassies in Brazil and South Africa. He holds a master’s degree in International Affairs from the George Washington University.



eXtenDeD Deterrence anD the 21st century Tuesday, March 2911:00 amPolaris

chair: paul schulte, Carnegie Endowment for International Peaceken JiMBo, Keio UniversityŁUKASZ KULESA, National Security Bureau, Polandsinan Ülgen, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

In the 20th century, extended deterrence was synonymous with nuclear deterrence, but will nuclear use be credible to deter the most likely 21st century threats? In the 20th century, extended deterrence helped prevent proliferation, but in the 21st century, will it impede nonproliferation and disarmament? What are the capabilities and policies needed for reassurance, deterrence, and nonproliferation?

paul schulte is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in London, U.K. His research focuses on the future of deterrence, nuclear strategy, nuclear nonproliferation, and cyber security. Additionally, Schulte is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of London at King’s College and at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He previously served as the Chief Speechwriter to two U.K. Defense Secretaries, as the Director of Proliferation and Arms Control for the U.K. Ministry of Defense, and as the U.K. Commissioner on UNSCOM and UNMOVIC (1997–2002). Schulte also worked in Iraq’s Coalition Provisional Authority and was the founding head of the United Kingdom’s Post-Conflict Reconstruction Unit (2004–2005) involved in planning the initial, integrated, British civil-military campaign in Helmand Province in Afghanistan.

ken Jimbo is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Policy Management at Keio University. He is concurrently a Research Fellow at the Tokyo Foundation and a Visiting Fellow at the Canon Institute of Global Studies. His research fields include Japan-U.S. Security Relations, Japanese foreign and defense policy, multilateral security in the Asia-Pacific, and regionalism in East Asia. He writes numerous articles in academic journals, policy reports, and news columns.

Łukasz Kulesa is an International Security Analyst and the Deputy Director of the Strategic Analyses Department at the National Security Bureau (BBN), Poland. The BBN is responsible for providing aid and support to the President of the Republic of Poland in executing security- and defense-related tasks. Between 2003 and 2010, he worked as an Analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM), dealing with nuclear nonproliferation, perspectives on nuclear disarmament, nuclear and conventional deterrence, and missile defense.

sinan Ülgen is a Visiting Scholar at Carnegie Europe and the Chairman of the Istanbul-based think tank, the Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (EDAM). Ülgen graduated in 1987 from the University of Virginia with majors in Computer Science and Economics. He received a master’s degree in European Economic Integration from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. He then joined the Turkish Foreign Service as a career diplomat. In 1992, Ülgen was posted to the Turkish Permanent Delegation to the European Union (E.U.) in Brussels, where he participated in the Turkey-E.U. customs union negotiations. His area of expertise is Turkish foreign and security policy, Turkey-E.U., and Turkey-NATO relations.



the future of the nuclear suppliers groupTuesday, March 2911:00 amHorizon

chair: Joan rohlfing, Nuclear Threat InitiativeJohn carlson, Nuclear Threat InitiativericharD goorevich, U.S. Department of Energyhenk cor van Der kWast, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands

The NSG, the world’s most comprehensive nuclear trade rule-making organization, is at a crossroads. How will it interact with emerging vendor countries from the developing world? How will it manage the aspirations of Israel and Pakistan in the wake of the NSG’s 2008 accommodation of India? Will North-South political conflict prevent the NSG from making future decisions by consensus?

Joan Rohlfing became the President and Chief Operating Officer of NTI in January 2010, after nine years as NTI’s Senior Vice President for Programs and Operations. She joined NTI in 2001 after holding a number of senior positions with the U.S. Department of Energy. She served as the Senior Advisor for National Security to the Secretary of Energy and the Director of the Office of Nonproliferation and National Security. She took a nine month assignment in New Delhi, India in the wake of nuclear tests in South Asia to advise the U.S. Ambassador on nuclear security issues. Rohlfing also has served on the staff of the U.S. House Armed Services Committee and at the U.S. Department of Defense.

John carlson served as the Director-General of the Australian Safeguards and Nonproliferation Office and was appointed the Chairman of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation by former IAEA Director-General Mohammed ElBaradei, serving from 2001 to 2006. He was also the Alternate Governor for Australia on the IAEA Board of Governors. Carlson is a member of the Advisory Board of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, the Founding Chair of the Asia-Pacific Safeguards Network, and a Fellow of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management. Carlson also advises NTI on international nuclear security, safeguards and verification, and management of the nuclear fuel cycle. He is a Visitng Fellow at the Lowry Institute in Sydney, Australia.

richard goorevich is a Senior Policy Advisor for Nuclear Fuel-Cycle and Regulatory Issues in the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, where he is responsible for providing policy and technical guidance on international nuclear affairs, nuclear safeguards, nuclear and WMD dual-use export control policies, and international physical protection requirements. He frequently serves as a negotiator for U.S. nuclear cooperation agreements and has served as a delegate to the IAEA General Conference and the NPT Review Conference.

henk cor van der kwast is the Head of the Non-Proliferation, Disarmament, Arms Control, and Export Policy Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands. He previously served as the Deputy Head of the Political Department for Western Europe and the Section Head for Southern Europe. From 1999 to 2003, van der Kwast was the Counselor for Political Affairs at the Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva. van der Kwast represented the Netherlands in the Preparatory Committee Meeting of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. He holds a graduate degree from Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies.



Luncheon Keynote

Darkness Before DaWn? the future of pakistanTuesday, March 2912:30 pmAtrium Ballroom

JaveD JaBBar, former Minister and Senator, Pakistan

According to Western media reporting, the trend lines in Pakistan are decidedly negative: the security of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal is in doubt, Pakistani politicians are unable to rescue the economy, and the India obsession of Pakistan’s military leaders ignores the threat to internal security posed by the terrorist groups Pakistan harbors. This reporting obscures a more nuanced reality, in particular, the complexity and reality of Pakistani society and the factors which are likely to shape a positive future. Javed Jabbar, a leader of civil society, will talk about how the past and present merge and may separate to build a stable future for Pakistan and South Asia.

Javed Jabbar is the Chairman and Chief Executive of J.J. Media, Ltd. He has served as a Minister in three Federal Cabinets of Pakistan, including Information & Media Development; Petroleum & Natural Resources; and Science, Technology, & National Affairs. He was a Senator for a six year term and has drafted several progressive laws and policies, including the PEMRA law for private electronic media and Freedom of Information. Jabbar is a member

of the longest-running Pakistan-India Track II Dialgoue, the Neemrana Initiative (18 years).

He has founded and co-founded several research centers, think tanks, and grassroots development organizations, including Baanhn Beli and Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO), which works in over 2,000 villages in all four provinces of Pakistan. As part of his volunteer work, Jabbar was re-elected for a 4-year term (2009–2012) as one of the four global Vice Presidents of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. He wrote and produced Ramchand Pakistani, directed by his daughter Mehreen Jabbar, which won five major global awards. He has written over eleven books, most recently, Pakistan—Unique Origins, Unique Destiny?

He is the husband of Shabnam Jabbar, an independent entrepreneur, and father of the film-maker, Mehreen Jabbar and Barrister Kamal K. Jabbar.



What’s neXt after neW start Tuesday, March 292:30 pmAmphitheater

chair: aMBassaDor linton Brooksassistant secretary rose gotteMoeller, U.S. Department of StateaMBassaDor sergey kislyak, Embassy of the Russian Federation

The negotiation and entry into force of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) heralded the return of verified nuclear arms reductions between the United States and Russia. Looming on the horizon are many difficult issues, in particular, U.S. missile defense plans, which will make future bilateral negotiations more difficult and potentially more contentious. U.S. and Russian officials with responsibility for arms control will discuss what is next on the arms control agenda and how the administrations in Moscow and Washington intend to pursue progress toward disarmament.

ambassador linton Brooks served from July 2002 to January 2007 as Administrator of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, responsible for the U.S. nuclear weapons program and for the Department of Energy’s international nuclear nonproliferation programs. In the early 1990s, he also served as Chief U.S. Negotiator for the first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. Ambassador Brooks has five decades of experience in national security, much of it associated with nuclear weapons, including service as the Assistant Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Director of Defense Programs and Arms Control on the National Security Council staff, and a number of Navy and Defense Department assignments. He is now an independent consultant on national security. assistant secretary rose gottemoeller was sworn in as the Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance on April 6, 2009. She was the chief negotiator of New START with the Russian Federation. Since 2000, she had been with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, serving as the Director of the Carnegie Moscow Center from January 2006 to December 2008. Before joining the Endowment, she was Deputy Undersecretary of Energy for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation and before that, Assistant Secretary for Nonproliferation and National Security, also at the Department of Energy. She first joined the department in November 1997 as Director of the Office of Nonproliferation and National Security. Prior to the Energy Department, Gottemoeller served for three years as Deputy Director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. From 1993 to 1994, she served on the National Security Council in the White House as Director for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia Affairs, with responsibility for denuclearization in Ukraine,

Kazakhstan, and Belarus.



ambassador sergey kislyak was appointed the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to the United States in July 2008. Ambassador Kislyak has served the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation since 1977. He was previously the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003 until 2008. From 1998 to 2003, he was the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Belgium as well as the Permanent Representative of Russia to NATO in Brussels. From 1995 to 1998, Ambassador Kislyak served as the Director of the Department of Security Affairs and Disarmament in the Foreign Ministry. He was previously the Director of the Department of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Foreign Ministry from 1993 to 1995 and Deputy Director from 1991 to 1993. Ambassador Kislyak also served as the Deputy Director of the Department of International Organizations in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR from 1989 to1991. From 1985 to 1989, Ambassador Kislyak was the First Secretary Counselor of the Embassy of the USSR to the United States. Earlier, he was the Second Secretary of the Permanent Mission of the USSR to the UN in New York (1981–1985). Ambassador Kislyak was born in 1950. He graduated from the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in 1973 and from the USSR Academy of Foreign Trade in 1977. Ambassador Kislyak speaks English and French.



keynoteTuesday, March 293:45 pmAmphitheater thoMas Donilon, U.S. National Security Advisor, Executive Office of the President

thomas Donilon is U.S. President Barack Obama’s National Security Advisor. Donilon previously served as the Assistant to the President and the Principal Deputy National Security Advisor. In that role, he was responsible for managing the U.S. Government’s interagency policy development process. Donilon chaired President-elect Obama’s State Department Transition effort. Prior to his government service, Donilon was a Partner at the international law firm of O’Melveny & Myers and served as a member of the firm’s global governing committee. He served as Assistant Secretary of State and Chief of Staff at the U.S. Department of State during the Clinton Administration. In this capacity, Donilon was responsible for the development and implementation of the Department’s major policy initiatives. Donilon received the Secretary of State’s Distinguished Service Award— the Department’s highest award—in November 1996.

Donilon has been a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Aspen Strategy Group, the National Security Advisory Group to the Congressional Leadership, the Brookings Institution Board of Trustees, the Miller Center of Public Affairs Governing Council, and the Trilateral Commission.

He received his undergraduate degree from Catholic University and his law degree from the University of Virginia. He lives in Washington, D.C. with his wife, Cathy Russell, and their children, Sarah (14) and Teddy (11).

c l o s i n g r e c e p t i o ntuesday, March 295:10 pmpolaris

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A N N U A L M E E T I N G

I n s t I t u t e o f n u c l e a r M at e r I a l s M a n a g e M e n t

M a k e P l a n s T o aT T e n d

www.inmm.org/meetings

July 17–21, 2011Desert Springs JW Marriott Resort

Palm Desert, California USA

Join 1,200 of your colleagues from government, government contractors, industry and academia for a four-day meeting discussing all aspects of

nuclear materials management.

Nonproliferation and Arms Control | International Safeguards Facility Operations | Materials Control and Accountability

Nuclear Security and Physical ProtectionPackaging, Transportation and Disposition


The Center for International Trade and Security at the University of Georgia (CITS/UGA) cordially invites you to attend the post-conference panel

The Human Dimension of Nuclear Security

A striking feature of the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C. was its emphasis on the human element as a critical contributing factor to better nuclear security. Its documents referred to security culture as a guiding principle for technical experts, nuclear operators, architect/engineering firms, technology exporters, and other stakeholders. As nuclear power programs expand worldwide, there is a need to tailor security culture to the specific risks and the prevailing national culture in individual countries, especially, in nuclear newcomers. Given the paucity of in-depth research and divergent interpretations, the panel will provide a comprehensive review of the concept and its ongoing implementation, focus on specific tools for achieving sustainable security culture, and discuss options for its further promotion at the 2012 Summit in Seoul.

Panelists: William Keller, CITS/UGA (moderator) Charles Ferguson, Federation of American Scientists Anne Harrington, National Nuclear Security Administration (TBC) Mary Alice Hayward, AREVA Laura Holgate, National Security Council (TBC) Roger Howsley, World Institute of Nuclear Security Jean Jalouneix, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucleair, France Igor Khripunov, CITS/UGA

Where: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

1779 Massachusetts Ave. Washington, DC 20036-2103

When: Wednesday, March 30, 2011 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM (registration and coffee at 8:45 AM)

Space is limited. Please reply to Andrea Pries at [email protected] to reserve a place.

For updates regarding panelists and/or other related information, please visit the CITS/UGA website at: http://www.uga.edu/cits/.

Since 1987, the highly-competitive Herbert Scoville Jr. Peace Fellowship has recruited and trained a new generation of leaders to address international security issues. To date, 132 fellowships have been awarded to outstanding recent college graduates and post-graduates. Once selected by national leaders in the field, Scoville Fellows work for six to nine months at one of twenty-six national public-interest organizations in Washington, D.C. Fellows work on a range of issues including nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons; nonproliferation; missile defense; weapons trade; environmental and energy security; regional security; and peacekeeping. Scoville Fellows attend coalition meetings, policy briefings, and Congressional hearings; they learn from, and are supervised and mentored directly by, senior level staff. Fellows have written important articles, blogs, factsheets, reports, and Op-eds published

by their host organizations and in major newspapers and magazines, and have organized significant policy briefings and conferences. The Scoville program also arranges small meetings for fellows with noted policy experts and members of the Administration. Many Scoville Fellow alumni now serve in prominent positions in peace and security with public-interest organizations, the Federal Government, and in academia. Candidates must have an excellent academic record and a strong, demonstrated interest in issues of peace and security. The program is open to all U.S. citizens and non-U.S. citizens living in the U.S. eligible for employment. Benefits include a generous stipend, health insurance, and travel to Washington, D.C. To learn more or to apply go to www.scoville.org or contact (202) 446-1565 or [email protected].

The Scoville Peace Fellowship B U I L D I N G L E A D E R S H I P S I N C E 1 9 8 7


Conference Exhibitors (AS OF MARCH 18, 2011)

Please take a moment to visit our exhibitors located in the

Amphitheater Foyer for important information and services.

Arms Control Associationwww.armscontrol.org

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistswww.thebulletin.org

Carnegie Endowment for International Peacewww.carnegieendowment.org

The University of GeorgiaCenter for International Trade & Security

www.uga.edu/cits

CSIS Project on Nuclear Issueswww.csis.org

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission

www.ctbto.org

Informa UK Ltd-Routledgewww.routledge.com

International Network for Emerging Nuclear Specialistswww.inens.org

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation StudiesMonterey Institute of International Studies

www.cns.miis.edu

The Nuclear Threat Initiative www.nti.org

The Stanley Foundationwww.stanleyfoundation.org

The U.S. Department of Statewww.state.gov

The Ux Consulting Companywww.uxc.com

c o n f e r e n c e e X h i B i t o r s

p a r t i c i p a n t l i s t


a

Mr. ahmed abdullaCarnegie Mellon University

Dr. James actonCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. stephen adamsU.S. Department of State

Mr. Michael adlerWoodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Ms. Mugeh afshar-tousU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Mr. kayvon afshariCBS News

Dr. christer ahlstromMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden

Ms. rabia akhtarKansas State University

Ms. reem al romaithiCourt of the Crown Prince, Abu Dhabi

Mr. David albrightInstitute for Science and International Security

Mr. sameh alfonseLeague of Arab States

Mr. Justin algerCanadian Centre for Treaty Compliance

Ms. atia aliNational Defense University, Islamabad

ambassador hamad alkaabiMinistry of Foreign Affairs, United Arab Emirates

Ms. shamma almehairbiCourt of the Crown Prince, Abu Dhabi

Dr. Milagros Álvarez-verdugoUniversity of Barcelona

Mr. nissan amdurEmbassy of Israel

ambassador celso amorim

Mr. William amorosoU.S. Department of State

Ms. sarmite andersoneSwedish Radiation Safety Authority

Dr. alexei arbatovCarnegie Moscow Center

Ms. irma arguelloNonproliferation for Global Security Foundation

Dr. eric arnettU. S. Department of State

Ms. Deana arsenianCarnegie Corporation of New York

Mr. Muhammad arshadStrategic Plans Division, Pakistan

Dr. vallampadugai arunachalamStudy of Science, Technology, and Policy

Ms. charlotte atkinsonNuclear Threat Initiative

Mr. eric aunerAmerican Security Project

B

Ms. katherine BachnerU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. paul BalaranCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

air commodore khalid BanuriStrategic Plans Division, Pakistan

Ms. nassima BarrowsU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. kai-henrik BarthGeorgetown University

Mr. stephen BauerSAIC

Dr. emma BelcherCouncil on Foreign Relations

Ms. alexandra BellU.S. Department of State

Dr. kennette BenedictBulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Mr. graham BensonU.S. Government

Mr. Johan BergenasHenry L. Stimson Center

Dr. robert BerlsNuclear Threat Initiative

Mr. patrick BernardU.S. Government Accountability Office

Mr. paul BernsteinNational Defense University

Ms. alisa BeyninsonU.S. Government Accountability Office

commander chris BidwellDefense Threat Reduction Agency

Mr. tom BielefeldHarvard University

Mr. kent BiringerSandia National Laboratories

Ms. terri BlackEmbassy of Australia

Participant List (AS OF MARCH 16, 2011)



Ms. Clare BloomfieldEmbassy of the United Kingdom

Ms. Darci BloyerSAIC

Ms. naila BolusPloughshares Fund

Ms. leila BouanikCourt of the Crown Prince, Abu Dhabi

Mr. Dallas BoydSAIC

Mr. alan BoyerDefense Group, Inc.

Dr. James Bradbury

Mr. paul BrannanInstitute for Science and International Security

Ms. Mindy kay BrickerBulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Mr. Martin BriensPermanent Mission of France to the United Nations

Mr. Jonathan BroderCongressional Quarterly

general shlomo BromInstitute for National Security Studies

Ms. kelly BronkPloughshares Fund

ambassador linton Brooks

Mr. omer BrownOmer F. Brown, II Law Office

colonel Mark BucknamNational War College

Dr. Matthew BunnHarvard University

ambassador susan BurkU.S. Department of State

Ms. see-Won ByunThe Asia Foundation

c

Ms. emily cadeiCongressional Quarterly

Dr. Dan caldwellPepperdine University

Ms. Deborah cardinalU.S. Central Command

Mr. John carlsonAustralian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office

lieutenant colonel Mark carlsonU.S. Air Force

Ms. Jill carneyNew York University

Ms. Jill carneyKforce Government Solutions

Mr. paul carrollPloughshares Fund

Mr. Barry carterGeorgetown University

Mr. tom carverCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. sarah caseNational Academy of Sciences

Ms. valentina cassarUniversity of Malta

Mr. gilles cayatteCANAL+

Mr. greg cefusSavannah River National Laboratory

Mr. larry chamneyCanadian Nuclear Safety Commission

Mr. george chandlerLos Alamos Committee on Arms Control and International Security

Mr. Josh childressJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. sungyeol choiHarvard University

Ms. Deepti choubeyNuclear Threat Initiative

Mr. saurabh Dutta chowdhuryKing’s College London

Ms. Denise chrispim

Mr. Mark christoffersenU.S. Government

Mr. shahram chubinCarnegie Europe

Dr. christopher chybaPrinceton University

Mr. Joseph cirincionePloughshares Fund

Dr. avner cohenJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. elbridge colbyCenter for Naval Analyses

Dr. David colemanUniversity of Virginia

Mr. tom collinaArms Control Association

Mr. gary combs The Ux Consulting Company

Dr. Jeff combsThe Ux Consulting Company

Ms. elise connorU.S. Senate Commitee on Foreign Relations

Ms. Jill cooleyInternational Atomic Energy Agency

Ms. robin copelandCRDF Global

Dr. pierce cordenAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science/Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy



Mr. ralph cossaCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Mr. Matthew cotteeKing’s College London

Mr. peter crailArms Control Today

Mr. samuel cristU.S. Marine Corps (ret.)

Mr. neil cromptonEmbassy of the United Kingdom

Ms. sarah Beth crossPloughshares Fund

Ms. June croweInformation International Associates, Inc.

Mr. David culpFriends Committee on National Legislation

Mr. Dan currySandia National Laboratories

Dr. Willie curtisU.S. Naval Academy

Major philip cushmanU.S. Army

D

Mr. igor DabikSt. Lawrence University

Mr. toby DaltonCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

colonel James Dandridge iiAssociation for Diplomatic Studies and Training

Mr. abdul razak abubakar Danso

Mr. Brian DarnellU.S. Northern Command

Mr. kevin DavisBipartisan Security Group

Mr. Byron DavisU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. scott Davis

Mr. rich DavisonNational War College

Mr. alexey DavydovEmbassy of the United States, Moscow

Ms. Janina deguzmanU.S. Department of State

Dr. chantal De Jonge oudraatUnited States Institute of Peace

Ms. Debra DeckerHarvard University

Ms. rebecca DecrescenzoPepperdine University

Dr. stephen Del rossoCarnegie Corporation of New York

Mr. Jeremy DerryberryUSEC Inc.

Mr. thomas DetersFirst International Resources

Mr. leslie DeWittThe Fund for Peace Initiative

Mr. ahmed Mohamed Dhakol

Dr. Marco DicapuaU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. anatoly DiyakovMoscow Institute of Physics andTechnology

Mr. simon DodgeU.S. Department of State

Mr. steven DolleyInside NRC

Mr. thomas DonilonExecutive Office of the President, The White House

Mr. Jorgen DragsdahlDanish Institute for International Studies

Dr. Mona DreicerLawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Ms. Jessica DrumGryphon Scientific

Mr. gordon DudderPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Mr. sean DunlopU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. Matt DupuisNuclear Threat Initiative

Mr. elmer DykeNAC International, Inc.

e

Mr. Jeffrey eberhardtU.S. Department of State

Mr. peter ehrenbergJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. robert einhornU.S. Department of State

Mr. Wael eldahshanEmbassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Ms. Danielle emcheU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Dr. gerald epsteinAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science

Ms. Jane esbergCenter for International Security and Cooperation

Ms. Barbora esnerovaEmbassy of the Czech Republic

f

Dr. Michael fajnorSwiss Federal Department of Defence

Ms. geraldine fehstU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission



Mr. ed feiU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. charles fergusonFederation of American Scientists

Ms. gabriela fernandezOffice of the Director of National Intelligence

Dr. trevor findlayCanadian Centre for Treaty Compliance

Mr. Brian finlayHenry L. Stimson Center

Mr. enrico fiorentiniJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Ms. Debora fisherU.S. Department of State

Mr. collin fisherUniversity of Kent

Mr. David fiteU.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs

Mr. Mark fitzpatrickInternational Institute for Strategic Studies

Dr. robert floydAustralian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office

Mr. alan foleyArgonne National Laboratory

Ms. Madeleine foleyCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Mr. Dan forbesU.S. Department of State

Dr. geoffrey fordenSandia National Laboratories

Mr. Joel forresterPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Mr. giorgio franceschiniPeace Research Institute Frankfurt

Mr. William frankensteinCarnegie Mellon University

Ms. heidi fransilaEmbassy of Finland

Mr. robert fryeWhistling Communications

g

Mr. Michael gadbawGeorgetown University

Dr. linda galliniU.S. Department of State (ret.)

Dr. David garciaUniversity of Alcalá

Ms. Megan garciaWilliam & Flora Hewlett Foundation

Dr. robert gardCenter for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Dr. turkan gardenierPragmatica Corporation

Dr. John gardenier

Ms. lindsey gehrigU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. francois gereInstitut Français d’Analyse Strategique

Mr. Michael gersonCenter for Naval Analyses

Dr. Wayne glassUniversity of Southern California

Mr. rob golan-vilellaArms Control Association

Mr. steven goldbergArgonne National Laboratory

Dr. pierre goldschmidtCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Mr. Mark goodmanU.S. Department of State

Mr. richard goorevichU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. amy gordonThe John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Ms. rose gottemoellerU.S. Department of State

Mr. sebastian gräfeHeinrich Böll Stiftung North America

Dr. thomas grahamBrookhaven National Laboratory

ambassador thomas graham Jr.Lightbridge Corporation

Dr. f. lincoln grahlfsNational Association of Atomic Veterans

Mr. Mic gribenTetra Tech, Inc.

Mr. aleksandr grigoryevVoice of America Russian Service

Ms. Jennie gromollU.S. Department of State

Ms. elaine grossmanNational Journal Group

Ms. elzbieta gryzioEmbassy of Poland

h

Ms. kristen hajdukInstitute for Defense Analyses

Mr. hidehiro hamahataMinistry of Defense, Japan

Dr. roger hamburgUniversity of Indiana

Dr. hua hanPeking University

Dr. Joshua handlerU.S. Department of State



Ms. Melissa hanhamJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. robert hanniganForeign and Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom

Ms. erin harbaughU.S. Department of State

Mr. toru hareyamaMinistry of Defense, Japan

Mr. steve harperDefense Nuclear Weapons School

Mr. Matthew harriesKing’s College London

Ms. kate harrisonThe Institute of World Politics

Mr. richard hartmanU.S. Department of State

Mr. William hartungArms and Security Initiative

ambassador hussein hassounaThe League of Arab States

Mr. cole harveyJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. shaun hayeslipU.S. Department of State

Ms. Mary alice hayward

Mr. olli heinonenHarvard University

Dr. karen hendersonU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Mr. Mark hibbsCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Ms. kazuko hikawaEmbassy of Japan

Ms. Janette hillU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. lisa hilliardWorld Institute for Nuclear Security

Ms. corey hindersteinNuclear Threat Initiative

Ms. kayla hinrichsMissouri State University

Mr. kazuhiko hirutaFederation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Mr. roger hodgkinsOffice of National Assessments, Australia

Mr. William hoehnU.S. Government Accountability Office

Dr. Milton hoenigInternational Center for Terrorism Studies

Mr. allen holtFogarty International Center

Ms. Jennifer holzmanU.S. Nuclear Regualtory Commission

Mr. peter hongStanford University

Mr. Daniel hornerArms Control Today

Mr. liviu horovitzCenter for Security Studies

Ms. nicola horsburghUniversity of Oxford

Dr. roger howsleyWorld Institute for Nuclear Security

Ms. amy hullGarten Rothkopf

Dr. Marc humphreyU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. gretchen hundPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Ms. elena hushbeckArgonne National Laboratory

Dr. syed rifaat hussainQuaid-i-Azam University

Ms. lara husseinyLightbridge Corporation

Mr. David hutchisonEmbassy of Canada

Ms. outi hyvarinenMinistry for Foreign Affairs, Finland

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Dr. alan icenhourOak Ridge National Laboratory

Dr. edward ifftU. S. Department of State

Ms. ellie immermanCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Mr. paul ingramBritish American Security Information Council

Mr. taro ishidaThe Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Mr. tomoaki ishigakiPermanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations

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Ms. nathalie JaarsmaEmbassy of Norway

Mr. Javed JabbarJ.J. Media, Ltd.

Mr. Jean JalouneixL’Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

Mr. Mark JanssonCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Dr. Wayne JaquithPeace Philanthropy Project



Mr. David JarvisLockheed Martin, U.K.

ambassador peter JenkinsGeneva Centre for Security Policy

Mr. rongsong JihU.S. Department of State

Dr. ken JimboKeio University

Dr. rebecca JohnsonAcronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy

Ms. shirley JohnsonTucker Creek Consulting

Mr. David JonasU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. chris JonesCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Dr. rodney JonesPolicy Architects International

Mr. christopher JonesUniversity of Washington

Mr. Jofi JosephU.S. Department of State

Ms. céline JurgensenPermanent Mission of France to the United Nations

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Ms. elaine kanasewichCanadian Nuclear Safety Commission

Dr. Jungmin kangSAIS

Mr. Jonathan kaplanU.S. Department of State

Dr. togzhan kassenovaCenter for International Trade and Security

Dr. Mujid kazimiMassachusetts Institute of Technology

lieutenant Zahir kazmiNational Defense University, Islamabad

Mr. James kearneyUnited Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Ms. frances keelU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. William kellerCenter for International Trade and Security

Ms. alison kellyDepartment of Foreign Affairs, Ireland

Mr. paul kerrCongressional Research Service

Ms. carol kesslerBrookhaven National Laboratory

Dr. richard kesslerU.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs

Ms. selina khanInstitute of Strategic Studies Islamabad

Dr. igor khripunovCenter for International Trade and Security

Dr. Joanna kiddKing’s College London

Ms. Duyeon kimCenter for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Mr. Daryl kimballArms Control Association

ambassador sergey kislyakEmbassy of the Russian Federation

Mr. orde kittrieArizona State University

Mr. Marion klinglerU.S. Government

Ms. phyllis ko

The Pennsylvania State UniversityDr. susan koch

Mr. Mark kohutU.S. Department of the Navy

Ms. lenka kollarU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. todd konkelU.S. Mission to International Organizations in Vienna

Ms. natella konstantinovaU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. chad kreikemeierOffice of U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen

Mr. Michael kreponThe Henry L. Stimson Center

Mr. hans kristensenFederation of American Scientists

Mr. Bernd kubbigPeace Research Institute Frankfurt

Ms. leah kuchinskyU. S. Department of State

Mr. lukasz kulesaNational Security Bureau, Poland

ambassador robert kupieckiEmbassy of Poland

Mr. andrew kurzrokYale University

Dr. sara kutchesfahaniLos Alamos National Laboratory

Ms. eun-ha kwonKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute

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Dr. edward laceyU.S. Department of State

Mr. Burgess lairdInstitute for Defense Analyses

Mr. Bruce larkin



University of California, Santa CruzDr. peter lavoyOffice of the Director of National Intelligence

Mr. samuel ledererThe Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Dr. chung Min leeYonsei University

Dr. Merle lefkoffArs Publica

Ms. rena lembergU.S. Government

Ms. sarah lennonU.S. Department of State

Mr. robert leonardPloughshares Fund

Mr. alan lernerU.S. Government

Mr. Daniel lernerU.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services

Mr. Brian lessenberryNational Intelligence Council

Dr. Michael leviCouncil on Foreign Relations

Dr. edward levineU.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Mr. glen levisU.S. Government Accountability Office

Dr. ariel leviteCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. Jeffrey lewisNew America Foundation

Ms. Jill lewisU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. Bin liTsinghua University/Carnegie Endowment for

International PeaceMr. alexander liebowitzU.S. Department of State

Ms. christina lindborgBritish American Security Information Council

Dr. ulf lindellPermanent Mission of Sweden in Geneva

Mr. klaus linsenmeierHeinrich Böll Stiftung North America

Mr. lee litmanEmbassy of the United Kingdom

Mr. robert littleU.S. Department of Commerce

Dr. robert litwakWoodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Mr. Dunbar lockwoodU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. terri lodgeU.S. Department of State

Mr. Benjamin loehrkePloughshares Fund

Mr. paul longsworthFluor

Ms. rebecca longsworthKeen Management Solutions, LLCMs.

Maria lorenzo sobradoUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Dr. Micah lowenthalNational Academy of ScienceCenter for International Security and Cooperation

Mr. Jeff lucasNuclear Threat Initiative

Dr. carl lundgrenJonah Speaks

Mr. kenneth luongoPartnership for Global Security



Dr. edwin lymanUnion of Concerned Scientists

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Mr. Don MacDonaldU.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee

Ms. carmen MacDougallNuclear Threat Initiative

Dr. allison MacfarlaneGeorge Mason University

Ms. Jenifer MackbyCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Ms. cécile MaisonneuveAREVA

Ms. salma MalikQuaid-i-Azam

Ms. sajida MansoorSouth Asian Strategic Stability Institute

Mr. kevin MaraCenter for International Trade and Security

Ms. Michelle MarchesanoPartnership for Global Security

Mr. paul kawika MartinPeace Action

Ms. olga MartinU.S. Department of Energy

Dr. Jessica MathewsCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Mr. Martin MatishakGlobal Security Newswire

colonel John Mark MattoxDefense Threat Reduction University

Mr. philip MaxonNew America Foundation

Ms. lauren MayrosU.S. Nuclear Regualtory Commission

lisa MccabeBulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Ms. amanda MccarthyPepperdine University

Mr. adrian McDaidEmbassy of Ireland

Mr. Joseph McgheeUniversity of California

Mr. patrick McginnU.S. Government

Mr. keegan McgrathComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization

Mr. Jonathan MclaughlinNatural Resources Defense Council

Dr. Jonathan MedaliaCongressional Research Service

Dr. oliver MeierUniversity of Hamburg

Dr. richard MeserveCarnegie Institution for Science

Ms. patricia MetzU.S. Department of State

ambassador paul MeyerSimon Fraser University

Mr. Marvin MillerMassachusetts Institute of Technology

ambassador William MillerSearch for Common Ground

Mr. franklin MillerThe Scowcroft Group

Ms. Danielle MillerU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. Ben MiltonEmbassy of Australia

Ms. Marguerite MininniU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. kimberly MisherCarnegie Endowment for

International PeaceMr. stephen MladineoPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Mr. timothy MorrisonOffice of U.S. Senator Jon Kyl

Dr. Matthew MoranKing’s College London

Mr. alexis MorelEmbassy of France

Mr. howard MorlandNational Security Archive

Major robert MoschellaU.S. Air Force

Mr. kari MottolaMinistry for Foreign Affairs, Finland

ambassador seyed MousavianPrinceton University

Mr. rogers MugerwaMukerere University

Ms. gaukhar MukhatzhanovaJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Ms. Michelle MunnU.S. Government Accountability Office

Ms. chantell MurphyLos Alamos National Laboratory

Mr. Damian MurphyOffice of U.S. Senator Bob Casey

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ambassador roald naessEmbassy of Norway, Tehran

Dr. vipin narangMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Ms. carol naughtonBritish Pugwash Group

Ms. aisha naveedSouth Asian Strategic Stability Institute



Ms. Mary nayakConsultant

Mr. William nellThe Aspen Institute

Dr. robert nelsonU.S. Department of State

Dr. andrew newmanNuclear Threat Initiative

Dr. charles newsteadU.S. Department of State

Ms. patricia Moore nicholasCarnegie Corporation of New York

Dr. thomas nicholsU.S. Naval War College

Ms. Mary Beth nikitinCongressional Research Service

Dr. Dmitriy nikonovCenter for International Trade and Security

Mr. Michiru nishidaDelegation of Japan to the Conference on Disarmament

Dr. robert norrisNatural Resources Defense Council

Ms. Judith nortonCenter for International Trade and Security

Dr. ali nouriOffice of U.S. Senator Jim Webb

Mr. Warren nowlinWilliams Mullen

Mr. alfred nurjaArms Control Association

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Dr. andrew o’neilGriffith Asia Institute

Ms. stacie oliverOffice of U.S. Senator Bob Corker

Ms. rozanne oliver

Ms. laicie olsonCenter for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Mr. Jim ostroffPlatts

Ms. rachel oswaldGlobal Security Newswire

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Ms. Winsome packerU.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Ms. sobia saeed parachaSouth Asian Strategic Stability Institute

Ms. lareina parkerU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. reid paulyPloughshares Fund

Mr. Dennis pellegrinoOerlikon Leybold Vacuum USA, Inc.

Dr. Benoit pelopidasJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Ms. anne penkethBritish American Security Information Council

Ms. susan pepperBrookhaven National Laboratory

Mr. David peranteauU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. charles perkinsAmerican Israel Public Affairs Committee

Dr. george perkovichCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. todd perryU.S. Department of Energy



Mr. andreas persboVerification Research, Training and Information Centre

Mr. Jeff phillipsU.S. Government Accountability Office

Ms. Michelle phillipsInforma UK Ltd-Routledge

Mr. nicholas pickardForeign and Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom

Dr. andrew pierreUnited States Institute of Peace

Dr. Joseph pilatLos Alamos National Laboratory

Ms. sarah poeJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. george pomeroyU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. Miles pomperJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. roland poppCenter for Security Studies

Dr. William potterJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Dr. arian pregenzerSandia National Laboratories

Mr. eyal propperMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Israel

Ms. Jane purcellU.S. Department of State

Mr. ron purverGovernment of Canada

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Mr. Brian radzinskyCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. lubna ranaU.S. Department of State

Dr. tariq raufInternational Atomic Energy Agency

Dr. John redickProspect Hill Foundation

Dr. everett redmondNuclear Energy Institute

Dr. laura reedUniversity of Massachusetts

Ms. sherry rehmanJinnah Institute

Mr. kingston reifThe Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Ms. sonya reines-DjivanidesSearch for Common Ground

Mr. christhian rengifoUx Consulting Company

Ms. Dianne rennackCongressional Research Service

Mr. John rennieEmbassy of Canada

Mr. gilles riauxL’Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l’Ecole Militaire

Ms. Marcie riesU.S. Department of State

Dr. stanley rivelesInstitute for Defense Analyses

Mr. guy robertsNorth American Treaty Alliance Headquarters

Mr. carl robichaudCarnegie Corporation of New York

Mr. chris robinsonU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. nick robsonSouth Asian Strategic Stability Institute

Ms. cheryl roferPhronesisaical

Dr. sergey rogovThe Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies

Ms. Joan RohlfingNuclear Threat Initiative

Dr. Michael rosenthalBrookhaven National Laboratory

Dr. thomas rotnemSouthern Polytechnic State University

Mr. irving rotterSidely Austin, LLP

Ms. Mahsa rouhiHarvard University

Mr. chris royseParsons Transportation Group

Mr. Benjamin rusekNational Academy of Science/Center for International Security and Cooperation

Mr. Dean rustU.S. Department of State (ret.)

Ms. lynn rustenU.S. Department of State

Ms. amanda rynesIdaho National Laboratory



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Ms. lora saalmanCarnegie—Tsinghua Center for Global Policy

Mr. karim sadjadpourCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Mr. alexander saltmanOffice of U.S. Representative Adam Schiff

Mr. vlad sambaiewThe Stanley Foundation

Ms. natalia saraevaBlue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future

Dr. karthika sasikumarSan Jose State

Dr. lawrence satkowiakOak Ridge National Laboratory

Dr. noman sattarNational Defense University, Islamabad

Ms. camille sawakRAND Corporation

ambassador teresita schaffer

Ms. ilka schantzOffice of German Bundestag Member Ms. Elke Hoff

Mr. oliver schmidtHarvard University

Mr. grant schneiderGeorge Washington University

Mr. paul schulteCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Ms. kathryn schultzU.S. Department of State

Mr. stephen schwartzJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. glenn schweitzerNational Academy of Sciences

Mr. peter scoblicU.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Dr. andrew semmelAKS Consulting

Mr. philip sewellUSEC, Inc.

Ms. Meha shahU.S. Department of State

ambassador Mohamed shakerEgyptian Council for Foreign Affairs

ambassador khaled shamaaMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Egypt

Ms. patricia shamaiUniversity of Southampton

Mr. Mike shawEmbassy of New Zealand

Dr. Douglas shawGeorge Washington University

colonel timothy sheaU.S. Department of Defense

Mr. Misha sidorskyDartmouth College

Mr. Jared silbermanU.S. Navy

Ms. lynda singletaryOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

Dr. francis slakeyAmerican Physical Society

Ms. elizabeth smiroldoU.S. Nuclear Regualtory Commission

Dr. shane smithNational Defense University

Mr. Bryan smithU.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

Ms. Wendin smith

Ms. Jennifer smyserThe Stanley Foundation

Ms. taissa sobolevU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. rebecca söderbergMinistry for Foreign Affairs, Sweden

Mr. simon sohonyayU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. elena sokovaJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. Jay solomonThe Wall Street Journal

Mr. haakon sommersetDefence Staff, Norway

Dr. robert sooferOffice of U.S. Senator Jon Kyl

Ms. elaine spechtBattelle Memorial Institute

Mr. leonard spectorJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Dr. richard speier

Ms. tamara spitzer-hobeikaCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Ms. sharon squassoniCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Mr. eric stahlU.S. Nuclear Regualtory Commission

Dr. Joseph stainback, ivU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. carlton stoiberInternational Nuclear Law Association



Dr. James stoneBoston University

Dr. page stoutlandNuclear Threat Initiative

Mr. Michael stranskyU.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee

Mr. richard stratfordU.S. Department of State

Ms. andrea strickerInstitute for Science and International Security

Ms. Ann-Sofie StudeEmbassy of Finland

Dr. Mark suhPugwash Conferences

Ms. Maria sultanSouth Asian Strategic Stability Institute

Dr. William sutcliffeLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ret.)

Ms. sally sutcliffeLivermore, California School District

Mr. Jeremy suttenbergU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Dr. tatsujiro suzukiJapan Atomic Energy Commission

Mr. robert swartzU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. Margaret swinkPloughshares Fund

Dr. John szymanskiOffice of Science and Technology Policy, The White House

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Dr. Maher tadrosU.S. Department of State

Mr. puneet talwarNational Security Council, The White House

Dr. Benn tannenbaumSandia National Laboratories

Dr. raymond tanterGeorgetown University

Ms. sadia tasleemQuaid-i-Azam University

Mr. angus tavernerB’huth, Dubai Consultancy Research and Media Centre

Mr. aso tavitianCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. Saad TawfikUniversity of Baghdad

Mr. terence taylorInternational Council for the Life Sciences

Ms. Mi ae taylorU.S. Congressional Research Service

Dr. ashley tellisCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Ms. Denise tennantU.S. Department of Defense

Ms. veronica tesslerThe Stanley Foundation

Mr. greg thielmannArms Control Association

ambassador John thomsonMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Mr. chuck thorntonUniversity of Maryland

Dr. oliver thränertGerman Institute for International

and Security AffairsDr. annika thunborgComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization

Ms. leonor tomeroU.S. House Committee on Armed Services

Mr. peter topychkanovCarnegie Moscow Center

Mr. egil tronstadDefence Staff, Norway

Mr. louis tuckerU.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

Ms. nyamosor tuyaPermanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations

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Mr. Warren uhlerU.S. Government

Mr. sinan ÜlgenCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Ms. hanne ulrichsenEmbassy of Norway

Ms. lovely umayamHenry L. Stimson Center

Mr. Michael urenaU.S. Department of State

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Mr. henk cor van der kwastMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands

Mr. vann van DiepenU.S. Department of State

Mr. Michael vanceU.S. Department of State

Ms. Jessica varnumJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies



Ms. Jane vaynmanHarvard University

Ms. cindy vestergaardDanish Institute for International Studies

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Mr. Detlef WaechterCarnegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr. William WalkerUniversity of Saint Andrews

Mr. David WallU.S. Department of Energy

Ms. christina WalrondInstitute for Science and International Security

Mr. Drew WalterU.S. House Committee on Armed Services

Mr. Wilfred WanUniversity of California, Irvine

Dr. Barclay WardThe University of the South

Ms. roberta WarrenU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Ms. stephanie WattersU.S. Navy

Mr. andrew WeberU.S. Department of Defense

Mr. timothy WestmyerGeorgetown University

Ms. anne-charlotte Merrell WetterwikCenter for International Trade and Security

Dr. Michael WheelerInstitute for Defense Analyses

Mr. Martin WhiteBritish Defense Staff—U.S.

Dr. andreas WidlOerlikon Leybold Vacuum

Mr. anthony WierU.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Ms. katarina WilhelmsenSwedish Defence Research Agency

Dr. peter WilkPhysicians for Social Responsibility

Ms. sarah WilliamsAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science

Ms. heather WilliamsKing’s College London

Ms. sarah WilliamsLos Alamos National Laboratory

Ms. isabelle WilliamsNuclear Threat Initiative

Ms. Brittany WilliamsonU.S. Government

Mr. Ward WilsonJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. tracy WilsonPacific Northrwest National Laboratory

Dr. rodney WilsonSandia National Laboratories

Mr. ralf WirtzOerlikon

Dr. David WolfeOppenheimer Institute for Science and International Cooperation

Mr. Dennis WongM. H. Chew & Associates

Ms. Jung-Min WooCenter for Strategic and International Studies

Ms. frances WoodForeign and Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom



Mr. houston WoodUniversity of Virginia

Mr. scott WoodsU.S. Government

Mr. robert WoodwardU.S. Government

Ms. amy WoolfCongressional Research Service

Ms. Janey WrightU.S. Department of State

ambassador norman WulfU.S. Department of State (ret.)

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Mr. tsukasa yamamuraJapan Atomic Energy Agency

Dr. Mary anne yatesArgonne National Laboratory

Mr. thomas youngJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Mr. stephen youngUnion of Concerned Scientists

Dr. yuri yudinUnited Nations Institute for Disarmament Research

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Dr. larissa ZagaytovaU.S. Department of Energy

Mr. Motaz ZahranEmbassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Mr. Abdul-Hafiz Zakaria BoansiAl-Madinah International University

Mr. robert ZarateU.S. House of Representatives

Ms. nasim ZehraDunya Television Pakistan

Ms. alexis ZeigerHomeland Security Institute

Dr. hui ZhangHarvard University

Dr. shiping ZhengBentley University

Dr. yun ZhouHarvard University

Mr. lukasz ZielinskiPermanent Mission of Poland to the United Nations

Ms. farrah ZughniArms Control Association

Dr. Zachary ZwaldU.S. Air War College

Mr. charles ZwickCarnegie Endowment for International Peace


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CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE1779 Massachusetts Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20036-2103Phone: 1.202.483.7600Fax: 1.202.483.1840www.CarnegieEndowment.orginfo@CarnegieEndowment.org

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About The Carnegie EndowmentThe Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States. Founded in 1910, its work is nonpartisan and dedicated to achieving practical results.

As it celebrates its Centennial, the Carnegie Endowment is pioneering the first global think tank, with flourishing offices now in Washington, Moscow, Beijing, Beirut, and Brussels. These five locations include the centers of world governance and the places whose political evolution and international policies will most determine the near-term possibilities for international peace and economic advance.


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About the Nuclear Policy Program The Carnegie Nuclear Policy Program is an internationally acclaimed source of expertise and policy thinking on a range of nuclear issues, including arms control and disarmament, nonproliferation, nuclear energy, and international security and deterrence.

A primary strategic objective of Carnegie’s work is to develop and disseminate understanding of the challenges facing the “old” nuclear order and the real requirements of building an effective 21st century nuclear order. This is an analytic challenge pertaining to technology, nuclear industry, regional security and deterrence, P-5 interests and policies, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the interests of the Non-Aligned Movement. Likewise, Carnegie intends to facilitate policies and actions by governments in order to shore up the current order while also laying the foundation for the refurbished one. This is a challenge and objective of policy and diplomatic work with key governments, industry leaders, and personnel associated with international agencies.

The Nuclear Policy Program shares its findings, analyses, and recommendations through public and private workshops and conferences, publications, media outreach, and internet communications such as Proliferation News, a free, twice-weekly summary of nuclear-related news and Carnegie analysis. The Program’s signature event is the semi-annual International Nuclear Policy Conference held in Washington, D.C. The conference brings together upwards of 700 government officials, policy and technical experts, industry leaders, academics, and media in order to explore innovative approaches to promoting important policy agendas.

Blending extensive academic, industry, and governmental experience, Carnegie’s multilateral staff is at the forefront of nuclear policy issues in the United States, Russia, China, Europe, Northeast Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. The Program is led by Dr. George Perkovich, joined by international experts resident at the Carnegie Centers in Washington, D.C., Beijing, Moscow, and Brussels, as well as in Bonn, Brussels, Geneva, London, and Tel Aviv.


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Carnegie Staff BiographiesJ e s s i c a t . M a t h e W s

p r e s i D e n t , c a r n e g i e e n D o W M e n t f o r i n t e r n a t o n a l p e a c e

Jessica t. Mathews was appointed the President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1997. Her career included posts in the executive and legislative branches of government, in management and research in the non-profit arena, and in journalism and science policy. She was the Director of the Council on Foreign Relations’ Washington Program and a Senior Fellow from 1994 to 1997. While there, she published her seminal 1997 Foreign Affairs article, “Power Shift,” chosen by the editors as one of the most influential in the journal’s 75 years.

From 1982 to 1993, she was the founding Vice President and Director of Research of the World Resources Institute, an internationally known center for policy research on environmental and natural resource management issues. She served on the editorial board of the Washington Post from 1980 to 1982, covering energy, environment, science, technology, arms control, health, and other issues. Later, she became a weekly columnist for the Washington Post, writing a popular weekly column that appeared nationwide and in the International Herald Tribune. From 1977 to 1979, she was the Director of the Office of Global Issues of the National Security Council, covering nuclear proliferation, conventional arms sales, and human rights. In 1993, she returned to government as the Deputy to the Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs. Earlier, she served on the staff of the Committee on Energy and the Environment of the Interior Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Mathews has served as a trustee of leading national and international non-profits, currently including, the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Nuclear Threat Initiative, and the International Crisis Group. She previously has served on the boards of Radcliffe College, the Inter-American Dialogue (Co-Vice Chair), the Rockefeller Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Century Foundation, the Brookings Institution, the Surface Transportation Policy Project (Co-Founder), the Joyce Foundation, and the Population Reference Bureau. She has served on study groups of the National Academy of Sciences, is an elected member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Philosophical Society. Since 2001, she has served as a Director of SomaLogic, Inc., a leading biotech firm in the breakthrough field of proteomics. She has also been a Director of HanesBrands, Inc. Mathews holds a bachelor’s of science degree, magna cum laude, from Radcliffe College and a doctorate in Molecular Biology from the California Institute of Technology.

n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M — W a s h i n g t o n , D . c .

g e o r g e p e r k o v i c h

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george perkovich is the Vice President for Studies and the Director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. He conducts research on nuclear strategy and nonproliferation, with a focus on South Asia, Iran, and the problem of justice in the international political economy. He is the author of the award-winning book India’s Nuclear Bomb (University of California Press, 2001) and co-author of the Adelphi Paper, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons (IISS, 2008). This paper is the basis of the book, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: A Debate, which includes seventeen critiques by thirteen eminent international commentators. Perkovich is also the co-author of the major Carnegie report, Universal Compliance: A Strategy for Nuclear Security, a blueprint for rethinking the international nuclear nonproliferation regime. The report offers a fresh approach for dealing with states and terrorists, nuclear weapons, and fissile materials to ensure global safety and security. Perkovich served as a speechwriter and foreign policy adviser to Senator Joseph Biden from 1989 to 1990. Perkovich is an adviser to the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations’ Task Force on



U.S. Nuclear Policy. t o B y D a l t o n

D e p u t y D i r e c t o r , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

toby Dalton is the Deputy Director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. An expert on nonproliferation and nuclear energy, his research focuses on cooperative nuclear security initiatives and the management of nuclear challenges in South Asia and East Asia. From 2002–2010, Dalton served in a variety of high-level positions at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Most recently, he was the Acting Director for the Office of Nuclear Safeguards and Security, where he implemented the U.S. Next Generation Safeguards Initiative and international nuclear security programs. Previously, he established and led the Department’s office at the U.S. Embassy in Pakistan. While at DOE, Dalton was also the Senior Policy Advisor to the Office of Nonproliferation and International Security, addressing issues relating to IAEA safeguards, the nonproliferation regime, and a range of countries, including Pakistan, India, China, North Korea, and Israel.

M a r k h i B B s

s e n i o r a s s o c i a t e

Mark hibbs is a Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Bonn, Germany. Before joining Carnegie and for over 20 years, he was an editor and correspondent for the nuclear energy publications published by the Platts division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, including Nucleonics Week and Nuclear Fuel. Hibbs started at McGraw-Hill as the European Editor, then became Editor for Asia-Pacific, and finally, Senior Correspondent. From the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, he covered nuclear developments in the Soviet bloc, including research on the Soviet Union’s nuclear fuel cycle facilities and its nuclear materials inventories. Recently, his work has focused on emerging nuclear programs in Asia, including China and India. Since 2003, he has made many detailed findings about clandestine procurement in Europe related to gas centrifuge uranium enrichment programs in Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Pakistan.

J a M e s a c t o na s s o c i a t e , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

James acton is an Associate and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. A physicist by training, Acton is a co-author of the Adelphi Paper, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons, and a co-editor of the follow-up volume, Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: A Debate. He has just completed a major study on deterrence at low numbers. His findings will be published in an Adelphi Paper, Deterrence During Disarmament: Deep Nuclear Reductions and International Security and in a Carnegie Policy Report, Low Numbers: A Practical Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions. Acton is a co-chair of the Next Generation Working Group on U.S.-Russia Arms Control and a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials. He holds a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge University.



D e t l e f W a e c h t e rv i s i t i n g s c h o l a r , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

Detlef Waechter is a Visiting Scholar in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, where his research focuses on NATO, nuclear security, and disarmament policy. His background is in the German Diplomatic Service. Waechter joined the Berlin Federal Chancellery in 2007 as a Director, focusing on bilateral relations with the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and Turkey; the Iranian Nuclear Program; NATO; and the OSCE. From 2005 to 2007, Waechter was the German Representative to the NATO-Russia Council Preparatory Committee in Brussels. Prior to that, he was at the Political Department of the Federal Foreign Ministry in Berlin (2002–2005), focusing on all-European Security and the OSCE. Waechter also served at the German Embassies in Helsinki (1999–2002) and Cairo (1997–1999). From 1994 to 1997, he worked at the Federal Foreign Ministry in Bonn, Germany.

k a r i M s a D J a D p o u ra s s o c i a t e , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M a n D M i D D l e e a s t p r o g r a M

karim sadjadpour is an Associate at the Carnegie Endowment. He joined Carnegie after four years as the Chief Iran Analyst at the International Crisis Group, where he conducted dozens of interviews with senior Iranian officials, and hundreds with Iranian intellectuals, clerics, dissidents, paramilitaries, businessmen, students, activists, and youth. Frequently called upon to brief U.S., EU, and Asian officials about Middle Eastern affairs, he regularly testifies before Congress, has lectured at Harvard, Princeton, and Stanford Universities, and has been the recipient of numerous academic awards, including a Fulbright scholarship. In 2007, Sadjadpour was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

M a D e l e i n e f o l e y

p r o g r a M a s s i s t a n t , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

Madeleine foley is the Program Assistant for the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Her research interests include the nuclear fuel cycle, the indigenization of nuclear power production capabilities, and U.S.-Russia relations. Prior to joining Carnegie, she worked at the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. She earned her bachelor’s degree in International Relations at the George Washington University’s Elliot School for International Affairs and is currently pursuing a master’s degree in Security Studies at Georgetown University. She speaks French and Russian.

e l l i e i M M e r M a nJ u n i o r f e l l o W , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

ellie immerman is the Junior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Immerman’s research interests include the interplay between discordant deterrence logics, the emergence of new nonproliferation actors, and nuclear strategy, with a focus on Latin America and the Middle East. Originally involved in neurobiology research, Immerman first delved into the domain of unconventional weapons as a Metcalf Intern at the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and later as an Intern at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, contributing to research on 123 agreements and the potential misuse of advances in chemistry and neuroscience. Immerman graduated with honors from the University of Chicago in 2010, where she majored in International Studies and minored in Mathematics and Russian. Her undergraduate thesis addressed credibility and the dynamics of negotiating nuclear rollback; she conducted case studies on Libya, Syria, and the Ukraine.



k i M B e r l y M i s h e r

p r o g r a M M a n a g e r , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

kimberly Misher is the Program Manager for the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, where she is responsible for leading the 2011 Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference. Her research interests include ballistic missile defense, extended deterrence, and the role of disarmament in long-term Russian foreign policy planning. Her recent publications include Carnegie Outlooks Why Obama is Right on Missile Defense—What’s Next? and Egyptian Nuclear Leadership—Time to Realign and Proliferation Analysis and “Stop the START Scare” (coauth. B. Radzinsky). Misher graduated with honors from Brown University in 2007, was a Kathryn Davis Fellow in Russian language at Middlebury College in 2008, and a Carnegie Junior Fellow from 2008 to 2009. She will continue her studies at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in September 2011.

B r i a n r a D Z i n s k yp r o J e c t c o o r D i n a t o r , n u c l e a r p o l i c y p r o g r a M

Brian radzinsky is a Project Coordinator and Research Assistant in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Radzinsky coordinates Carnegie’s special cooperative initiatives with governments and the nuclear industry. His research interests include nuclear cooperation and Sino-South Asian relations. Radzinsky joined Carnegie as a Junior Fellow in 2009, authoring the Proliferation Analysis “Stop the START Scare” (coauth. K. Misher). He has also provided extensive research support for the Carnegie Report Low Numbers: A Practical Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions as well as the Adelphi Paper Deterrence During Disarmament: Deep Nuclear Reductions and International Security. Radzinsky graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Political Science from

Reed College.

s h a h r a M c h u B i n

n o n r e s i D e n t s e n i o r a s s o c i a t e

shahram chubin is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Geneva, Switzerland. Chubin’s research focuses on nonproliferation, terrorism, and Middle East security issues. Chubin was the Director of Studies at the Geneva Center for Security Policy from 1996 to 2009. A specialist in the security problems of the Middle East region, he has been a consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense, the RAND Corporation, and the United Nations. He has been the Director of Regional Security Studies at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a Resident Fellow at the Wilson Center, and a Fellow at the Hudson Institute. Chubin has taught at various universities including the Graduate School of International Studies in Geneva and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.

p i e r r e g o l D s c h M i D t


pierre goldschmidt is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Brussels, Belgium. Goldschmidt is also a member of the Board of Directors for the Association Vinçotte Nuclear and a member of the European Nuclear Society’s High Scientific Council. Goldschmidt was the Deputy Director-General and the Head of the Department of Safeguards at the IAEA from 1999 to 2005. For twelve years prior, Goldschmidt was the Director-General of SYNATOM, the company responsible for the fuel supply and spent fuel management of seven Belgian nuclear plants. Goldschmidt was a member of the Directoire of EURODIF, the French uranium enrichment company. He also served as the Chairman of the Uranium Institute in London. In November 2005, he became Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Brussels.



a r i e l l e v i t e


ariel levite is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in Tel Aviv, Israel. Earlier, Levite was the Principal Deputy Director-General for Policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (2002–2007), a Visiting Fellow at Stanford’s CISAC (2000–2002), the Deputy Israeli National Security Advisor (Defense Policy; 1999–2000), and the Head of the Bureau of International Security at the Israeli Ministry of Defense. Before his government service, Levite worked as a Senior Research Associate at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. He has authored numerous books and articles on issues of strategy, military doctrine, deterrence, arms control, proliferation, and intelligence. He holds a Ph.D. in Government from Cornell University. Levite has taught courses on security studies and political science at Tel Aviv University, Cornell University, and the University of California, Davis.

p a u l s c h u l t e


paul schulte is a Nonresident Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based in London, U.K. His research focuses on the future of deterrence, nuclear strategy, nuclear nonproliferation, and cyber security. Additionally, Schulte is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of London at King’s College and at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He previously served as the Chief Speechwriter to two U.K. Defense Secretaries, as the Director of Proliferation and Arms Control for the U.K. Ministry of Defense, and as the U.K. Commissioner on UNSCOM and UNMOVIC (1997–2002). Schulte also worked in Iraq’s Coalition Provisional Authority and was the founding head of the United Kingdom’s Post-Conflict Reconstruction Unit (2004–2005) involved in planning the initial, integrated, British civil-military campaign in Helmand Province in Afghanistan.

c a r n e g i e M o s c o W c e n t e r — M o s c o W , r u s s i a

D M i t i r i t r e n i n

D i r e c t o r , c a r n e g i e M o s c o W c e n t e r

Dmitri trenin is the Director of the Carnegie Moscow Center and has been with the Center since its inception. In 1993, Trenin held posts of Senior Research Fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Europe in Moscow. He served in the Soviet and Russian Armed Forces from 1972 to 1993, including working as a liaison officer in the External Relations Branch of the Group of Soviet Forces (stationed in Potsdam) and as a staff member of the delegation to the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms talks in Geneva from 1985 to 1991. He also taught at the War Studies Department of the Military Institute from 1986 to 1993.



a l e X e i a r B a t o v

s c h o l a r - i n - r e s i D e n c e , c a r n e g i e M o s c o W c e n t e r

alexei arbatov is the Chair of the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center and the Head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbatov has played a leading role in the politics of Russia as a member of the Russian Duma in 1994 to 2003 and as a Deputy Chairman of the Yabloko Party from 2001 to the present. Arbatov is a member of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, Vice President of the Luxembourg Forum for Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe, a member of the Governing Board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, International Advisory Board of the Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, and the Board of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies.

p e t e r t o p y c h k a n o v

a s s o c i a t e , c a r n e g i e M o s c o W c e n t e r

peter topychkanov is an Associate and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow in the Nonproliferation Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center. He is a Senior Researcher at the Center for International Security at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is also a member of the editorial board of the Nuclear Club Journal (Russia). His research focuses on approaches to further integrating India and Pakistan into the nonproliferation regime and links Carnegie’s work in Moscow and Washington on this topic. Previously, Topychkanov served in the Russian Armed Forces (2003–2004) and worked in the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate (2002–2003). Topychkanov earned his doctorate in History from Moscow State University in 2008.

c a r n e g i e — t s i n g h u a c e n t e r f o r g l o B a l p o l i c y

p a u l h a e n l eD i r e c t o r , c a r n e g i e — t s i n g h u a c e n t e r f o r g l o B a l p o l i c yPaul Haenle is the Director of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center in Beijing, China. Prior to joining Carnegie, he served from June 2007 to June 2009 as the Director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolian Affairs on the National Security Council staffs of former President George W. Bush and President Barack H. Obama. From June 2007 to January 2009, Haenle also played a key role as the White House representative to the U.S. negotiating team at the Six-Party Talks nuclear negotiations and, from May 2004 to June 2007, served as the Executive Assistant to the U.S. National Security Adviser. Trained as a China Foreign Area Officer in the U.S. Army, Haenle has been assigned twice to the U.S. embassy in Beijing, China, served as a U.S. Army company commander during a two-year tour to the Republic of Korea, and also worked in the Pentagon as an adviser on China, Taiwan, and Mongolia affairs on the staff of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Early assignments in the U.S. Army included postings in Germany, Desert Storm 1991, Korea, and Kuwait. He retired from the U.S. Army as a Lieutenant Colonel in October 2009. Haenle received his bachelor’s degree from Clarkson University and his master’s degree from Harvard University. He speaks Chinese, English, and German.


l o r a s a a l M a na s s o c i a t e , c a r n e g i e — t s i n g h u a c e n t e r f o r g l o B a l p o l i c y

lora saalman is an Associate and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment, based at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy in Beijing. Saalman’s research focuses on Chinese nuclear weapon and nonproliferation policies and Sino–Indian strategic relations. Saalman completed her Ph.D. at Tsinghua University in Beijing, where she earned an award for outstanding doctoral dissertation. Her dissertation covers the impact of U.S. and European export control shifts on Sino–Indian military modernization. Previously, Saalman served as a Visiting Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi, India and as a Research Associate at the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. While a master’s student at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Saalman worked as a Graduate Research Assistant at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, where she earned a one year fellowship to work at the IAEA. Saalman is a graduate of the University of Chicago, where she matriculated with honors.

B i n l ia s s o c i a t e , t s i n g h u a u n i v e r s i t y / c a r n e g i e e n D o W M e n t

Bin li, a Chinese physicist, is a Professor in the Department of International Relations at the Institute of International Studies and the Director of the Arms Control Program at Tsinghua University as well as a Senior Associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Li’s work focuses on space arms control, nuclear test bans, missile defense, deep nuclear reductions, and Chinese-U.S. nuclear relations. He has published two books, Arms Control Theories and Analysis and International Strategy and National Security—A Technical Perspective. Li is on the editorial boards of Science and Global Security and The Nonproliferation Review as well as on the boards of the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association and the China-U.S. People’s Friendship Association. Prior to joining Tsinghua, Li founded the Institute of Science and Public Affairs and worked as the Director of the Arms Control Division and the Executive Deputy Director of the Program for Science and National Security Studies at the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics. Li received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Physics from Peking University.

c a r n e g i e e u r o p e

s i n a n Ü l g e n

v i s i t i n g s c h o l a r , c a r n e g i e e u r o p e

sinan Ülgen is a Visiting Scholar at Carnegie Europe and the Chairman of the Istanbul-based think tank, the Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (EDAM). Ülgen graduated in 1987 from the University of Virginia with majors in Computer Science and Economics. He received a master’s degree in European Economic Integration from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. He then joined the Turkish Foreign Service as a career diplomat. In 1992, Ülgen was posted to the Turkish Permanent Delegation to the European Union in Brussels where he participated in the Turkey-E.U. customs union negotiations. His area of expertise is Turkish foreign and security policy, Turkey-E.U., and Turkey-NATO relations.



a M o M e n t ’ s n o t i c e e v e n t s

a M o M e n t ’ s n o t i c e e v e n t s

Headquartered in Washington, D.C., A Moment’s Notice Events has successfully produced meetings and events for corporations, associations, and government organizations since 2001. Our services include comprehensive hotel site selection, event and conference management, incentive travel, registration, and attendee management.

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k e l l i B l a n D

Kelli’s more than 20 years of experience in developing, managing, and producing successful meetings, conferences, conventions, and expositions led her to follow her dream and create A Moment’s Notice Events. Kelli has held a variety of executive level management positions with Marriott Hotels, Hilton Hotels, and Holiday Inn. Kelli takes a hands-on approach and stays closely involved with all clients throughout each project. She was the lead planner on multiple events produced for Hanley Wood, the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, and now assisting the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace with the Nuclear Policy Conference (2009, 2011). Kelli is a member of the Professional Convention Management Association and the National Association of Women Business Owners, Washington, D.C. Chapter.

D o M i n i Q u e r o u g e a u

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