COTEVOS COncepts, capacities and methods for Testing EV systems and their interOperability within the Smartgrids

José Antonio López TECNALIA josea.lopez@tecnalia.com

Bilbao, 22th October 2015 Tecnalia 1

IGREENGRID Conference on Scalability and Replicability

Why the need to test EV and EVSE grid integration

Current predictions state the amount of cars with an electric plug in will reach ~70-85% in 2030.

(This estimate includes HEV, PHEV and EV)

The given penetration of EVs (2015) is very

unlikely to cause car sourced grid errors but this can be expected to change as EVs roll out more and more.

Current evaluations show that grid failures will first occur locally on a low voltage grid level with relatively low penetration rates. Resulting in the in-ability of EVs to charge

ICE-Internal combustion engine, HEV – Hybrid Electric vehicle (optional plug), REEV – Range Extended electric vehicle, BEV – Battery electric vehicle, FCEV – Fuel cell electric vehicle Source: “Evolution, Electric Vehicles in Europe: gearing up for a new phase?” Amsterdam Roundtable Foundation and McKinsey & Company, April 2014

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COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

• The COTEVOS Reference Architecture aims to be a framework for the testing of: Interoperability is a product or system, whose interfaces are

completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future, without any restricted access or implementation

Conformance is how well something, such as a product or system, meets a specified standard

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COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

• Standards – IEC 61851 – ISO 15118 – IEC 62196 – …

• Protocols – OCPP – OCHP – OSCP – …

• Regulations – TOR (Technisch Organisatorische Richtlinie) – VDE AR-N 4105 – …

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Source: The German Standardisation Roadmap

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aims to develop infrastructure to test

Conformance Interoperability

COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

Is standardization alone the solution? • Is simple testing against standards sufficient?

• Is it enough to build test infrastructure for the existing standards?

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Interoperability contains a future view

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COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

• A very first step prior to defining a reference architecture is to look around what is already there

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The COTEVOS Reference Architecture – Describes all the actors and their interfaces of the current e-

mobility system

– Provides a context for use- and test-case definition

– Strong alignment with existing initiatives

– Layered approach enables a future evolution of the architecture as the e-mobility system develops

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COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

• COTEVOS Interface Reference Architecture – 3 “Layer” Topology (some topological similarity to the SGAM)

• Layer 1 - Actor/Interface Layer

• Layer 2 - Service/Function Layer

• Layer 3 - Physical/Test Stand Layer

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COTEVOS towards the unified testing infrastructure

COTEVOS – Reference Architecture Actor / Interface Layer

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• The Actor / Interface Layer of the COTEVOS RA includes:

– Actor definition • first definition in alignment with M/490

– Interface definition

• Based on standard and nonstandard interfaces

– All functionalities are covered, regardless of the actor which implements them.

COTEVOS – Reference Architecture Actor / Interface Layer

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EVSE Operator

EV

Energy Supplier

Flexibility Operator

Metering Operator

DSO EV User

EMSP Clearing house

EVSE

COTEVOS – Reference Architecture Service / Function Layer

OEM Service Actor

LEGEND

Grid Management Service

EVSE Operational Management Service

EV Battery Service

Energy Retailer Service

Charge Allocation Service

EV Flexibility Aggregation Service

Procurement Service

EVSE Management Service

Commercial Aggregation Service

Metering Service

EV Diagnostics & Maintenance

Charge Management Service

Clearinghouse Service

Contract & Billing Service

Identification Service

Charge Execution Service

User Preference Service

Authentication & Authorisation Service

Other Services (e.g. Navigation)

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• The Service / Function Layer of the COTEVOS RA includes: – Based on the idea that functions and actors are not always directly

coupled. Use-case depended coupling

– Allows a separation of concerns within the eMobility system

– resembles of the functional layer of SGAM

COTEVOS – Reference Architecture Service / Function Layer

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COTEVOS Physical / Test Layer

• Different Implementations of the Reference Architecture

13 Connectedto grid

EVSEas DUT

TNO’s EV-IOP-Lab-In-A-Suitcase

EV simulator

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COTEVOS Reference Architecture

Emulated

EV user

EVSP OEM

Energy retailer

CH DSO

EVSEO

Real World

EVSE Grid EV

EMS

Charger / Inverter

Electrical/Physical

Router

EVuser sim

EVSP Sim.

OEM sim

Energy retailer

sim

CH sim

DSO sim.

EVSEO sim.

Message bus

GUI

Logging

Visualis-ation

Scenario Editor

…

… ...

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From Use Cases to Test Cases

• Round robin tests will be used for inter-laboratory comparison: first basic tests have been already performed

• Define test suites (like the WGI BAIOP) that cover a use case

• The test suite will consist of different test cases (steps) that need to conform to a specific standard e.g. – EV requests a charging schedule to EVSE (e.g. conform IEC15118) – EVSE operator sends the proposed charge profile to EVSE (e.g.

conform IEC15118)

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28 test cases have been identified and they have been sorted into 6+1 groups

Test Cases aggrupation

+7 for wireless charging

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Test Case examples

Part II Tecnalia’s implementation

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Tecnalia’s testing capabilities

Capabilities covered by Tecnalia

Emulated

EV user

EVSP OEM

Energy retailer

CH DSO

EVSEO

Real World

EVSE Grid EV

EMS

Charger / Inverter

Electrical/Physical

Router

EVuser sim

EVSP Sim.

OEM sim

Energy retailer

sim

CH sim

DSO sim.

EVSEO sim.

Message bus

GUI

Logging

Visualis-ation

Scenario Editor

…

… ...

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EV-EVSE testing platform illustration

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Testing EVSE charge

Grid

EMS

Electrical/Physical

Router

EVSEO sim.

Message bus

ISO 15118

Simulated

- OCPP

OCPP

- ISO 15118 authorization messages*

EVSP Sim.

CH sim

OCHP OCHP OCHP

EV 61851

Charger / Inverter

EVSE DUT

IEC 61851 Tecnalia

Lab2 Lab3

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* Comm. not defined in the standard (simulated process using CAs)

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EV - Hardware

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Industrial PC ARK-2120L

2 x Classic FF 12 080 1

INSYS PowerLine GP

Switch EKI 2525

© Tecnalia + Arduino

DSIEC2f-EV32S-NC

Charger/Inverter XW4024-230-50

Link Pro Xanbus gateway

PP

CP

2/3

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EV - Software

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• IEC 61851 • Charger/inverter (and related tools) software developed • State machine developed • © Tecnalia board + Arduino software. Interface finished • System integration + testing platform

• ISO/IEC 15118 • Implemented:

• SDP, TCP • ISO 15118 A1 and A2 Use cases • State machine triggers and events • EXI – XML and bindings with programming language • X509 certificates • DHCP support • System integration + testing platform

• Pending: • TLS

• Workarounds: • SLAC (part 3) not implemented. NMK must be manually assigned

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Testing EV charge

Grid

EMS

Electrical/Physical

Router

EVSEO sim.

Message bus

ISO 15118

Simulated

- OCPP

OCPP

- ISO 15118 authorization messages*

EVSP Sim.

CH sim

OCHP OCHP OCHP

IEC 61851

EV 15118 DUT

EV 61851 DUT

EVSE

* Comm. not defined in the standard (simulated process using CAs)

Real World

CA

Lab2 Lab3

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1/3

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EVSE - Hardware 2/3

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Switch EKI 2528

DSIEC-M-EV32S

Industrial PC Xtrem n7000

© Tecnalia + Arduino INSYS PowerLine GP

(with SLAC)

Circutor CVM Mini

Schneider LC1D

PP

CP (with HLC) CP (pure)

To power grid To Tecnalia Internet Router

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EVSE - Software

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• IEC 61851 • State machine developed • © Tecnalia board + Arduino software. Interface finished • System integration + testing platform

• ISO/IEC 15118 • Implemented:

• SDP, TCP • State machine triggers and events • EXI – XML and bindings with programming language • X509 certificates • DHCP server • ISO 15118 A1 and A2 Use cases • System integration + testing platform • Access to Internet (through the Tecnalia’s router)

• Pending: • TLS • Some messages (part 2) of the state machine

• OCPP integration. Some interesting operations

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OCPP compliancy

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• Use of SoapUI internal API to perform predefined OCPP (v1.2, v1.5 and v2.0) tests

• Conformance testing for • For the EVSE Operator (Central System in OCPP) • For the EVSE

• Not defined the extent of the application • Proposed tests:

• SOAP messages testing (changing SOAP versions 1.2, 2.0) • Namespace changes • Headers • Communication tampering and stress testing • Test sequences

• Graphical interface

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A real test case

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Watch testing video

Discussion

Bilbao, 22th October 2015