condensed tannins - potential tic effects talk
TRANSCRIPT
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8/6/2019 Condensed Tannins - Potential tic Effects Talk
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Condensed Tannins: Potential as a
Tool for Controlling ParasiticWorms in Small Ruminants
Dr. Harish & Purvi Kakrani
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8/6/2019 Condensed Tannins - Potential tic Effects Talk
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7/26/2011 2Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONTROL MEASURES
Traditional
Anthelmintics
Management
Novel
Vaccines
Resistance/Tolerance
Condensed tannins
Nematode-trapping fungi7/26/2011 3Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONDENSED TANNINS (CT) CT-containing forages
Sericea lespedeza
Birdsfoot trefoil
Big trefoil
Sainfoin
Leucaena
Purified CT
Quebracho
7/26/2011 4Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONDENSED TANNINS IN
FORAGES
Vary in concentration
Alfalfa (none)
Birdsfoot trefoil (2-3 %)
Big trefoil (4-5 %)
Sericea lespedeza (6-7 %)
Canary clover (14%)
Vary in reactivity
Birdsfoot trefoil CT (low reactivity)
Sericea lespedeza CT (high reactivity)7/26/2011 5Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONDENSED TANNINS IN
RUMINANT DIETS Plant CT - occur in free and bound forms
CT binds to protein at neutral pH (rumen)
CT disassociates from protein under acid
conditions (abomasum)
CT not absorbed from the GIT
7/26/2011 6Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONDENSED TANNINS Can have positive and negative effects on
the nutrition and health of ruminant animals
through influence on utilization of nutrients
Concentration and reactivity of CT are
important considerations
7/26/2011 7Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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BENEFICAL EFFECTS OF
CONDENSED TANNINS
Increased net absorption of EAAs
Increased wool growth and growth rate
Increased liveweight gain
Higher ovulation rate
Higher milk yield Reduced bloat
Reduced detrimental effects of internal
parasites7/26/2011 8Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF
CONDENSED TANNINS
Reduced dry matter intake
Decreased fiber digestibility Reduced wool growth
Reduced digestion of amino acids in SI
Reduced N and S digestion
7/26/2011 9Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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RESEARCH ON ANTHELMINTIC
EFFECTS OF CONDENSED TANNINS
In vitro experiments with purified CT
Grazing trials/feeding trials with CT-
containing forages
Feeding trials with purified CT
7/26/2011 10Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS
WITH PURIFIED CT CT extracted from various forages, purified
Birdsfoot trefoil
Big trefoil
Sulla
Sainfoin
Dock
Quebracho
7/26/2011 11Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS
WITH PURIFIED CT Tested effects on development/viability of
parasite larvae
Haemonchus contortus
Trichostrongylus colubriformis
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Effects on egg hatching
T. colubriformis
7/26/2011 12Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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RESULTS CT from all of the different forages greatly
reduced hatching ofT. colubriformis eggs
4 % CT, no viable eggs
2 % CT, small number of eggs developed (2-
11%) for some CT types
Development ofT. colubriformis larvae from L1
to L3 stage
4 % CT, 3 to 8 % of larvae developed
2 % CT, 4 to 18 % of larvae developed7/26/2011 13
Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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RESULTS (Cont.) Quebracho CT reduced viability of L3
larvae from H. contortus, T. circumcincta
and T. colubriformis
7/26/2011 14Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT-
CONTAINING FORAGES: SULLA
Grazing trials
Increased growth of parasitized lambs
compared to non-CT forage (afalfa)
Reduced egg counts
Reduced worm burdens
Feeding trialsIncreased liveweight gain in deer
Reduced number of abomasal nematodes
Increased immune response in lambs7/26/2011 1
5Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT-CONTAINING
FORAGES: SERICEA LESPEDEZA
Grazing trial comparing sericea lespedeza
and rye/crabgrass pasture for goats
Goats naturally infected, mostlyH. contortus
Lower FEC and total egg output for goats
grazing lespedeza
88 % less development from egg stage to L3larvae in feces from lespedeza goats
7/26/2011 16Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF PURIFIED CT
Feeding trials with quebracho CT
Sheep artificially infected with eitherH. contortus, T.
circumcincta or T. colubriformis Fed quebracho CT extract at 4, 8, and 16% of intake
Reduced FEC from intestinal worms with increasing
level of CT in the diet
Intestinal worm burden lowest in sheep fed CT at 8 %of intake
No effect on FEC or worm burden from sheep infected
with abomasal worms
7/26/2011 17Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF CT:
SUMMARY
Indirect effects
Increased rumen by-pass protein
Increased AA absorption to overcome effects of
parasitism
Improved immune function
Direct effectsToxic to parasite adult worms or larvae
Reduced egg viability in feces
7/26/2011 18Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani
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CONCLUSIONS Condensed tannins in forages or in pure
form have potential to reduce effects of
parasitism in small ruminants
Further research is needed to evaluate CT as
a component of an integrated parasite
control program for goats and sheep
7/26/2011 19Dr. Harish Kakrani & Purvi Kakrani