Conclusionssome general thoughts

NL strong in submm because of very strong synergy between science and technology Perfect up to Herschel and ALMA, but future less obvious Need to keep this synergy if we want to be successful in the future

We have access to prime submm facilities through APEX and ALMA => need very strong science case to ask for significantly more money in this wavelength range CCAT: Extragalactic targets for ALMA Synergy science and technology?

Fantastic new technology, but where will it be applied for science? Any new facility will likely not materialize until 2015, perhaps 2020 Far-infrared wavelength range poorly explored, especially

spectroscopically at medium/high resolution Problem: how unique is science case compared with ALMA and JWST?

Mission operations timeline

Lack of high spectral resolution!

Lack of shortwavelengths!

SPICA? SAFIR?

SpectralResolution

Spectral resolution vs wavelengths

Future facilitiesContinuum Line

- Note jump in sensitivity of SPICA compared with other facilities in 30-300 micron range- Figure needs to include Mmtron

ALMA

Clearly highest scientific priority Needs to be supported scientifically and

technologically to reap full benefit

But…. Need complementary wide-field/multi-object

facility, especially for extragalactic work Heavily oversubscribed No hands-on training

APEX

Constructed and working! Good platform for 400-900 GHz range Still much to explore and exploit, at least for

next 5 years Even factor of 2 will help, if it could be realized

on short term Good platform to train students But…. APEX limited lifetime (up to 2013?)

CCAT

Interesting option, mostly from extragalactic experience

Expertise available for heterodyne arrays Scientific interest mostly in continuum/low

resolution for extragalactic Can money be found? How much? Need

realistic estimate? Who would lead from NL side?

SOFIA

Not much scientific interest, niche science, poor sensitivity

Platform for high frequency technology Not worth raising Dutch money for, but

perhaps involvement in detectors (if paid elsewhere?)

SPICA

Tremendous raw sensitivity!! Spectral resolution limited, even factor 2

would help (R=1500 => 3000) Most likely space mission to go? Need strong science team involvement to

drive instrument design FTS vs grating

Mmtron

Potentially powerful, but still poorly defined in terms of wavelength coverage and instrument suite

Comparison with SPICA has to be done quantitatively

How realistic that it will end up as currently being planned? Too ambitious?

FIRI

Long term Need to keep pushing development of

technology

Actions

Wolfgang: NOVA 3 instrumentation part: check whether NWO-M proposal is needed for CHAMP+ upgrade

CCAT/APEX WG: science trade-off: is it strong enough for structural involvement in CCAT? If so, NWO-G next september? Need decision in March 2009

SPICA/Mmtron WG: science trade-offs and definition Mmtron science capabilities. Needed by January 2009