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Tommy MonoarfaPPKDT-BPPT

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It is not what fields a state competes in that determines its prosperity, but howproductively it competes (Michael Porter)

Agenda

� Introduction

� Concept and Development Stages : lesson and learn

- Definition

- Types of Development : science park, technopolis, innovation cluster

� Analysis Framework

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� Analysis Framework

- Functions and elements of science park development

- Analysis Framework

� Case Study: Daedeok Innopolis

� Teknopolitan: The Proposed concept of Development

� Financing Teknopolitan activities (next presentation)

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

Why need science park, technopolis(teknopolitan),And innovation clusters?

Andrew Dearing, “Enabling Europe to innovate”, SCIENCE, 19 January 2007

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Competitiveness depends on the created assets such as a highly skilled/educated and flexible workforce and appropriate supporting infrastructure (SW/HW) like STPs, Technopolises, and Innovation Clusters, and States or regions compete to offer the most productive environment for business

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� Technopark originated in 1950 with the wishes ofentrepreneurial minded university academicians inthe U.S.A. who wanted to convert their knowledgeand R&D findings into economical values namelyproduction and marketing.

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production and marketing.

� The first technopark was founded with the leadership of Stanford University in California. Today it’sfamously known as Silicon Valley which employed about 200,000 highly qualified people earninghigh salaries work in designing and producing highadded value products

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� "Business Week" August 18-25, 1997 there are 7,000electronics and software companies and thousands ofstartups, with 11 companies being created every weekall in 80 km long technology corridor.

� on average, a Valley company went public every 5 days

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� on average, a Valley company went public every 5 days, making 62 millionaires every day.

� Creating new knowledge that will lead to newinventions and innovations which attracting investors’sattention and accumulate their support in order to addeconomical value.

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� A technology park brings together the government, the academic community, the business and financial sector (triple helix) in a well planned development which integrates all necessary facilities such as commercial buildings, research facilities, resi

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ch as commercial buildings, research facilities, residences, recreational areas, hotels and conference centers.

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� In later state, it also called as High-tech clusters ,innovation clusters . These type of clusters arehigh technology oriented business environment,

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high technology oriented business environment,well suited to the knowledge economy, and typically have a core renowned university and researchcenters like in silicon valley .

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� Science Park/ Technopolis / Innovation Cluster

Regional and national competitiveness is often decided by these Science park / Technopolis

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decided by these Science park / Technopolis / Innovation clusters which will be provided with an applicability for development policy and insight to regional and national competitiveness

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

� Important issues: dynamics of their creation andsupport mechanisms how effective it can be asan instrument of regional innovation policy andfor stimulating technology-led economic deve

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for stimulating technology-led economic development

� Science parks are mainly local initiatives, backed by the management of towns, cities and economic regions. This “bottom-up” approach makes defining national policy in this area more difficult.

Tommy Monoarfa

Introduction

According to the management paradigm (Regis Cabral 1990),a science park must;

� Have access to qualified research and development personnel inthe areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity.

� Be able to market its high valued products and services.� Have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial

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� Have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerialskills to firms, particularly SME which lacking such a resource.

� Be inserted in a society that allows for the protection of productor process secrets, via patents, security or any other means.

� Be able to select or reject which firms enter the park. The firm'sbusiness plan is expected to be coherent with the science parkidentity.

� Have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as thepark's name choice, its logo or the management discourse.

Introduction

� Have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented longterm economic development plans.

� Have the backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution orlocal university

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local university� Include in its management an active person of vision, with

power of decision and with high and visible profile, who isperceived by relevant actors in society as embodying theinterface between academia and industry, long-term plansand good management.

� Include a prominent percentage of consultancy firms, aswell as technical service firms, including laboratories andquality control firms

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Tommy Monoarfa

Definition of Technopark

� is on an appealing land and contains beautiful architectural buildings scattered spatially where carefully selected science and technology or R&D companies function, for new or applied research,

� conducts joint R&D with renowned close-by universities profiting extensively from their technological resources,

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profiting extensively from their technological resources, � realizes strong technology transfer among universities,

research laboratories and industry, � systematically draws support from the technopark's ma-

nagement in order to develop its management skills, finds solutions to financing at all levels of the innovation process, and makes extensive use of all modern office facilities and consulting services.

Tommy Monoarfa

Definition

� The concept of "Science Park", "Technopark", “Business Park", "Technopole", "Technopolis or Teknopolitan", “Science City" "Technology Zone", "Silicon Valley", "Technology Corridor

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Zone", "Silicon Valley", "Technology Corridor“ represents different meanings for the organizing committees, managers and the size and needs of the countries.

Tommy Monoarfa

Definition

� While definitions on the subject vary widely, the definition we would focus on in this study describes a "technology park" as one that at generally provides:

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1. linked with educational or research institutions

2. infrastructure and support services for businesses, particularly real estate and office space, etc

3. performs a technology transfer function

4. performs an economic development function

Definition

� Note, however, that not all technology parks will meet all of these characteristics and some may contain additional functions. As the British Councils explains in their definition, “The term 'Science Park' can encompass a range of initiatives which can vary greatly, even within any one country. There is thus no question of a rigid definition or of a single transferable model being appropriate throughout the world."

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rable model being appropriate throughout the world."

For example, in 1993 in the United States, the average technology park has 200 acres, over 200,000 square feet of buildings, 12 tenant companies, 300 employees and a $250,000 operating budget. Parks outside the United States often are smaller in size and can be found in a variety of settings, from sprawling green spaces in rural areas to "vertical parks" in high rise buildings in larger cities. To date, there are 212 technology parks that are members of the International Association of Science Parks and 295 members of the Association of University Research Parks.

Science Park : Concept & Development Stages

Types Physical characteristics

Focus Examples

Science/Techno Park

Creation of new settlement (research centers, new town)

Basic R&D Tsukuba Japan,

Daedeok science Town, Korea (‘80-’90)

Key Features of Technopolis Development

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-’90)

Technopolis Creation of new settlement including production activity

High-tech Production

Kumonoto – Japan, Sophia Antipolis, France, Daedeok scince Town Korea (98-2005)

Innovation cluster

Cluster development of Technopolis and science park in the region

Innovative and entreprenurial cluster in the region

Daedeok Innopolis,Korea (2005-), silicon valey, USA

� formal links with a university or other

higher educational and research institution

• encourage the formation and growth of

knowledge-based businesses on high value added firms, and other organizations normally residents on site

Science Park : Property-based Initiative

Research core

R&D University

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sidents on site

• management function which is

actively engaged in the transfer of technology

and business skills to the organizations on site

R&Dcenter

UniversityHEI’s

At the heart of the park, there is a combination of physical facilities and a well-balanced portfolio of service providers to support the creation of a collaborative environment in which the three major components can generate new value.

Cambridge science park, UK

Science Parks

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Surrey research Park, UK Dortmund Technology Park, Germany

Technopolis / Science City : Urban development

• emphasizes the need for a balanced approach

• Instead of focusing only on technology it involves

the creation of new settlement, completed

with research park, new universities,

technology centers, housing and

cultural/social facilities (Tatsuno, 1986)

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cultural/social facilities (Tatsuno, 1986)

• larger in scale and often linked

to the development of infrastructure and facilities

on the new town model

�whereas science parks are more limited in scope (Masser, 1991 ; Oh, 1997)

• more production oriented than science parks

• have both national and regional objectives

Tommy Monoarfa

Tsukuba science city, Japan Hsinchu science park, Taiwan

Technopolis

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Tsukuba science city, Japan Hsinchu science park, Taiwan

Research Triangle Park, USA Sophia Antipolis, France

Innovation Cluster

Key word : Innovation NetworkInnovation networking within clusters aims to increase innovative capacity and fostering industries for regional and national competitiveness.

� An Integrated approach to create the necessary institutional capacity for inno

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� An Integrated approach to create the necessary institutional capacity for innovation cluster development is required, it covers the followings:- The promotion of new technology areas.- The setting up of science parks and agencies, software centers, transportation/logistic infrastructure, ICT or data highways infrastructure- The establishment of technology transfer centers- Technology centers (TBI) to support business start-ups (PPBT)- Financial and Technology aid schemes to support SME’s- Joint research project between SMEs, technology transfer centers, and other firms.

Tommy Monoarfa

Innovation Cluster Institutional framework

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Innovation Cluster: Another Example

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Function and Elements of Science Park

Main Function Elements

R & D HEI, Public R&D, Private R&D, Collaborative R&D, Technology Commercialization

Business & Networked Entrepreneurship, Incubating, Venture

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Business & Networked Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship, Incubating, Venture Capital, Networking

Management & Globalization

Training Program, Financial Aid, Marke-ting, Property for rent, Globalization

Infrastructure Land-use, R&D facilities, Business facilities, Mgt facilities, Housing & settlement

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Benchmarking

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ZONING : Daedeok Innopolis

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4

Daedeok : R & D Facilities in DST

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Daedeok Techno Valley

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Daedeok Innopolis: Integrated development

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Daedeok : From DST to DI

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Daedeok : From DST to DI

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Daedeok : strategic milestone

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Daedeok : strategic milistone

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Stages of Development

� 1st Stage: initial - Science park model

By using Daedeok Innopolis as selected benchmark,The proposed stage of development for Teknopolitanwould be as followings:

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� 1st Stage: initial - Science park model

� 2nd Stage: growing - Technopolis model

� 3rd Stage: mature - Innovation Cluster model

1st stage of development - initial

R & D

Public R&DInstitutes

HEI’s

Basic and Applied Research

TechnologyBusinessIncubator

Starup firms

Spin off

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Infrastructure/Management

Land Allocation/Housing and Settlement:Physical planning of Teknopolitan: Zoning, Land-use etc

Teknopolitan Adminstrative Office:Limited management, Adminstration and maintenance

� 1st stage contains three main functions: R&D, Business and Infrastructure. Management is only limited to infrastructure-related service

� Research & Development

- HEIs and public R&D centers: the main role of development.

1st stage of development

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- HEIs and public R&D centers: the main role of development.

- Public research institutes focused on conducting national R&D projects. Private R&D institutes formed a hierarchical relationship with their mother firms and concentrated on R&D

� Business & networked Teknopreneurship

- Business incubation is limited to start-ups in labs of HEIs or R&D institutes (the Daedeok Science Town focused on non-industrial basic science activities in the initial stage)

1st stage of developmentFunctional Features

Function Main Features Key Role

R&D -- HEI’s: a leading role of basic/applied research

-- Public Institutes: Govt. Research Institute, to increase national capacity in science and technology, major R&D projects supported by national government

HEI’s national R&D ce

nter

Business - Technology transfer and commercialization Spin-offs

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Business

Activities

&

Networked

Entrepreneurship

- Technology transfer and commercialization

- Venture firms (PPBT) that orginated from labs in HEI’s

Spin-offs

From

R&D labs

Infrastructure - TAO: a limited management office

Formed by Government, managing and operating the teknopolitan

- Zoning ordinance for R&D (RUTR)

- Housing and settlement

Mngt

Office

1st stage of development

� Main objectives in the 1st stage of the Teknopolitan devp. are:

- Constructing infrastructure

- Managing and operating the Science Park

- Constructing institutional infrastructure

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2nd stage of development

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Technopreneurship

2nd stage of development

teknopolitan

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Collaborative R&D scheme

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Business technopreneurship/One stop service mechanism

Management & Globalization- Technology Commercialization: the core topic of sustainable growth ofhigh-tech venture firms: service activity,technology marketing,technology management,technology commercialization,advertisement of products,

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advertisement of products,- financial aid for venture firms,marketing services,institutional support,various equipments,facilities

One stop service mechanism: technopreneurship

(Teknopolitan)

Functional features

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Teknopolitan

Teknopolitan

Infrastructure/Management

Infrastructure- Industrial complex for venture firms and R&D facilities to cover the request fromR&D centers for technology commercialization.- Accessibility to the service facilities of quality of life (housing and community facilities)- The integration of cultural society(emphasized to make best use of

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(emphasized to make best use ofmother town’s infrastructure)

3rd stage of development - mature

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Teknopolitan

Link with MP3EI

Teknopolitan

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References

� Asheim, B. & Herstad, S., J. (2005) “Regional innovation systems, varieties of capitalism and non-local relations: challenges from the globalising economy” in R.A. Boschma & R.C. Kloosterman (eds) Learning from clusters: a critical assessment from an economic-geographical perspective, Dordrecht: Springer.

� Dahlstrand, A. L. and Jacobsson, S. (2003) “Universities and technology-based entrepreneurship in the Gothenburg region” Local Economy

� SHARING OF KOREA'S STP EXPERIENCE: Daedeok Innopolis- STP program brochure

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� SHARING OF KOREA'S STP EXPERIENCE: Daedeok Innopolis- STP program brochure

� Science parks in China: a cautionary exploration: Stuart Macdonald, Yunfeng Deng

� Regional Reasearch Intensive Clusters and science parks- European Commissio, Directorat Generale for Reaseach,2008

� Kyungbuk Technopark, Yeungnam University (Korea) http://www.yeungnam.ac.kr/english/research-3.html

� United Kingdom Science Park Association, http://www.ukspa.org.uk/

� Jennifer Hillner, “Skunk works, startups, and hungry VCs are making these 46 hubs the hot spots of the global high tech network,” kolom Venture Capital dari majalah Wired, edisi 8.07, July 2000. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.07/silicon.html

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