Concept Of Habitat

key concept of wildlife conservation

By: Rajieve Balicao

HabitatThe place or area where an organism

lives or where it can be found. The place or area occupied by the

entire community that includes the sum total of atmospheric and soil factors.

Habitat can be broadly categorized into 4:①Terrestrial Habitat ②Freshwater Habitat ③Estuarine Habitat ④Marine Habitat

Terrestrial

Habitat

Terrestrial Habitat This habitat is canceled to be the most

variable in terms of both time and geography.

Climateand substance are the major factors which, together with their interactions with organisms, determine the nature of terrestrial communities and ecosystems.

Terrestrial habitat has the following features:①Moisture is a major limiting factor. ②Temperature variations and extremes

are more pronounced.③There is rapid circulation of air.

①Soil offers solid support but air does not.

②Geographic features are important barriers to free movements.

③Nature of substrate is especially vital.

Classification Of Terrestrial Plants

1. Hydrophytes- plants growing on swampy or watery areas.

Classification Of Terrestrial Plants

2. Mesophytes- plants growing on wet habitat.

Classification Of Terrestrial Plants

3. Xerophytes- plants growing on arid or dry lands.

Classification Of Terrestrial Plants

Four Major Plant Taxa

Four Major Plant Taxa

1. Mosses- The first group of land plants are the mosses and their allies, the liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are called the bryophytes. They are land plants, but do not have seeds or flowers.

Four Major Plant Taxa

Mosses

Four Major Plant Taxa 2. Ferns- Ferns, horsetails, and their allies make up the second group of land plants, the pteridophytes. These plants all have vascular systems, made up of xylem (flow of water and nutrients from roots to leaves) and phloem (flow of sugars and other metabolic products from leaves to roots).

Four Major Plant Taxa

Ferns

Four Major Plant Taxa 3. Conifers- The gymnosperms ("naked seeds") make up the third group of land plants. They produce seeds, not spores, that are contained within a cone. Seeds are a great evolutionary development, since, unlike spores, they are multicellular and contain nutrition for the new, developing plant, all within a protective coat.

Four Major Plant Taxa

Conifers

Four Major Plant Taxa

4. Flowering Plants- The final group of land plants are the angiosperms, also known as the flowering plants. The evolution of the flower represents the high point of plant evolution.

Four Major Plant Taxa

Flowering Plants

Three Major Animal

Taxa

Three Major Animal Taxa1. Insecta (Insects) - with about 900,000 species.

Three Major Animal Taxa2. Aves (Birds) - with 8,500 species.

Three Major Animal Taxa3. Mammalia (Mammals) - with approximately 4,100 species.

Freshwater Habitat

Freshwater Habitat 3% of the world's water is freshwater:

3/4 is stored as ice and nearly 1/4 is stored in underground aquifer.

As reported, all rivers, freshwater lakes and clouds contain less than 1% of the world's freshwater or 0.03% of the total.

Freshwater Habitat Can Be Classified Into 2:1. Lentic (Standing Water)- from the word "lenis" which means "calm".

Freshwater Habitat Can Be Classified Into 2:2. Lotic (Running Water) - from the word "lotus" which means "washed".

Freshwater Organisms

Based On Trophic Levels Which Acts As Major Dominants1. Autotrophs (Producers) - green plants and chemosynthetic organisms.

2. Phagotrophs (Macroconsumers) - herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.

Based On Trophic Levels Which Acts As Major Dominants

3. Saprotrophs (Microconsumers) - decomposers.

Based On Trophic Levels Which Acts As Major Dominants

Based On Life Forms Or Habits1. Bentos

Based On Life Forms Or Habits2. Periphyton or Aufwuchs

Based On Life Forms Or Habits3. Plankton

Based On Life Forms Or Habits4. Nekton

Based On Life Forms Or Habits5. Neuston

Based On The Region/Zone or Sub-Habitat1.Littoral Species - inhabit the shallow zones.

2. Limnetic Species - inhabit the light compensation zone.

3. Original Species - inhabit the deep zone.

Related Terms:

1. Littoral Zone - the shallow water region with light penetration to the bottom, typically occupied by rooted plants in natural ponds and lakes.

Related Terms:

2. Limnetic Zone - the depth of effective light penetration; also known as compensation zone where photosynthesis just balances respiration.

Related Terms:

3. Euphotic Zone - covers both the littoral and limnetic zones which are the illuminated strata.

Lotic Habitats Have Two Major Zones:

1. Rapid Zone - shallow water where the velocity of current is great enough to keep the bottom clear of silt and other loose materials.

Lotic Habitats Have Two Major Zones:

2. Pool Zone - deeper water were current is slow, thus allowing silt and other loose materials to settle and develop into soft bottom .

Estuarine

Habitat

Estuarine Habitat

This is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water that has a free connection with the open sea.

Strongly affected by tidal actions.

Estuarine HabitatThe water is brackish

Estuarine HabitatAn Ecotone

Marine Habitat

Marine Habitat

97% of the world's water is saltwater; contained in ocean/seas and saline lakes

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat1. Covers 71% of the earth surface

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat2. Deep and life extend to all its depth

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat3. Continuous and the chief barriers to movements of organisms are temperature, salinity, depth and currents

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat4. The temperature differences of the Polar and equatorial regions

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat5. Affected by waves of many kinds and tides produced by the pull of the moon and the sun

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat6. Salty

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat7. Low concentration of nutrients, except salt

Major Ecological Features Of A Marine Habitat8. Paradoxically

Layers Of The Ocean

Scientists have divided the ocean into five main layers. These layers, known as "zones", extend from the surface to the most extreme depths where light can no longer penetrate

Layers Of The Ocean

Layers Of The Ocean 1. Epipelagic Zone (The Sunlight Zone)

The surface layer of the ocean is known as the epipelagic zone and extends from the surface to 200 meters (656 feet). It is also known as the sunlight zone because this is where most of the visible light exists. With the light come heat. This heat is responsible for the wide range of temperatures that occur in this zone.

Layers Of The Ocean 2. Mesopelagic Zone (The Twilight Zone)

Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone, extending from 200 meters (656 feet) to 1,000 meters (3,281 feet). The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the midwater zone.

Layers Of The Ocean 3. Bathypelagic Zone (The Midnight Zone)

The next layer is called the bathypelagic zone. It is sometimes referred to as the midnight zone or the dark zone. This zone extends from 1,000 meters (3,281 feet) down to 4,000 meters (13,124 feet). Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves.

Layers Of The Ocean 4. Abyssopelagic Zone (The Abyss)

The next layer is called the abyssopelagic zone, also known as the abyssal zone or simply as the abyss. It extends from 4,000 meters (13,124 feet) to 6,000 meters (19,686 feet). The name comes from a Greek word meaning "no bottom". The water temperature is near freezing, and there is no light at all. Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths.

Layers Of The Ocean 5. Hadalpelagic Zone (The Trenches)

Beyond the abyssopelagic zone lies the forbidding hadalpelagic zone. This layer extends from 6,000 meters (19,686 feet) to the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean. These areas are mostly found in deep water trenches and canyons.

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