concept of elections may 10, 2010

8/9/2019 Concept of Elections May 10, 2010

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COMMISSION ONCOMMISSION ON

ELECTIONSELECTIONS

PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE 2010 Presidential Elections2010 Presidential ElectionsPersonnel DepartmentPersonnel Department


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Outline of Presentation

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS

ELECTION STAKEHOLDERS

ELECTORAL PROCESS

IDEAL ELECTIONSSAD REALITY OF PHILIPPINE

ELECTIONS

BALLOT BOXESELECTIONS IN MALAYSIA

RECAP



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Relevant Quotes

We lose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals thatwe fight to defend. And we honor those ideals by upholdingthem not when its easy, but when it is hard. (PresidentBarack Obamas acceptance speech of Nobel Peace Prize)

The automation law is more than just an automation law. It isThe automation law is more than just an automation law. It isa commitment to respecting the right of our people toa commitment to respecting the right of our people tochoose those who will lead them. It is the launching pad for achoose those who will lead them. It is the launching pad for arenewed sense of unity among our countrymen through therenewed sense of unity among our countrymen through the

assurance that the process through which they choose theirassurance that the process through which they choose theirleaders is clean, free and credible.leaders is clean, free and credible. (Editorial)(Editorial)



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SUFFRAGE/ELECTIONSSUFFRAGE/ELECTIONS

PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE

Why hold Elections?Why hold Elections?USA holds electionsUSA holds elections

Russia holds electionsRussia holds elections

China holds electionsChina holds elections

Afghanistan holds electionsAfghanistan holds elections

The CBCP holds electionsThe CBCP holds elections

The National Press Club holds electionsThe National Press Club holds elections

The Rotary Club holds electionsThe Rotary Club holds elections

Even the PTA holds electionsEven the PTA holds elections

2010 Presidential Elections2010 Presidential ElectionsPersonnel DepartmentPersonnel Department


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Why hold Elections?Why hold Elections?

Election is the widely-accepted method of:Election is the widely-accepted method of:

selecting and retaining leadersselecting and retaining leaders

changing and removing leaderschanging and removing leaders

Election provides for smooth transition ofElection provides for smooth transition of

leadership.leadership.

Election legitimizes leaders, governments,Election legitimizes leaders, governments,

and organizations.and organizations.



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Why hold Elections?Why hold Elections?

Election is the bedrock/ foundation of aElection is the bedrock/ foundation of a

democratic and republican state like thedemocratic and republican state like the

Philippines.Philippines.

Election gives the voters a directElection gives the voters a direct

participation in the affairs of theirparticipation in the affairs of their

government:government:selecting public officialsselecting public officialsdeciding some questions of public interestdeciding some questions of public interest



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right and obligation of qualified citizens to vote in the electionof certain national and local officers of the government andin the decision of public questions submitted to the people

not a natural right of the citizens but merely a privilege given orwithheld by the lawmaking power subject to constitutionallimitations

main object of suffrage is the continuity of government and thepreservation and perpetuation of its benefits


:ature of Suffrage:ature of Suffrage



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SUFFRAGE/ELECTIONS

Includes:

Referendum submission of a law passed by thenational or local legislative body to the registered

voters at an election called for the purpose fortheir ratification or rejection

Initiative process whereby the registered votersdirectly propose, enact, or amend law, national orlocal, through an election called for the purpose



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SUFFRAGE/ELECTIONS

Includes:

Recall - a method by which a public officer

may be removed from office during histenure or before the expiration of his termby a vote of the people after registration ofa petition signed by a required percentageof the qualified voters



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ELECTION STAKE HOLDERSELECTION STAKE HOLDERS

q

q

q

COMELEC PERSONNELCOMELEC PERSONNEL

VOTERSVOTERS

CIVILCIVIL

SOCIETYSOCIETYCANDIDATESCANDIDATES

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENTCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

SUPPORTERSSUPPORTERS

DEPUTIESDEPUTIES

GOOD GOVERNANCEGOOD GOVERNANCE

HOPEHOPEHOPEHOPE

2010201020102010



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ELECTORAL PROCESSESELECTORAL PROCESSES


Filing of Certificates ofFiling of Certificates of

CandidacyCandidacy

Filing of Certificates ofFiling of Certificates of

CandidacyCandidacy

vQualifications/Qualifications/Disqualifications ofDisqualifications ofcandidatescandidates

vPetitions forPetitions forDisqualificationDisqualification

vNuisance CandidatesNuisance Candidates

vFebruary 9- May 8, 2010February 9- May 8, 2010(National)(National)

vMarch 26- May 8, 2010March 26- May 8, 2010

(Local)(Local)

CampaigningCampaigningCampaigningCampaigningRegistration of VotersRegistration of Voters

vERBsERBs

vVoter RegistrantsVoter RegistrantsvCreation of PrecinctsCreation of PrecinctsvTransfer/Merger ofTransfer/Merger of

PrecinctsPrecinctsvInclusion/Exclusion ofInclusion/Exclusion of

VotersVotersvDeactivation/Deactivation/

Activation of VotersActivation of Voters

v


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Counting of VotesCounting of VotesCounting of VotesCounting of VotesCasting of VotesCasting of VotesCasting of VotesCasting of Votes

v7 am 6 pm7 am 6 pmvvoting after 6pmvoting after 6pmvBallots and PCOSBallots and PCOSvBEIsBEIsvWatchersWatchersvDeputiesDeputies

Canvass ofCanvass ofVotes/ElectionVotes/Election

ReturnsReturns

vCBOC/MBOCCBOC/MBOCvvPBOCPBOCvvNBOC(COMELEC)NBOC(COMELEC)vvNBOC(CONGRESS)NBOC(CONGRESS)

vAutomated CountingAutomated Countingat Precinct using PCOSat Precinct using PCOS

vElectronic transmitting ofElectronic transmitting ofresultsresults

2010 PRESIDENTIAL2010 PRESIDENTIAL

ELECTIONSELECTIONS


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Proclamation of WinningProclamation of Winning

CandidatesCandidates

Proclamation of WinningProclamation of Winning

CandidatesCandidates

Certificates of CanvassCertificates of Canvass

and Proclamationand ProclamationvCBOC/NBOC(City/Mun.)CBOC/NBOC(City/Mun.)vvPBOC(Provincial official &PBOC(Provincial official &

Members of Congress)Members of Congress)vvNBOC/comelec(SenatorsNBOC/comelec(Senators

& party-list representatives)& party-list representatives)v

vNBOC/congress(President &NBOC/congress(President &Vice-President)Vice-President)


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COMELECCOMELEC

AUTOMATING THE 2010AUTOMATING THE 2010

ELECTIONSELECTIONSPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE



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From writing.From writing. To shading..To shading..

PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE2010 Presidential Elections2010 Presidential Elections

Personnel DepartmentPersonnel Department


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From manual..From manual.. To automated counting..To automated counting..




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From physical transporting of results.From physical transporting of results.




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Comelec Central Back-up ServerComelec Central Back-up Server

Advance Results/Advance Results/

MonitoringMonitoring

t Majority/ Minority Parties, Citizens Arm, KBPt Majority/ Minority Parties, Citizens Arm, KBP

Advance ResultsAdvance Results

AA BB

Secured Public WebsiteSecured Public Website

To Electronic transmissionTo Electronic transmission


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Ele c

ti v

ep

ositio

ns17,888 positions, excluding party-list17,888 positions, excluding party-list

11 - President- President

11 - Vice-president- Vice-president

12 - Senators12 - Senators

8080 - Governors- Governors

8080 - Vice-Governors- Vice-Governors

222 - Representatives222 - Representatives762762 - Sangguniang Panlalawigan Members- Sangguniang Panlalawigan Members

120120 - City Mayors- City Mayors

120 - City Vice-Mayors120 - City Vice-Mayors

1,514 - Municipal Mayors1,514 - Municipal Mayors1,514 - Municipal Vice-Mayors1,514 - Municipal Vice-Mayors

12,116 Sangguniang Bayan Members12,116 Sangguniang Bayan Members


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officia

lb

allot s

Pre-printed namesof candidates

300/600 candidatescan beaccommodated

v150/300 namesper side ofballot

Precinct-specificvEnsure rejection

of previouslyscannedballot




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Offici a

lBallo

ts

Ovals oppositenames of candidate

Shade ovalShade oval

opposite name ofopposite name of

chosen candidatechosen candidate




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pcos

(precinc

tcou

nto

ptic

al

scan

)

One unit per clustered precinct

Voter personally feeds ballot into

machine

Ballot can be fed in any orientation

Ballot scanned both sides

simultaneouslyDigital ballot image




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pco

s

pco

s(pre

cinctc

ount

(pre

cin

c

tcoun

t

optica

lscan)

opti ca

lscan

)

counting machinecounting machine

ballot boxballot box




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pco s

pco

s(pre

cin

ctc

ount

(pre

cin

ctcoun

t

optical

scan

)

opti

calscan

)

Ballots go in here Ballots go in here

ballots get dropped into the ballot box thru this chute ballots get dropped into the ballot box thru this chute

digital photograph of ballots taken digital photograph of ballots taken




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pco s

pco

s(pre

cin

ctc

ount

(pre

cin

ctcoun

t

optical

scan

)

opti

calscan

)

and there they are. :)and there they are. :)



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field

tes

t/s

8 areas

2 for NCR

2 each (1 urban/1 rural)

Luzon

Visayas

Mindanao

To test system and transmission in thesame environment/conditions as on

election day


TESTING & SEALING


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TESTING & SEALINGPROCEDURESat least three days before election day

Public shall accomplish test ballots

Ballots shall be manually counted and electionreturns accomplished

Same set of ballots that was manually countedshall be fed into the counting machine

Manual count shall be compared with the print-outof the election returns


TESTING & SEALING


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If public is satisfied that the manual count is the same as theautomated count, the print-out and manually prepared electionreturns shall be signed-off by the witnesses

Machines shall be sealed without any connection to transmissionlinks

Public shall be allowed to secure the polling places where thecounting machines are installed

The only time that the counting machines shall be opened is onelection day in the presence of watchers


TESTING & SEALINGPROCEDURESat least three days before election day


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voting

Voting period

7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

vUnless there are voters waiting for their turnto vote

vPoll Clerk lists down names votersqueuing

vPoll Clerk calls voter to cast ballot

vVoter who fails to appear after beingcalled twice shall not longer be

allowed to votev

Precinct set upvAt least 10 voters can cast ballot at any one

time



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voting

Before voting startsShow that ballot box is

empty

Transparent

plastic

Turn on and initializePCOS

Print Zero Report

To show thatthere is noentry/votein

machinesmemor



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counting

At close of pollsPerform close function

To preventadditionalballots frombeing

inserted

After close function,PCOS automatically

Starts countingprocess

Prints electionreturns aftercompletion ofautomatedcount Eight (8)

copiesPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE


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counting

Insert transmission cable

After printing first eight (8) copies of ER To eliminate doubts that the PCOS can be

manipulated remotely

Perform electronic transmission function

Print additional twenty-two (22) copies of

ERAutomatically performed by PCOS aftercompletion of transmission



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canvassing/consolidation

Electronically-transmitted results

Used as basis for canvassing/consolidation andproclamation of winning candidates for

City/municipal offices

Provincial officesMembers, House of RepresentativesSenators and Party-list

Congress will also receive electronically-transmitted results

Constitution authorizes the Congress to promulgaterules for canvassing of results for President and Vice-President



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Municipal/City Board of CanvassersMunicipal/City Board of Canvassers

Provincial Board of CanvassersProvincial Board of Canvassers

National Board of CanvassersNational Board of Canvassers

CongressCongress COMELECCOMELEC

PrecinctPrecinct

Election ReturnsElection Returns

Mun./City COCMun./City COC

SOVPSOVP

Prov. COCProv. COC

SOVM/CSOVM/C

Physically transportedPhysically transported



Manual SystemManual Systemof Canvassingof Canvassing



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security

Security measures under a manualelection system still applicable

Strengthen security throughautomation

Password

PIN

Digital signatures

Encryption



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sec

uri t

y(

128- b

it

enc

ryptio

n)

2

2 = 4

2 = 8

2 = 16 2 = 32

2 = 64

2 = 128

2 = 256

128128

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

=2 =2 512 512

=2 =2

10241024 =2 =220482048

=2 =240964096

=2 =281928192

=2 =2,16 384,16 384

=

2 =2,32 768,32 768

99

1010

1111

1212

1313

1414

1515

=2 =2,65 536,65 536

=2 =2

,131 072,131 072 =2 =2

,262 144,262 144

=2 =2,524 288,524 288

=2 =2, ,1 048 576, ,1 048 576

=2 =2, ,2 097 152, ,2 097 152

=

2 =2, ,4 194 304, ,4 194 304

1616

1717

1818

1919

2020

2121

2222



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=2 =2, ,8 388 608, ,8 388 608

=2 =2

, ,16 777 216, ,16 777 216 =2 =2

, ,33 554 432, ,33 554 432

=2 =2, ,67 108 864, ,67 108 864

=2 =2, ,134 217 728, ,134 217 728

=2 =2, ,268 435 456, ,268 435 456

=2 =2, ,536 870 912, ,536 870 912

2323

2424

2525

2626

2727

2828

2929

=2 =2, , ,1 073 741 824, , ,1 073 741 824

=2 =2

, , ,2 147 483 648, , ,2 147 483 648

=2 =2, , ,4 294 967 296, , ,4 294 967 296

=2 =2, , ,8 569 934 592, , ,8 569 934 592

=2 =2, , ,17 179 869 184, , ,17 179 869 184

=2 =2, , ,34 359 738 368, , ,34 359 738 368

=2 =2

, , ,68 719 476 736, , ,68 719 476 736

3030

3131

3232

3333

3434

3535

3636

sec

uri t

y(

128- b

it

enc

ryptio

n)



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= , , ,2 137 438 953 472= , , ,2 137 438 953 472

= , , ,2 274 877 906 944= , , ,2 274 877 906 944 = , , ,2 549 755 813 888= , , ,2 549 755 813 888

=2 over One Trillion=2 over One Trillioncombinationscombinations

22128128

= ,340 undecillion 282= ,340 undecillion 282, ,decillion 366 nonillion 920, ,decillion 366 nonillion 920, ,octillion 938 septillion 463, ,octillion 938 septillion 463, ,sextillion 463 quintillion, ,sextillion 463 quintillion

, ,374 quadrillion 607 trillion, ,374 quadrillion 607 trillion

, ,431 billion 768 million 211, ,431 billion 768 million 211thousand and 456thousand and 456

3737

3838

3939

4040

sec

uri t

y(

128- b

it

enc

ryptio

n)

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,



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secu

rity

128-bit encryptionSame security system used by banks

Random Encryption

Temperature of machineVoltage

Unique machine identity

User identity

No single/master decryption code



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sec

ur

ity

Time needed to decrypt one precinctresult will be same amount of timeneeded to decrypt next precinct result

Transmission takes at most 2 minutes

Copies for distribution30 copies of election returns at the

precinct level

30 copies of certificate of canvass at

municipal level14 copies of certificate of canvass at

provincial level



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y

Audit Log

Activities

Time

Date



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sec

uri t

yPaper Ballot

Ballot digital image

Data storage device

Transmitted results

Hard copies of election results


c


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Contin

uit

y/Con

tin

ge

nc

Pla

n

Types of Systems Breakdown

Fails to scan

Able to scan but fails to print ER

Able to print ER but fails to transmit

Able to transmit but fails to consolidate



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con

tin

uitypla

n

Able to scan but fails to print ERUse spare PCOS

Use PCOS of another precinct

Wait for other PCOS to completeprocess in its precinct

Get PCOS and reconfigure for nextprecinct

Use removable storage device ofdefective PCOS and letreplacement PCOS print ER

If all PCOS fail

Manual counting



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con

tin

uitypla

nAble to print ER but fails to transmit

Go to nearest precinct or polling center which has afunctioning transmission facility

Use removable storage device of defective PCOS and letthe functioning facility transmit precinct results

If all transmission facilities bog down

Physically transport PCOS & removable storage

device to canvassing site In the presence of watchers and security escorts

PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE 2010 Presidential Elections2010 Presidential Elections



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con

tin

uitypla

nAble to transmit but fails to consolidate

Use consolidation/canvassing system (CCS) of anothermunicipality/province

Use the removable storage device and let functioning CCS

consolidate the results

Provide back-up canvassing through the Central Server

Print results and send the same to affectedboard of canvassers

Print results and constitute special board ofcanvassers to take the place of the affectedboard

PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGEPHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: A CONTINUING CHALLENGE 2010 Presidential Elections

2010 Presidential Elections



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Com

mone

l ection

prob

lems

People

Vote-buyingCoercion Intimidation

Terrorism

Systems & ProceduresSystems & ProceduresMisreading of ballotsMisreading of ballots

Unreadable handwritingUnreadable handwriting

ErrorErrorHonestHonest

DeliberateDeliberate

FraudFraud

Manufactured electionManufactured election

returnsreturns

Tampering of electionTampering of electionresultsresults




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succe

ssful

imple

me

nt

at i

on

Strict compliance with election laws

Vigilance of citizenry

Cooperation

Coordination

Support




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Always vote for principle, althoughyou vote alone, and you may cherishthe sweet reflection that your vote isnever lost.

Pres. John Quincy AdamsPres. John Quincy Adams



Integrity without knowledge is weakIntegrity without knowledge is weakand useless, and knowledge withoutand useless, and knowledge without

integrity is dangerous and dreadful.integrity is dangerous and dreadful.

Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson


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voters vote freely, without threats and intimidationvoters vote freely, without threats and intimidation

voters vote freely, according to their consciencevoters vote freely, according to their conscience

votes are neither bought nor soldvotes are neither bought nor sold

votes are counted correctly and speedilyvotes are counted correctly and speedily

candidates, their watchers and leaders obey the lawscandidates, their watchers and leaders obey the laws

COMELEC people do their work with utmost impartialityCOMELEC people do their work with utmost impartiality

COMELEC Deputies (PNP, AFP, Treasurers, Teachers) performCOMELEC Deputies (PNP, AFP, Treasurers, Teachers) perform

their work with utmost impartialitytheir work with utmost impartiality

the people are vigilant in watching and reporting violators of electiothe people are vigilant in watching and reporting violators of electio

lawslaws

violators of election laws are seriously prosecuted without favorviolators of election laws are seriously prosecuted without favor

Indicators of successful electionsIndicators of successful elections




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Sad reality and challenge inSad reality and challenge in

Philippine ElectionsPhilippine Elections

People think that holding elective positions is aPeople think that holding elective positions is ashortcut to power and wealth.shortcut to power and wealth.

Candidates want to win at all cost.Candidates want to win at all cost.

Losing candidates cannot/do not accept defeatLosing candidates cannot/do not accept defeatgraciously.graciously.




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WHEN CAN WE ALL BE TRUSTWORTHY?WHEN CAN WE ALL BE TRUSTWORTHY?


2010 Presidential Elections2010 Presidential Elections



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Elections in Malaysia

If they can do it,If they can do it,why cant we?why cant we?





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ELECTIONS IN MALAYSIA




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How about us,How about us,

Filipinos?Filipinos?




CAN WE NOT CHANGE?CAN WE NOT CHANGE?


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CAN WE NOT CHANGE?CAN WE NOT CHANGE?




Of course CHANGE we


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Of course, CHANGE,wemust!

to have ato have a strongstrongvibrantvibrant andand lastinglasting

democraticdemocratic society.society.





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Organizations will only changeOrganizations will only change

when the people in them change,when the people in them change,

and people will only change whenand people will only change whenthey accept in their hearts andthey accept in their hearts and

minds that change must occur.minds that change must occur.

John Harvey-JonesJohn Harvey-Jones





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DO WE REALLY NEEDDO WE REALLY NEED

ELECTIONS?ELECTIONS?


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The road to HONEST, ORDERLY,PEACEFUL ELECTIONS i


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PEACEFUL ELECTIONS in ourcountry is a continuing

CHALLENGE ..candidates and supporters are ready to kill and be killedcandidates and supporters are ready to kill and be killed

just to winjust to win

election laws are glaringly violated with impunityelection laws are glaringly violated with impunity

political alliances are made primarily for personal glorypolitical alliances are made primarily for personal glory

candidates are elected not on competence and integritycandidates are elected not on competence and integritybut on popularitybut on popularity


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A challenge WE NEED..

well-informed Filipino voters who will elect leaders withwell-informed Filipino voters who will elect leaders with

integrity, commitment and competenceintegrity, commitment and competence

leaders who lead by example and prepared to put theleaders who lead by example and prepared to put the

national interest above selfnational interest above self

political and electoral institutions courageous andpolitical and electoral institutions courageous and

competent to provide the needed supportcompetent to provide the needed support

a government committed to empower and uphold thea government committed to empower and uphold the

welfare of the governed over its perpetuation andwelfare of the governed over its perpetuation and

survivalsurvival


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A challenge.

The strength of theThe strength of the

CHAINCHAIN is determinedis determined

by itsby its WEAKEST LINKWEAKEST LINK





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concept of elections may 10, 2010

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