concentrating solar power aqua-csp for sea water desalination · soal r collector field stora ge...
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AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP
Franz TriebGerman Aerospace Center (DLR)Hani El NokraschyNOKRASCHY ENGINEERING GmbH, Germany
BioVision Alexandria, 12-16 April 2008, Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Concentrating Solar Powerfor Sea Water Desalination
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German Aerospace Center (Germany)Dr. Franz Trieb, Dipl. Geo. Julia Gehrung, Dr. Peter Viebahn, Dr. Christoph Schillings, Dipl. Phys. Carsten HoyerNational Energy Research Center (Jordan)Eng. Malek Kabariti, Waled Shahin, Ammar Al-Taher University of Aden, (Yemen)Prof. Dr. Hussein AltowaieUniversity of Sana’a, (Yemen) Prof. Dr. Towfik SufianUniversity of Bahrain, (Bahrain)Prof. Dr. Waheeb AlnaserProf. Dr. Abdelaziz Bennouna, formerly at CNR (Morocco)Intern. Forschungszentrum für Erneuerbare Energien e.V. (Germany)Dr. Nasir El-BassamKernenergien – The Solar Power Company (Germany)Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen KernNokraschy Engineering GmbH (Germany)Dr.-Ing. Hani El-NokraschyDeutsche Gesellschaft Club of Rome (Germany)Dr. Gerhard Knies, Dr. Uwe MöllerHouse of Water and Environment (Palestine)Dr. Amjad Aliewi, Hafez ShaheenCenter for Solar Energy Studies (Libya)Dr. Ibrahim ElhasairiCentre de Developpement des Energies Renouvelables (Morocco)Mme. Amal Haddouche (Director General)University of Bremen (Germany)Dr. Heike Glade
IFEED
Study Team
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Criteria for Sustainable Water:
Inexpensivelow cost no long term subsidies
Secure diversified and redundant supply based on inexhaustible resourcesavailable or at least visible technologycapacity expandable in due time
Compatible low pollution climate protectionlow risks for health and environmentfair access
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Portfolio of Energy Sources for Power & Desalination:
Coal, LigniteOil, Gas Nuclear Fission, FusionConcentrating Solar Power (CSP)Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock)BiomassHydropowerWind PowerPhotovoltaicWave / Tidal
ideally storedprimary energy
fluctuatingprimaryenergy
storable primaryenergy
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• firm capacity,power on demand
• combined generation of process heat for desalination
Fuel
Thermal Power Cycle (e.g. Steam
Turbine)
Process Heat
Electricity
Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant
Concentrating Solar Collector Field (Mirrors)
Solar Heat
Thermal Energy Storage
• concentrated, easily storable solar thermalenergy as fuel saver
Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant
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direc
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m radia
tion
reflector
receiver
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reflector
receiver
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r bea
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reflector
receiver
direc
t sola
r bea
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tion
reflector
receiver
Parabolic TroughReflector
direc
t sola
r bea
m radia
tion
reflector
receiver
direc
t sola
r bea
m radia
tion
reflector
receiver
direc
t sola
r bea
m radia
tion
reflector
receiver
direc
t sola
r bea
m radia
tion
reflector
receiver
Parabolic TroughReflector
Linear Fresnel Concentrating Solar Thermal Collector
Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Thermal Collector
Fresnel Reflector Panels
solar beam radiation receiver tube
Fresnel Reflector Panels
solar beam radiation receiver tube Animation by FhG-ISE
Photo by KJC
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Configuration of Solar Trough Plant with Thermal Storagefor Steam Turbine Power Cycle
Pre-Heater
Evaporator
Superheater
Re-Heater
Turbine
Cooling Tower
Condenser
Generator
Grid
Feed PumpHeat Transfer Fluid Pump
Solar Collector Field
Storage
Hot Tank
Cold Tank
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….Planta Solar 10 MW, Sevilla, 2007SEGS 350 MW, California, since 1985
NovatecMurcia, 2007
Andasol 2 x 50 MW, Guadix, 2008
Achievements
Nevada Solar I, 64 MW, 2007
MAN/SPGAlmeria
2007
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Fuel
Thermal Power Cycle (e.g. Steam
Turbine)
Process Heat
Electricity
Concentrating Solar Collector Field (Mirrors)
Solar Heat
Thermal Energy Storage
Cost of Heat from ConcentratingSolar Collectors
90+ %
80 %
60 %
40 %
20 %
20 %
Solar Share on Base Load
50-60 $/barreltoday
15 $/barrel ± 52030+
20 $/barrel ± 52020
25 $/barrel ± 52015
40 $/barrel ± 52010
200 $/barrel1985
Cost of Solar Heatequivalent to Crude Oil at:
Year
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Unsubsidised cost of electricity of CSP versus natural gas CC
Discount rate 5%, economic life 25 years, fuel cost 25 €/MWh, fuel cost escalation 1 %/y, irradiance 2400 kWh/m²/y, real €2007, €/$=1
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Cos
tof E
lect
ricity
[€/k
Wh]
Solar Fossil Hybrid
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This diffirence isused to supportwater desalination
Cost of water from CSP/MED plants. Please note that before 2020 water could be produced as bye-product without cost
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Freshwater Demand Prospects by Country
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50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Fres
hwat
er D
eman
d [b
illio
n m
³/y]
BahrainYemenUAESaudi ArabiaQatarKuwaitOmanIranIraqSyriaLebanonJordanIsraelPalestineEgypt LibyaTunisiaAlgeriaMorocco
Natural Renewable Water
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AQUA-CSP Scenario for Sustainable Supply
Middle East & North Africa
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100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Wat
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
[Bm
³/y]
Natural Water Used Wastewater reused Fossil Fuel DesalinationGroundwater Over-Use CSP Desalination Efficiency Gains
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Direct Solar Irradiance in kWh/m²/y
1 km² is enough to desalinate 165 000 m³/day.50 km x 50 km are needed to avoid the MENA water deficit in 2050.
Solar irradiance 2400 kWh/m²/year x 10 % CSP efficiency / 4 kWh/m³ RO power consumption / 365 days/year = 0.165 m³/m²/day
MED-CSPMED-CSP
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Conventional Desalination Plant
Screening,Filtration
TunelIntake
DesalinationPlant
DirectDischarge
Power Plant
Heat / Power
FuelFuel
Anti-ScalingAnti-FoamingAnti-CorrosionDesinfection
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Advanced CSP-Desalination Plant
Nano-Filtration
Horizontal Drain Intake
DesalinationPlant
Horizontal Drain Discharge
Power Plant
Heat / Power
Concentrating SolarCollector & Storage FuelFuel
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Impact on Global Warming (Life Cycle Assessment)
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
Conv. MSF Conv. MED Conv. RO Best RO CSP/MED CSP/RO
Technology
Rel
ativ
e G
HG
Em
issi
ons
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Energy Production above and Biomass Production below a Linear Fresnel Collector Field in a CSP Multipurpose Plant
Photos: Solarmundo Greenhouse Visualization: DLR
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Multipurpose Plant for the Development of Arid Regions wood
solar collector andpartially shaded crops
freeland crops
salt production
pasture
brine
sea watersweet water
electricity
steam powerblock
thermal desalination plant
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Deserts as Powerhouses and Water Works
(artist view created withGoogle Earth)
HVDC Link
AC Grid
www.desertec.org
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….
One Square Kilometre of Desert Land usingConcentrating Solar Thermal Power canproduce up to:
250 Million kWh/year of Electricity
60 Million m³/year of Desalted Seawater
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Oil, Gas
Coal
Wind, PV, Hydropower, Geothermal, Biomass
Nuclear
Why not use …?
Yes, but potential already needed for growing electricity demand in MENA www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp
Yes, but expensive and exhaustible
No infrastructure, no domesticsource, climate change, exhaustible
Radioactive waste disposal has notbeen solved in 50 years of commercial operation
Decommissioning cost 8000 €/kWwww.nda.gov.uk
Because it does not satisfy the criteria for sustainability, e.g. …
Considering Sustainability
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….
Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power
Concentrating Solar Power for Sea Water Desalination
MENAREC 2Amman, JordanMay 2005
MENAREC 3Cairo, EgyptJune 2006
MENAREC 4Damascus, Syria June 2007
Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power
Concentrating Solar Power for Sea Water Desalination
MENAREC 2Amman, JordanMay 2005
MENAREC 3Cairo, EgyptJune 2006
MENAREC 4Damascus, Syria June 2007
www.menarec.org
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Thank You !
CSP Plant at Kramer Junction, California on the Grid since 1989