con 4003/cve 4073/cve 5073 construction estimating prof r. v. locurcio
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 13PLUMBING
CON 4003/CVE 4073/CVE 5073 Construction Estimating
Prof R. V. Locurcio
What is Plumbing?
plumbing plumb = lead = many original piping
systems lead also used in joining copper pipes
The system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building.
Most Common Materials
PVC (Water, Sewer and Vent) Sanitary Mains are typically 4” in a
home, and vary in size from 2”-3” The main sanitary line will connect from
the tap at the municipal main near the property boundary to the structure it serves
CPVC (Hot Water)
Copper Pipe (Potable Water) Runs from the water meter at the
property line to the structure it serves Sizes usually range from ½” to 2” within
a home
PVC vs. CPVC
PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. It has become a common replacement for metal piping. PVC’s strength, durability, easy installation, and low cost have made it one of the most widely used plastics in the world. ASTM standard allows PVC to be used in applications not exceeding 140 degrees F. Temperatures over this can cause softening of the material and weakening of joints.
CPVC is altered by a free radical chlorination reaction that effectively increases the chlorine content of the material. This difference in makeup allows CPVC to withstand a wider range of temperatures. This is why many building codes require the use of CPVC as opposed to PVC for use in hot water applications. CPVC can handle temperatures up to 200 degrees F.
Copper vs. PVC Cost
Fittings for Different Pipe Types
FITTINGS SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT PIPE TYPES
FITTING TYPE COPPER Water IN
SEWER (PVC) Water OUT Intended Use
Elbow 45°
Redirect Flow
Elbow 90°
Redirect Flow
Coupling
Connect two similar sized pipes.
3 Way Tee
Connect three similar sized pipes together
Fittings - PVC Sewer Pipe
FITTING
TYPE PVC/SEWER
Intended Use
Bushing
Reduces Pipe Size within a fitting. Technician can keep many PVC sizes of these on hand and eliminate the need to carry directional reducers.
Sewer Tee
Connect three sewer pipes together, with sloped ends for increased flow.
Cleanout
Provides temporary access to waste line for clog removal or cleaning
Toilet Flange
Provides a drain connection for toilet
Fittings for Copper Pipe
FITTING TYPE COPPER/WATER Intended Use
Reducer
Allows a smaller pipe to be connected to a larger pipe, reducing the pipe size.
Shutoff Valve
Allows the user to shutoff water flow entirely for inside service. Required by code.
Stubout
Provides a closed section of pipe that can be cut later for finish plumbing. Needs to be closed for pressure testing prior to certificate of occupancy.
Air Chamber
Prevents water hammer noise by allowing water momentum to follow a different path rather than “slamming” into the shutoff valve.
PVC Plumbing
Quick PVC “How To”
Step 1: Cut the pipe to the length of your desires
Step 2: Chamfer the inner and outer edges
Step 3: Dry fit the pipe and make alignment marks
Step 4: Apply purple primer, then cement to both contact surfaces
Step 5: Join pipes together and align marks. The cement dries in about a minute. Voila!
Copper Plumbing
Quick Copper Plumbing “How To”
Step 1: Cut the pipe
Step 2: Deburr the pipe
Step 3: Clean the outside of pipe with sandpaper
Step 4: Clean the inside of pipe with brush
Step 5: Apply solder flux. This helps draw in the solder after heat is applied
Step 6: Apply heat to the joint opposite the side solder is applied. Once the joint is hot enough, solder will melt and be drawn into the joint. This takes about 15 seconds.
Typical Bathroom Plumbing
Sewer Vent
Lavatory Drain Pipe
Hot water
Cold Water
Toilet Flange
Shutoff Valve
Typical Bathroom Plumbing
90° PVC Elbow
Sanitary PVC Pipe Copper Pipe
Copper Tee
Reducing Sanitary Tee
P Trap
PVC Tee with
Reducing Bushing
The P-trap provides a water “barrier” that allows fluid to pass through and then settles back to block sewer gas from reentering the room through the fixture inlet. The vent prevents the siphoning effect that would prevent the water from settling back into the P-trap zone. It must be placed before the top of the DWV Pipe falls below the elevation of the flow line of the pipe as it leaves the trap.
The P-Trap
Determine the water line components needed to complete the copper water supply for the bathroom shown in the figure to the left.
Note: The book expects you to “approximate” the lengths. Most plans will have details that accurately describe the plumbing dimensions and required fixtures.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Estimating Pipe Lengths
Find the materials for the hot water line.
19 LF of ¾” pipe is required for the HOT water line. It tees off to supply hot water to FOUR (4) lavatories. Each tee needs ONE (1) 90 elbow and ONE ( ½ x 6) inch stub-out for a total of FOUR (4) each.
Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF
1 inch Pipe
1 ¼ inch Pipe
(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee
4
(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee
(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee
(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch
4
90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch
Air Chamber
Stub Out (½ x 6) inch
4
Find the LF for the COLD water Line
8 LF of ¾ pipe expands to 3 LF of 1 inch pipe, which then expands to 1 ¼ inch pipe for the remaining 8 LF.
Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF
1 inch Pipe 3 LF
1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF
(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee
4
(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee
(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee
(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch
4
90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch
Air Chamber
Stub Out (½ x 6) inch
4
Cold Pipe Materials for FOUR (4) Lavatories.
Item Quantity
¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF
1 inch Pipe 3 LF
1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF
(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee
4 + 3
(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee
(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee
1
(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch
4
90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch
Air Chamber
Stub Out (½ x 6) inch
4
½ inch Pipe
Going from right to left, THREE (3) ( ¾ x ¾ x ½ ) inch tees and 1 ( ¾ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee is needed.
1 2
3 4
12
43
The remaining tees are counted in similar fashion.
Item Quantity
¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF
1 inch Pipe 3 LF
1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF
(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee
4 + 3
(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
1
(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee
2
(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee
1
(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
2
90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch
4 + 6
90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch
Air Chamber
Stub Out (½ x 6) inch
4
½ inch Pipe
Going from left to right, THREE (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tees, ONE (1 ¼ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee, and TWO ( 1 x 1 x ½ ) inch tees are needed. For each tee a 90° Elbow is required for the stubout for a total of SIX (6) tees and elbows.
The water closets (toilets) require 18 inch risers, and the urinal requires a 30 inch riser (taken from the textbook).
Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF
1 inch Pipe 3 LF
1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF
(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee
4 + 3
(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
1
(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee
2
(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee
1
(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee
2
90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch
4 + 6
90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch
1
Air Chamber 1
Stub Out (½ x 6) inch
(4 x 6 inch)
½ inch Pipe 18” + 30”
An air chamber is also required that is ½ “ x 12” and needs a reducing 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch.
Drain Waste and Vent
Also called DWV system Carries wastewater from building Waste pipes carry water with solid waste Drain pipes carry water without solid
waste Please don’t ask me what solid waste
looks like The vent keeps everything going downhill
DWV Example Problem
Determine the DWV components needed to complete the DWV system shown. The horizontal waste piping is 2 FT below the finished floor, the horizontal vent piping is 9 FT above the finished floor, and the vent terminates 14 FT above the finished floor.
Its not rocket science but it’s a good idea to get to know the abbreviations used in the plan.
FD = Floor DrainWC = Water Closet or Toilet
L = Lavatory or SinkWCO = Wall Clean Out
UR = Urinal
DWV Example Problem
Starting with the Cleanout (WCO)4 LF of 2” PIPE
12 LF of 4” PIPE
1 2” Cleanout Plug
8 LF of 2” PIPE
1 2” Cleanout Adapter
1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee1 4”x2” Bushing
1 2” Sanitary Tee
2 2” 90° Elbows
1 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tee
1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee
2 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tees
DWV Example Problem
Then the Lavatory Risers
8 LF of 2” PIPE
4 6” long sections of 2” PIPE4 Male Adapters
2 Double 2” Sanitary Tees
DWV Example Problem
Now the Water Closet & Urinal Risers1 LF of 3” PIPE
2 LF of 3” PIPE
3 LF of 2” Pipe
1 3” Sanitary Tee
1 3”x2” Bushing
2 LF 3” Pipe
2 3” Double Sanitary Tees
1 6” Length of 2” Pipe
1 2” Sanitary Tee
4 3” 90° Elbows
8 LF 3” Pipe
2 3”x2” Bushing
4 3” Toilet Flanges
DWV Example Problem
Then the Floor Drains
1 LF of 2” PIPE
8 LF of 2” PIPE
2 2” Floor Drains
1 2” Double Sanitary Tee
2 P-Traps
DWV Example Problem
Finally the Vent Piping
21 LF of 2” PIPE
30 LF of 2” PIPE
1 3” Tee
5 LF of 3” Pipe
15 LF of 2” Pipe
4 2” Tees2 2” 90° Elbows
2 3”x2” Bushings
DWV Example Problem
Then finish off with odds and ends7 2” Test Caps
1 Thermoplastic Roof Flashing
5 3” Test Caps
1 Decorative Cleanout Cover
Plumbing Riser
Plumbing Riser
The aftermath
There’s lots of info on my web site
Once you have completed the quantity takeoff you can then use simple math to add everything up and price the job accordingly.
Use the HW template
That’s all for today…
Welcome back…
Questions?