COMUNICAÇÃO TÉCNICA ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nº 174260.1

Applicability of soil bioengineering techniques in the provision of environmental service: studies on mining reclamation Maria Lúcia Solera Caroline Almeida Souza Mariana Hortelani Carneseca Longo Sofia Julia Alves Macedo Campos Omar Yazbek Bitar

Palestra apresentado no 24.World Mining

Congress, 2016, Rio de Janeiro. Lecture... 26 slides. A série “Comunicação Técnica” compreende trabalhos elaborados por técnicos do IPT, apresentados em eventos, publicados em revistas especializadas ou quando seu conteúdo apresentar relevância pública. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

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www.ipt.br

Applicability of soil bioengineering techniques in the provision of

environmental service: studies on mining reclamation

Authors: Maria Lucia Solera; Caroline Almeida Souza; Mariana

Hortelani Carneseca Longo; Sofia Julia Alves Macedo Campos and

Omar Yazbek Bitar

Rio de Janeiro, 21 de outubro de 2016

Presenter: Maria Lucia Solera

Contents

Cajati mine

soil bioengineering / natural engineering:

techniques

prototypes

models

environmental services associated

results / conclusions

Cajati Mine

Cajati mine complex

located in the central area of the

municipality of Cajati – north of

its urbanized area –, in the

Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State,

Brazil

Cajati mine

production of phosphate rock

lime for cement production and agricultural lime

production of sulfuric and phosphoric acids and dicalcium

phosphate, the latter to attend the animal nutrition market

The Cajati mine complex is an integrated industrial

complex

Soil Bioengineering Technique

Soil Bioenginering is a technology that employs the use of live

materials, alone or in combination with inert materials. Live materials

are arranged in different constructive models, combining structural and

ecological functionality, to recover areas in different degradation

contexts.

Techniques Identified

techniques applied in Brazil were identified and analyzed

ability to control the biophysical processes

applicability in recovering mined areas

potential in generating environmental services

adapted techniques

Techniques Identified

three techniques frequently used in stabilizing and artificial slopes;

described in the scientific literature

live slope grating

wood palisade combined to herbaceous species

hydroseeding combined with biomantle

Six recovery techniques were identified in the field research, five of

which supported on the SB concept:

Techniques Identified

two techniques for controlling gullies and renaturalization of

hidden streams; are not described in the soil bioengineering

literature

the green channel

stones and wood gutter.

Techniques Identified

One technique was used to revegetate cut and fill slopes and

to restore the vegetation of mined areas; not described in the

soil bioengineering literature

topsoil transposition

Environmental Services

Environmental services associated with the techniques

analyzed:

support (increased biological diversity)

regulation (erosion control)

cultural services (recovery of scenic beauty).

Applicability Soil Bioengineering -

Cajati Mine (waste dump)

to recover the upper slope of a waste dump

provision of environmental services.

Cajati mine – waste dump

Cajati Mine – Waste dump

Waste dump composed:

mixed-sized blocks of rock

high level of steepness

porosity/permeability

absence of fine-grained material

Do not provide necessary conditions plant successional

development

Prototypes / Models

building prototypes to retain the soil in conditions of high steepnes

designing models, with minor modifications related to size and

building material.

Three prototypes were developed considering the results of the field

research and also the SB techniques described in the literature:

"guirlanda", "colmeia" and "solo-retentor", using the natural materials

jute and vegetable textile fibers as main construction material

Prototypes / Models

“guirlanda”

circular structure, filled with organic material (litter), designed to

receive seeds in its inner portion, where the soil remains confined

even in heavy precipitation events

Prototypes / Models

“colmeia”

was designed based on the architecture of hives built by bees and

the geocells used in geotechnical engineering works: designed to

receive seeds in its cells

“solo-retentor”

was designed based on existing techniques used to fill gullies.

Prototypes / Models

Models – Main Function

retain soil

receive seeds of leguminous plants

allow the development of plant roots

Waste Dump Piles

The waste dump piles was covered with a layer of about 10 cm of

limestone sand before the installation of the models. The waste

dump piles was monitored for the verification of the performance of

SB models in recovering the area and generating environmental

services.

study area covered with a layer of about 10 cm of limestone sand

Models - Results

retained soil

favored the germination of seeds

development of the plants

generation of environmental service

monitoring of the waste

dump piles

Conclusions

soil bioengineering models favoring:

the soil retention;

the development of herbaceous species;

the generation of environmental services.

construction of soil-substrate; habitat formation; waste reuse;

stabilization of sediment and scenic beauty.

Conclusions

there is much to be investigated for potential use and

generation of environmental services;

development of new SB techniques adapted for slopes of

waste dump piles;

the analysis of other techniques, described in the literature,

that could be adapted to the context of mining areas;

Acknowledgement

The São Paulo Research Foundation – Fapesp

Vale Fertilizantes – Cajati Unit

Institute for Technological Research – IPT

REFERENCES

Eubanks, C. E., & Meadows, D. (2002). A soil bioengineering guide: for streambank and

lakeshore stabilization. Washington, U.S.: Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Technology

and Development Program.

Evette, A. et al. (2009). History of bioengineering techniques for erosion control in rivers in

Western Europe. Environmental Management, 43(6), 972–984.

Fernandes, J. P. & Freitas, A. R. M. (2011). Introdução à engenharia natural (Vol. 2). Lisboa:

Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres.

Gray, D. H. & Sotir, R. B. (1996). Biotechnical and soil bioengineering slope stabilization: a

practical guide for erosion control. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sutili, F. J. (2007). Bioengenharia de solos no âmbito fluvial do sul do Brasil. Tese de doutorado,

Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Perigos Naturais, Instituto de Bioengenharia de Solos e

Planejamento da Paisagem, Universidade Rural de Viena, Viena, Austria.

thank you for your attention

questions can be sent to the address

lucinha@ipt.br