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Input and output

（输入和输出）

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Competencies（能力）

Input devices

Digitizing

Output devices

Multifunctional devices

Telephony

Terminals

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Input（输入）

Data or instructions

Directly from user

From other sources

Input device

Hardware to provide input to computer

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Input Devices（输入设备）

Keyboards

Pointing devices

Scanners

Image capture

devices

Audio capture

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Keyboards（键盘） Most common input device Characters, numbers, symbols converted to

electrical signal Typewriter keyboard, numeric keypad, special

keys Navigation keys Function keys Windows key

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Keyboards（键盘） Toggle keys

Turns a feature on or off

Caps Lock

Combination keys

Held down in combination with another key

Control key, Alt key

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Pointing Devices（定点设备） Control a pointer on the

monitor Used to select buttons,

menus, links Mouse

Most common pointing device

Mechanical Optical Wireless

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Pointing Devices （定点设备） Trackball(轨迹球轨迹球 ))

Move roller ball with thumb Touch surface(触摸板触摸板 ))

Move finger across surface of pad Tap to select

Pointing stick (触摸杆触摸杆 )) Middle of keyboard Move with finger

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Pointing Devices （定点设备） Joystick(操纵杆操纵杆 ))

Popular for computer games User grips stick to maneuver

Touch screen ((触摸屏触摸屏 )) Special monitor Screen layer with crisscrossed beams of

infrared light Select by touching screen directly

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Scanning Devices（扫描设备）

Copy data from a source

Types of scanners

Optical scanner

Bar code readers

Character and Mark recognition

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Optical Scanners（光电扫描仪）

Copy text or images Can be displayed, printed, or stored Types of optical scanners

Flatbed scannerSource placed on glass surface Image scanned from below

Portable scannerHandheld device that slides across

source

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Bar Code Readers （条形码阅读器）

Photoelectric scanner Read bar codes

Alternating black & white vertical bars Universal Product Code (UPC)

Seen in grocery stores, retail stores

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Character & Mark Recognition （字符和标志识别）

Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)

Reads magnetically encoded characters

Optical-character recognition (OCR)

Reflects light off special preprinted

characters

Optical-mark recognition (OMR)

Senses presence or absence of marks

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Image Capturing Devices （图像捕捉设备）

Create or capture original images ( 图像 /影像创建或捕获 )

Digital camera ( 数码摄像机 ) Image recorded digitally to memory

Digital video cameras( 数码摄影机 ) Capture motion

Webcams( 网络摄影 ) Capture images for broadcast on Internet

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Digitizing Devices（数字化设备） Capture sketches, maps, drawings Flat surface, writing device Types

Graphics tabletsSpecial tablet, stylus

Digital notepadsRegular paper, pen

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Audio-Input Devices （音频输入设备）

Convert sound into digital format Voice recognition system

Operate computer by voice command Dictation Microphone, sound card, software

Discrete Continuous

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Voice Recognition Systems Types（声音识别系统类型）

Recognize individual words based on sound

Discrete-speech recognition

Cannot distinguish same-sound words

Continuous-speech recognition

Can distinguish same-sound words

Evaluates context of words

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Output（输出） Processed data from a computer Text, graphics, photos, audio, video Common output devices

Monitor Printer Plotter Voice

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Monitors（监视器） Most frequently used output

device

Size is measured by diagonal

of screen

Common sizes: 15, 17, 19,

21 inches

Clarity is indicated by

resolution

Measured in pixels

More pixels = better clarity

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Monitor Standards （监视器规格）

Resolution capabilities indicated by a monitor’s

standard

Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)

Extended Graphics Array (XGA)

Super Extended Graphics Array (SXGA)

Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA)

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Monitor Types（监视器类型） Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT)

Most common Flat-panel monitors

Passive-matrix Active-matrix

eBook readers Data projectors High-definition television (HDTV)

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Printers（打印机） Produces hard copy output

Ink-jet printer

Sprays droplets of ink

Laser printer

Laser produced images

Thermal printer

Heated element produce image on heat sensitive paper

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Other Printers（其他打印机） Dot-matrix

Series of pins on print head Inexpensive, not high quality

Photo printer Print photo-quality images from digital

cameras Plotter

Maps, architectural drawings High quality, larger sized output

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Audio Output Devices （音频输出设备）

Translate computer data into understandable

sounds

MP3 files

Components

Sound card

Speaker system or headphones

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Combination Input/Output Devices（输入输出联合设备） Devices are combined into one device

Save room Specialized applications

Fax machine Multifunctional device Telephony Terminals

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Fax Machine（传真机） Facsimile transmission machine

Sends and receives images across telephone

lines

Fax/modem board

Give computer same capability

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Multifunctional Device （多功能设备）

Combines Scanner Printer Fax machine Copying machine

Cost effective Saves space Popular in small offices or home

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Telephony（电话）

Uses Internet rather than traditional

communication lines

Requires

Internet telephone

Internet

Special service provider

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Terminals（终端设备） Devices connected to servers Input and output Types

Dumb terminal Intelligent terminal Network terminal Internet terminal

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A Look to the Future（前景）

Brain-machine interface

Signal interceptor in brain translates into

action on the computer

Restore mobility to paralyzed

Prosthetic limbs

Virtual reality

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