computers are your future -...
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Computers Are Your Future
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
Slide 2 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future
Chapter 1
Computers and You
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
Slide 3 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
What You Will Learn . . .
ü Define the word computer and name the four basic operations
ü Describe the main components of a computer Ø Hardware Ø Software
ü Provide examples of hardware devices ü Explore the information-processing cycle
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
Slide 4 © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
What You Will Learn . . .
ü Major categories of computers and various types of computers
ü Advantages and disadvantages of computer use ü Risks of using hardware and software ü Ethical and societal impact of using computers ü How computers affect employment ü Be a responsible computer user
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Computers & You
ü Workers with computer and Internet skills tend to make more money and have more satisfying careers than workers without such skills
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions
ü Computer – A machine that performs the four basic operations of the information-processing cycle: Ø input
Ø processing
Ø output
Ø storage
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions
ü Computer system – A collection of related components that are designed to work together Ø A system includes hardware and software
Hardware Software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions
ü Program – A list of instructions that tell the computer how to perform the four basic operations to accomplish a task
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions
ü Software – All the programs that give the computer its instructions Ø Two categories of software:
System software Application software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Input: Getting Data into the Computer
ü Data – Unorganized raw materials made up of words, numbers, images, or sounds
ü The first operation: input Ø Input devices enable the user to enter data into the
computer Ø The computer accepts data
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Keyboard Mouse – pointing device
Microphone – speech-recognition
Digital Cameras
Input Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Processing: Transforming Data into Information
ü The second operation: processing Ø Computers transform data into information Ø Processing circuitry:
§ Central processing unit (CPU) § Random access memory (RAM)
DATA IN INFORMATION OUT
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Motherboard
Central Processing Unit – CPU
Random Access Memory– RAM
Expansion Card
Processing Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Output: Displaying Information
ü The third operation: output Ø The computer shows the results of the processing operation
in a way people can understand Ø Output devices show the results of processing operations
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Monitor Printer
Speakers
Output Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Storage: Holding Programs and Data for Future Use
ü The fourth operation: storage Ø The computer saves the data or output so that it can be used
again later Ø Storage devices hold all programs and data that the
computer uses
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Hard Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip Drive
CD/DVD Drive
Jaz Drive
Tape Drive
Micro Drive
Storage Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Communications: Moving Data between Computers
ü A fifth operation: communications Ø Moving data within the computer or between computers
§ Communications devices – Enable computers to connect to a computer network
§ Network – Two or more computer systems that are connected
§ Modem – A device that enables the computer to access other computers
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Modem Network Interface Card – NIC
Communications Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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The Information Processing Cycle In Action ü Input – You enter text in a
word processing program Ø You run the program’s spell
checker program ü Processing – The computer
checks and compares all words entered with a list of correctly spelled words
ü Output – The computer provides a list of apparent misspellings Ø You correct the spelling in
your document ü Storage – You save the
revised document to a disk
Compoters A computer is a machine that perfirms four basic operations: input, processing, output, and storage. Together, these four operations are called the information proceesing cycle.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Ethical Debates
ü Digital piracy is using unlicensed software or illegally sharing music or movies Ø When you purchase software, you purchase a license, not the actual
software Ø Installing it on another computer is illegal and unethical
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Desktop – PC, iMac
Notebook – Laptop
Workstation Personal Digital Assistant
Types of Computers Computers for Individuals
Internet Appliance All-in-One
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Types of Computers Computers for Organizations
ü Servers are not designed for individuals. They make programs available for network users
ü Minicomputers handle the computing for small corporations
ü Mainframes handle gigantic processing jobs for large corporations or agencies
ü Supercomputers are ultra-fast and handle huge amounts of scientific data
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Computers, Society, & You
ü Computers can work with all types of data
ü With a computer you can: Ø Purchase CDs from an online store
Ø Organize music collections
Ø Research music reviews
Ø Send e-mail to friends and family
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Computers, Society, & You
ü Computers help us be more productive and creative: Ø Use a word-processor to create a term paper
Ø Facilitate collaboration
Ø Facilitate learning with computer-based study guides
Ø Internet research
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Advantages Disadvantages
Speed Information overload
Memory Expensive
Storage Slower than RAM
Reliability and accuracy Only applies to hardware, not software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Don’t Be Intimidated by Hardware
ü People feel threatened by computers because they fear computers are too complicated
ü Computers should be treated in the same way as any other electrical device
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Maintain a Safe Working Environment
ü Do not overload electrical outlets
ü Do not position hardware where it can fall
ü Leave space for proper ventilation
ü Check that cords are fastened securely
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Ergonomics
ü Helps to prevent injuries from computer use Ø Special keyboards can prevent carpal tunnel syndrome Ø Chairs can help improve your posture Ø Anti-glare screens can be used on computer monitors
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Recognize the Risks of Using Flawed Software
ü All programs contain errors. ü All computer use entails a certain level of risk.
Ø Bug – An error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Take Ethics Seriously
ü Ethics is the behavior associated with moral beliefs
ü Computer ethics deals with computer-related moral dilemmas and principles for computer professionals
ü Responsible computing requires an understanding of both the benefits of computer use and the potential harm of computer misuse
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Societal Impacts of Computer Use
ü The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires schools to provide computer access for people with disabilities Ø Speech recognition software for visually impaired Ø Special input devices for motor impaired
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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The Effect of Computers on Employment
ü Skilled workers earn more wages, but . . . ü Computer guided robots take over many
manufacturing and repetitive jobs ü Structural unemployment results when advancing
technology makes an entire job category obsolete
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Being a Responsible Computer User
ü Be considerate of other sharing the same connection ü Dispose of old computers properly ü Internet overuse may promote unhealthy behavior
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 Summary
• A computer is a machine that performs the operations of input, processing, output, and storage
• A computer system is a collection of related components
• The information processing cycle consists of the input (keyboard, mouse), processing (microprocessor), output (printer, monitor), and storage operations (hard disk, floppy disk)
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 Summary (continued)
• Spell checking is an example of information processing
• Two types of computers: Ø Computers for individuals Ø Computers for organizations
• Responsible computing requires an understanding of advantages and disadvantages of using the computer
• Using hardware and software involves some risk
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 Summary (continued)
• Computers can be misused or used to benefit individuals and society
• Computers create new job opportunities, but also shift the labor demand toward skilled workers
• Being a responsible computer user means knowing how your computer and Internet usage affects you and others