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DONE BY

SAYAN .T. YOUSEPHROLL NO -19

VII B

KV NO -2


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CALCULATING DEVICES-CALCULATOR ,

COMPUTER, NAPIER'S BONES, LEIBNIZ,

ABACUS .


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The founder of calculator is a mathematiciannamed Blaise Pascal . The invention was made by a

young man named Blaise Pascal, of French origin.

The main reason why Pascal created the calculator

was not to take the world of math's by storm, thatwas actually far from what he wanted. He created it

to help his dad handle taxes, since he was tax

adjuster and all. He didnt know this invention

would suddenly take off into epic proportions, not

at all. In 1642, at the age of eighteen, French

mathematician Blaise Pascal built the first

automatic mechanical calculator that could add andsubtract, called the Pascaline.


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COMPUTER The first Computing machine was made by

Charles Babbage in 1822. His idea was not to create

a computer ,But to create a machine that would

compute math problem. He was tired of Human

error in completing math problems ,So he sought to

create a infallible math machine ,but what he got

was instead a machine that was the basis for what

we know now as a computer. His machine , the

Babbage machine was the first programmable ,

analytical machine & it was fully automatic

calculating machine , fundamentally modern day

computers does the same thing, read a program &


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Napier Bones a mathematician , A Mathematician,the highlight of John Napier's life was the creation

of logarithms and the decimal notation for

fractions. His other mathematical contributions

included: a mnemonic for formulas used in solvingspherical triangles, two formulas known as Napier's

analogies used in solving spherical triangles, and

the exponential expressions for trigonometric

functions. In 1621, English mathematician andclergyman, William Ought red used Napier's

logarithms when he invented the slide rule. Ought

red invented the standard rectilinear slide rule and

circular slide rule.


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The abacus also called a counting frame, is a calculating

tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performingarithmetic processes . The abacus was in use centuries

before the adoption of the written modern numeral

system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and

clerks in Asia ,Africa and elsewhere. The oldest known

Chinese abacus date back to the 2nd century BC, it was

constructed differently than the abacus. It was typically

eight inches tall, the length varied though, depending onwho the operator was, however they typically had more

than seven rods. They had an upper and lower deck..

They were used for more than just addition and

subtraction. he user of an abacus is called an abacist.


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Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (July 1, 1646 14, Nov1716) was a German mathematician & Philosopher.

He occupied a place in the history of mathematician

& in the history of philosophy .Leibniz developed the

infinitesimal calculus independently of Isaac Newton,& Leibnizs mathematical notation has been widely

used ever since it was published .It was only in the

20 th century that his Law of continuity & Transcen -

dental Law of Homogeneity found mathematical

implementation. He became one of the most prolific

inventors in the field of Mechanical Calculator. He

also refined the binary number system, which is at

the foundation of virtually all digital computer .


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