computer science and the internet

8/6/2019 Computer Science and the Internet

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Computer Science and the Internet

Vint Cerf

January 2010


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Computer Science at UVA

HAPPY 25th Anniversary!!!!


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Internet was a Computer Science Project

ARPANET - Resource Sharing among CS Depts Wide area demonstration of packet switching

Internet - Interconnection of packet switched networks

Defense applications

Developed by CS researchers not telecom engineers


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UCLA IMP ca. September 1969


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360#3

UCSBPDP

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940

#2

SRI

#4

UTAH

#1

UCLASigma

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The Original

ARPANET

Dec 1969


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First Three-Network Tests (22 Nov 1977)


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Internet 1999


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Internet - Global Statistics 2009

(approx. 4 B mobiles and 1 Billion PCs)

681,064,561

(ftp.isc.org/www/survey/reports/current/

Jul 2009)

1,733 Million Users

(InternetWorldStats.com, Sept. 30, 2009)


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Regional Internet Statistics 9/30/2009

Region Internet

Population

%

penetration

Asia 738.3 Mil. 19.4 %

Europe 418.0 Mil. 52.0 %

North Am. 252.9 Mil. 74.2 %

LATAM/C 179.0 Mil. 30.5 %

Mid-East 57.4 Mil. 26.3 %

Oceania 21.0 Mil. 60.4 %

Africa 67.4 Mil. 6.8 %

TOTAL 1,734.0 Mil. 25.6 %


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Major Changes to Internet

IPv6 - in parallel with IPv4

Internationalized Domain Names

Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)

Digitally-Signed Address Registration (RPKI)

Sensor Networks

Smart Grid

Mobile Devices


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Security

Spam

Viruses/Worms/Trojan Horses

Infected websites

Infected thumb drives

Infected CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.

DOS and DDOS attacks

Social Engineering

Poor passwords (re-usable especially)

Phishing, Pharming(DNS compromise)

IP address poaching

Spectacular human error (configuration esp.)


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Origins of Security Weaknesses

Weak operating systems

Nave Browsers (running with too much privilege)

Poor access control practices

Improper configuration of hosts and clients

Compromised lap/desktops + servers

Leading to BOTNETS

Hackers, Organized Crime, State-sponsored cyberwarfare


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Privacy

Lax user behaviors (social networking, unsafe configuration)

Weak protection of personal data by business, government

Lost laptops, thumb drives

Weak security configuration of servers

Poor access controls

Bad business practices (sharing personal information)

Invasive devices

Mobiles with cameras and sound recording capacity

GPS tracking

RFID tracking

Closed Circuit TV surveillance (traffic, stores, public places)


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Social Responsibility

>25% of the world uses Internet and a larger fraction dependson it indirectly

The Internet of Things is at hand (smart grid, smart appliances,

smart phones, etc.)

Software is an endless frontier - there will always be more and

different applications

We face a fragile future if we dont pay more attention to our

ability to produce reliable and trustworthy software (and dontforget hardware and firmware supply chain issues)


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Challenges to Computer Science

Wheres the science in computer science?

Design of more secure and more usable systems

Operating systems

Browsers

N-factor security procedures and mechanisms

Improved cyber-hygiene

Better programming languages

Better analytical and debugging tools

Better compromise detection (e.g. traffic audits)


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Cloud Collaboration

Multiple Data Centers (replication, responsiveness) Dynamic capacity sharing

Data sharing (latest copy is always in the cloud

Video and audio conferencing with data sharing

Inter-Cloud interactions (new research area!) How to refer to other clouds?

How to refer to data in other clouds?

How to make data references persistent (unlike URLs)?

How to protect Clouds from various forms of attack (inside, outside)?

How to establish an access control regime (inside, between clouds)? What semantics can we rely on with inter-cloud data exchange?

What notion of object would be useful for inter-cloud exchange?


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Internet Research Problems

Security at all levels

Internet Erlang formulas

QOS debates (smart

routers?)

Internationalized Domain

Names (ccTLDs & GTLDs)

Distributed Algorithms

Presence (multi-level)

Mobility, persistence(processes, connections,

references)

Multihoming

Multipath routing

Broadcast utilization

Mesh and Sensor networks

Virtualization (net, storage,

processing)


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Internet Research Problems - 2

Authentication, Identity,Authorization

Multi-core Processor Algorithms

Delay and Disruption Tolerance

Integration of Applications (e.g.

drag/drop gadgets in calendar)

Intellectual Property Protection

(tracking rights, enforcement)

Role of Layering

Governance

- Law Enforcement

- Policy Development

- Homologation

- Facilitation of electronic

commerce

- Privacy and confidentiality


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Internet Research Problems - 3

Mobile operation

Dynamic joining (new IP address?, Authentication?)

Dynamic Routing (Dynamic Topology)

Persistent connection (ID at TCP/UDP/RTP layer?)

Interplanetary Long-Haul Architecture (RFC 4838)

Licklider Transport Protocol (LTP)

Bundle Protocol (RFC 5050)

Delayed Binding of Identifiers

Email-like behavior


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Policy Considerations

Broadband and wireless infrastructure

Non-discriminatory access (net neutrality)

Common Carriage style safe harbors regarding content

Permissionless innovation

Cloud computing efficiencies (note US CIO position)

Multi-lateral ICANN Affirmations

Continuation of IGF

Containing the ITU

Coping with TLD expansion


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Challenges of the Digital Age

Intellectual property treatment Digital material is easy to copy and distribute

Semantic Web

Complex objects that can only be rendered via computer

3D interactive objects

Complex spreadsheets

Interactive environments

BIT ROT! Preserving interpretive programs (Windows 3000 and PPT 1997)

And the operating systems that run them

And the hardware that run the operating systems

For thousands of years!!


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APPLICATIONS


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Text and Video ChattingText and Video Chatting


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Google Moon


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Accessibility

@Google: Accessibility Engineering and Capability Council See www.google.com/accessibility

Captioning of YouTube videos

Captions and Subtitles

Automatic Captions (English) and Timing

Language Translation (50 languages) [next slide]


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Internet-enabled Devices


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The Data Will Come to Us!

Sensor networks everywhere! Seismic, oceanographic, atmospheric, satellite

Smart buildings, instrumented highways

Video sensors (traffic, security)

The Smart Grid

(Google) PowerMeter application

Hybrid and Plug-In vehicles

Injecting power into the Grid

Tracking usage for better lifestyle decisions

Office and building efficiencies


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InterPlaNetary Internet


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QuickTime and adecompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime and adecompressor

are needed to see this picture.


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Interplanetary Internet:InterPlaNet (IPN)

Planetary internets

Interplanetary Gateways

Interplanetary Long-Haul Architecture (RFC 4838)

Licklider Transport Protocol (LTP)

Bundle Protocol (RFC 5050)

Delayed Binding of Identifiers

Email-like behavior

TDRSS and NASA in-space routing

Delay and Disruption Tolerant Protocols Tactical Mobile applications (DARPA)

Civilian Mobile applications (SameNet!)

Deep Impact Testing October 2008

Space Station Testing July 2009

EPOXI Testing October 2009


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End-to-end information flow across the solar system

Layered architecture for evolvability andinteroperability

IP-like protocol suite tailored to operate over longround trip light times

Integrated communications and navigation services

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