computer hardware servicing nc ii instructional manual

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II

Instructional Book

ContentsUnit of Competency...........................................................................................................................................1

...........................................................................................................................................................................1

Unit of competency...........................................................................................................................................2

Summary of Questions.............................................................................................................................3

Summary of Questions.......................................................................................................................................4

Inventory............................................................................................................................................................5

Materials/Tools/Workarea/Equipment .............................................................................................................5

Inventory............................................................................................................................................................6

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS).....................................................................................................8

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS).....................................................................................................8

PC Disassembly and Assembly...........................................................................................................................9

...........................................................................................................................................................................9

PC Assembly and Disassembly.........................................................................................................................10

Assembly Preparation..................................................................................................................................10

Installing Windows XP......................................................................................................................................14

.........................................................................................................................................................................14

Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk.........................................................................................................21

Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk.........................................................................................................22

Device Driver....................................................................................................................................................30

Installations......................................................................................................................................................30

Device Driver Installations...............................................................................................................................31

Cabling and......................................................................................................................................................32

Network...........................................................................................................................................................32

Configurations..................................................................................................................................................32

How to wire your own Ethernet cables and connectors..................................................................................33

What You Need:...........................................................................................................................................33

About the Cable...........................................................................................................................................33

About Modular Connector Plugs and Jacks:.................................................................................................34

Ethernet Cable Pin Outs:..............................................................................................................................35

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram(both ends are the same):.......................................................35

Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram(T568B):....................................................................................................37

NETWORKING..................................................................................................................................................43

Connecting Two Computers Through a Router............................................................................................43

How to Assign a Static IP Address in XP.......................................................................................................44

How to use the Simple File Sharing feature to share files in Windows XP...................................................49

Turning on and turning off Simple File Sharing........................................................................................49

Managing levels of access to shares and to files......................................................................................51

How To Share a Printer with Windows XP.......................................................................................................59

Back up & Restore............................................................................................................................................61

Files..................................................................................................................................................................61

How to Back Up Files and Folders....................................................................................................................62

How to Restore Files and Folders.....................................................................................................................63

Unit of Competency

Unit of Competency

Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

Unit of competency

Install Computer System and Networks Diagnose and Troubleshoot Computer System Configure Computer System and Network

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Summary of Questions




Answer the following Questions

Can I Yes or No

Plan and prepare work to ensure occupational health and safety (OHS) policies and procedures are followed. YES

Obtain materials, tools, equipment and testing devices needed to conform the job requirements. YES

Interpret work instructions according to the job requirements. YES Obtain computer components/devices/systems and determines its location prior to installation. YES Install equipment/devices/systems in accordance with the job requirements. YES Check/test devices/systems and/or installation to determine the conformity to the job

requirements. YES Check computer systems and networks for configuration in accordance with the specification and

requirements. YES Diagnose fault or problem in the computer systems and networks in line with the standard

operating procedure. YES Configure the identified systems and networks based on the specifications and job requirements.

YES Inspect and test configured computer systems and networks in conformity with manufacturer’s

instructions/manual. YES Correct/adjust components or parts of computer system and networks in accordance with the job

requirements. YES Test computer systems and networks to ensure safe operation. YES Performs scheduled/periodic maintenance in accordance with manufacturer’s requirements. YES Make needed repairs/replacement in accordance with established procedures when necessary. YES Document tasks undertaken in the accordance with standard operation procedure (SOP). YES Clean and clear worksite of all surplus/excess materials in accordance with company standard

operation procedure (SOP). YES

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Inventory

Materials/Tools/Workarea/Equipment

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Inventory of Materials/Tools/Workarea/Equipment


Inventory

MATERIALS

Computer Casing (Mini tower Casing) Motherboard (socket 478/LGA 775) Power Supply (ATX 500 Watts) Memory Modules (DDR1/DDR2) Video Card (AGP/PCIE) Modem Drives (Optical/Hard disk drives) Cables AVR

TOOLS Anti-static Protection (Wrist Wrap) Pliers Screw Drivers Multi-meter Cable tester Crimping tool Side cutter Gloves UTP cable Cable tie Apron Logic Probe

WORK AREA Table / work board Rubber matt Extension Power Cord (220v)

EQUIPMENT Printer Personal Computer with LAN

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

People who wanted to take the computer hardware servicing (CHS) NCII exam is expected to have the prior basic knowledge on computer hardware and software operations. To pass the exam, they are required to demonstrate competencies in the standard PC installation, hardware troubleshooting and repair,

software installation, and basic networking. It is also expected that they can give at least six occupational health and safety (OHS) that are related to computer hardware servicing.

Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.

Personal protective equipment are correctly used in accordance with organization OHS

procedures and practices.

Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or

eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and environment.

Always discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.

Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.

Wear rubber sole shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.

Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.

When making circuit changes, switch off and unplug the power cord from the equipment then

discharge the capacitors.

Replace only fuses with those proper rating.

Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC’s.

Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.

Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place


PC Disassembly and Assembly


PC Assembly and Disassembly

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Actually assembling the system is easy after you have lined up all the components. In fact, you will find the parts procurement phase the most lengthy and trying of the entire experience. Completing the system is basically a matter of screwing everything together, plugging in all the cables and connectors, and configuring everything to operate properly together.

In short order, you will find out whether your system operates as you had planned or whether some incompatibilities exist between some of the components. Be careful and pay attention to how you install all your components. It is rare that a newly assembled system operates perfectly the first time, even for people who are somewhat experienced.

It is very easy to forget a jumper, switch, or cable connection that later causes problems in system operation. Most people's first reaction when problems occur is to blame defective hardware, but that is usually not the source. The problem can typically be traced to some missed step or error made in the assembly process.

Above all, the most crucial rule of assembling your own system is to save every piece of documentation and software that comes with every component in your system. This material can be indispensable in troubleshooting problems you encounter during the assembly process or later. You should also retain all the packing materials used to ship mail-order components to you until you are certain they will not have to be returned.

Assembly Preparation

The process of physically assembling a PC requires only a few basic tools: a 1/4'' nut driver or Phillips-head screwdriver for the external screws that hold the cover in place and a 3/16'' nut driver or Phillips-head screwdriver for all the other screws. Needle-nose pliers can also help in removing motherboard standoffs, jumpers, and stubborn cable connectors.

Because of marketplace standardization, only a couple types and sizes of screws (with a few exceptions) are used to hold a system together. Also, the physical arrangement of the major components is similar even among different manufacturers. Figure 1 shows the components that go into a typical system, and Figure 2 shows the system with those components assembled.

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Step 1:

The very first thing you do when you disassemble a PC is to turn it off and disconnect all the power sources. This is very important. Forgetting to turn the power off, especially from the wall outlet, will cause tremendous results.

Next is to pull out all the external cables.The monitor cable (or the other cables with screws) isn’t just ripped off. It is unscrewed.

Pulling it off directly might flatten the teeth of its screws thus making it harder for you to put it back later on.

The Fiber Optics, patch, telephone, and modem cables are removed by pressing its clip down a bit, then pulling it out.

Other cables such as the USB, Firewall, standard keyboard and mouse cable are just pulled out carefully.

Some computers don’t need to be unscrewed while some require you to pop out 3 or 4 screws (with the PC in the MIS lab, we had to unscrew the side panel then take the cover out). Slide the cover out and take a good look of your PC’s skeletal system. Remembering how it looked like will help a lot in case you mess up later.

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Step 2:

Upon opening the PC’s case, you’ll see different things such as the video card, the sound card, the hard drives, the CD-ROM, and a lot of cables and wires. Carefully detach the data and power cables. This will make the job easier by allowing more room for work. If they don’t come off easily, don’t force it. Stop and figure out another way to detach it. Extra care should be observed when unplugging the power supply as it still has a powercharge in it. After, detach the drives and cards. It is better to follow a certain order (such as from top to bottom, left to right) to avoid scratching other valuable parts. It usually depends to the placement of your PC’s parts . In our case, we did it from top to bottom.

We followed this order:

Expansion CardsDisk DrivesRAMMotherboard

Step 3:Expansion Cards

o Interface card (ATA / Bluetooth / EIDE / IDE / Parallel / RISC / SCSI /Serial / USB)

o Modemo MPEG Decodero Network Cardo Sound Cardo Video Cardo Video capture cardo RAM

As you can see from above, there are many kinds of expansion cards. They enhance a computer’s ability in various areas. Expansion cards nowadays usually come with the Motherboard. However, upgrading from an old PC requires separate expansion cards like those listed above. To remove them, all you need to do is snap these expansion cards out from their respective expansion slots. Do not touch the pin connectors on the cards with your bare hands. Note the bays in which where they were originally located.

Step 4:

Disk Driveso Floppy Disk Driveso Hard Disk Driveso CD-ROM or DVD-ROM

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Unlike other drives, the hard disk drive is the only drive that is not physically accessed by the user like the floppy disk drive or the CD-ROM drive. Make sure that the data and power cables are removed. Unscrew the drive from its respective slot. Remember that the floppy disk drive’s data cable has a folded end. The folded end is the one attached to the floppy disk drive itself. Both the floppy drive and the CD-ROM are slid outside the PC’s case while the hard drive is slid from the inside.

Step 5:

Motherboardo RAMo Central Processing Unito Processor

Detach the RAM from the slot. Then, gently remove the Processor by pulling the lever up then picking it up. Take note of the two holes in the processor’s case. These holes indicate the positioning of the Processor. After putting aside the processor, unscrew the motherboard’s screws. Standard motherboards have 6 screws. Be sure not to scratch it. Scratching it might harm your CPU’s performance.

Remember that when putting aside these hardware components, the space it’s supposed to occupy is clean and metal free. Wearing metal watches, rings, or bracelets while disassembling might damage your hardware components.

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Installing Windows XP

Software Installations


How to Install Windows XP

This procedure demonstrates how to install Windows XP Professional. The procedure to install Windows XP home edition is very similar to the professional edition. Since Windows XP Pro is more advanced operating system, it will be used to demonstrate the installation procedure.

The best way install Windows XP is to do a clean install. It is not difficult to perform a clean installation. Before you perform the installation I recommend that you check Windows XP Compatibility List to ensure that your hardware is supported by XP. If your hardware is not on the compatibility list you can check your hardware manufactures website to download the drivers for Windows XP. Save all the necessary drivers onto floppy disks or CD before you start the installation.

All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP:

Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:

Step 2 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.

Step 3 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue

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ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/services/whql/hcl/WinXPHCLx86.txt

http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp1.jpg






Step 4- This step is very important. Here we will create the partition where Windows will be installed. If you have a brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen similar to below. In our case the drive size is 8190MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating a partition, hence use the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this you can just press enter and Windows will automatically partition and format the drive as one large drive.

However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 6000MB (C: drive) and second partition would be 2180MB (E: drive). By creating two partition we can have one which stores Windows and Applications and the other which stores our data. So in the future if anything goes wrong with our Windows install such as virus or spyware we can re-install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive will not be touched. Please note you can choose whatever size partition your like. For example if you have 500GB hard drive you can have two partition of 250GB each.

Press C to create a partition.

Step 5 - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create. I will choose 6000MB. You will then get the screen below. Notice it shows C: Partition 1 followed by the size 6000 MB. This indicates the partition has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 2189MB. Next highlight the unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available for the new partition. Just choose all the space left over, in our case 2180MB.

Step 6 - Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) 6000MB and Partition 2 (E: Drive) 2180MB. You will also have 8MB of unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just leave it how its is. Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder what happened to D: drive. Windows has automatically allocated D: drive to CD/DVD-ROM.

Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.

Step 7 - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the recommended file system. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size files.

Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files as shown on the two images below :

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Step 8 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer.

Step 9 - Choose your region and language.

Step 10 - Type in your name and organization.

Step 11. Enter your product key.

Step 12 - Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down your Administrator password.

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Step 13 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.

Step 14 - For the network setting choose typical and press next.

Step 15 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.

Step 16 - Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to continue.

Step 17 - Choose 'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates now' and press next.

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Step 18 - Will this computer connect to the internet directly, or through a network? If you are connected to a router or LAN then choose: 'Yes, this computer will connect through a local area network or home network'. If you have dial up modem choose: 'No, this computer will connect directly to the internet'. Then click Next.

Step 19 - Ready to activate Windows? Choose yes if you wish to active Windows over the internet now. Choose no if you want to activate Windows at a later stage.

Step 20 - Add users that will sign on to this computer and click next.

Step 21 - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.

Step 22. Log in, to your PC for the first time.

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Step 23 - You now need to check the device manager to confirm that all the drivers has been loaded or if there are any conflicts. From the start menu select Start -> Settings -> Control Panel. Click on the System icon and then from the System Properties window select the Hardware tab, then click on Device Manager.

If there are any yellow exclamation mark "!" next to any of the listed device, it means that no drivers or incorrect drivers has been loaded for that device. In our case we have a Video Controller (VGA card) which has no drivers installed.

Your hardware should come with manufacturer supplied drivers. You need to install these drivers using the automatic setup program provided by the manufacturer or you need to manually install these drivers. If you do not have the drivers, check the manufacturers website to download them.

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Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk




Boot From Startup Disk

Put your Startup Disk in the Floppy Drive

Start or Re-start your machine - your machine will Bootup from the Floppy Drive

During that process you'll see (something like) the following:

1. Start computer with CD-ROM support2. Start computer without CD-ROM support3. View the Help file.

Enter a choice: 1

If your machine doesn't Bootup from the Floppy Drive - sorry, but you're on your own. Your machine must Bootup from the Floppy Drive before you can continue.

Once your machine has Booted from the Setup Disk you will see (something like) the following:

To get help, type HELP and press Enter.

A:\>

Your machine is running in DOS mode. The only way to interact with your machine in this state is by typing DOS commands.

Remove Current Partions

Now you are ready to remove any existing Partitions on your Hard Disk.

This section assumes that you've decided - like I did - to re-partition a 10Gb Hard Disk from the appearance of a single 10Mb Hard Disk to the appearance of a 1Gb and a 9Gb Hard Disks.

This will give me a C:\ drive for Windows 98 and a D:\ drive for my files

Note The fdisk command seems to like verifying (an reverify) the intergrity of your Hard Disk so you'll be forced to wait on it between some of these steps.

Delete Primary Partition

In this section we'll delete the Primary Partition. At the A:\> prompt:

Type fdisk

Press Enter - you will see (something like) the following:

Your computer has a disk larger than 512 MB.

...

Do you wish to enable large disk support (Y/N)..........?[Y]

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This question is about whether (or not) you want to use the FAT16 or the FAT32 file system. For Windows 98 you'll almost certainly want the FAT32 file system.

Since Y is the default:


FDISK Options

Current fixed disk drive: 1

Choose on of the following:

1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive2. Set active partition3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive4. Display partition information

Enter choice:[1]

Press Esc to exit FDISK

Press 3


Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive

Current fixed drive: 1

Choose one of the following:

1. Delete Primary DOS Partition2. Delete Extended DOS Partition3. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition4. Delete Non-DOS Partition

Enter choice: [_]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Press 1


Delete Primary DOS Partition


Partition Statu Type Volume Label Mbytes System Usage

C: 1 PRI DOS 9531 UNKNOWN 100%

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Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

WARNING! Data in the deleted Primary DOS Partition will be lost.What primary partition do you want to delete..? [1]


Since 1 is the default option:


Enter Volume Label...............? [ ]

Since (in this case) my Hard Disk has no Volume Label:


Are you sure (Y/N)...............? [Y]

Press Esc to return to FSDISK Options

Since Y is the default:


Delete Primary DOS Partition


Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Primary DOS Partition deleted

Press Esc to return to continue

Press Esc - you will see (something like) the following:

FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


You are now ready to re-partition your Hard Disk.

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Re-partition Hard DriveCreate Primary DOS Partition

Since 1 is the default:like) the following:

Create Primary DOS Partition


Do you with to use the maximum available size for a Primary DOS Partitionand make the partition active (Y/N)...............? [Y]


You are being asked - if you want to use all of your Hard Disk for the Primary Partition. Press Enter - you will see (something like) the following:



Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1046576)Maximum spave available for partition is 9531 Mbytes (100%)

Enter partition size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) tocreate a Primary DOS Partition


You are being asked - how much of your Hard Disk you want to use for the Primary Partition.

Type 1024 (the actual number of megabytes in a gigabyte) - you'll need about this much for Windows

98 alone




Partition Status Type Volume Label Mbytes System Usage


Primary DOS Partition created

Press Esc to continue

You are now ready to create an Extended DOS Partition on your Hard Disk.

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Create Create Extended DOS Partition

This will be the new D:\> drive.


FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


Since 1 is the default:


TO BE DONE

Enter 2


TO BE DONE

You are being asked - how much of the remaining space on your Hard Disk you want to use for the Primary Partition. To accept the defult offered by fdisk:


Create Extended DOS Partition




1 EXT DOS 8503 UNKNOWN 89%

Extended DOS Partition created



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FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


You're ready to create a Logical DOS Drive in the Extended DOS Partition.

Create Logical DOS Drive in Extended Partition

Since 1 is the default: Press Enter - you will see (something like) the following:

TO BE DONE

Enter 3


TO BE DONE

You are being asked - how much of the disp space in the Extended DOS Partition you want to use for the Logical DOS Drive.

Since we are only creating one drive in the Extended DOS Partition we'll accept the default size that fdisk offers.

To accept the default:


Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition

Drv Volume Label

Mbytes System Usage

D: 8503 UNKNOWN 100%

All available space is the Extended DOS Partitionis assigned to logical drives.Press Esc to continue


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FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


The Logical Drive D:\> is created.

You are ready to Activate the Primary Partition.

Activate Primary Partition

Press 2


Set Active Partition


Partition

Status

Type

Volume Label

Mbytes

System

Usage

C: 1

PRI DOS

1028

UNKNOWN

11%

2

EXT DOS

8503

UNKNOWN

89%


Enter the number of the partition you want to make active...............: [_]


Since 1 is the default:

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Press 1


Set Active Partition



C: 1 A PRI DOS 1028 UNKNOWN 11%

2 EXT DOS 8503 UNKNOWN 89%


Partition 1 made active



You MUST restart your system for your changes to take effect.Any drives you have created or changed must be formattedAFTER you restart.

Shut down Windows before restarting.

Press Esc to exit fdisk

You've Partitioned your Hard Disk and Activated its Primary Partition.

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Device Driver

Installations

Device Driver Installatons


Device Driver Installations

1. Turn your XP-based computer on and wait for Windows to load fully. Attach the device you wish to install, turn the device on and wait a few seconds. Windows XP automatically detects new hardware and searches its device libraries, stored on the computer, for a matching driver. A window appears in the bottom right-hand corner of Windows, beside the clock, that says “Found new hardware…” If Windows doesn’t have the driver for the device, it tells you so.

2. Check for missing drivers in Device Manager to see if any of your drivers are missing or malfunctioning, or if you need to install new ones. Hold down the "Windows" key on your keyboard and press “Pause” to launch System Properties, then click “Device Manager.” All of the hardware for your system is listed here. Devices with a yellow exclamation point beside them are not working correctly and need a new driver. Right-click on devices and choose “Properties” to see more details, then click “Driver” for all of your driver-related options. Click “Check for update” to have Windows search online for a new driver, or “Update driver” to point Windows at a new driver that you've already downloaded or that you have on a disc.

3. Use the driver disc that shipped with your device if Windows can’t automatically detect the driver. Insert the CD-ROM and follow the instructions that shipped with the device. The process for this is always different and depends on what kind of device you are installing. Cameras have specific software that you don’t necessarily need to use to transfer photos, for example, whereas printers have software that includes drivers that you absolutely need to be able to print.

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Cabling and

Network

Configurations

How to make your cable?


How to wire your own Ethernet cables and connectors

What You Need:

Ethernet Cable - bulk Category (Cat) 5, 5e, 6, 6a or higher Ethernet cable

Wire Cutters - to cut and strip the Ethernet cable if necessary

For Patch Cables

8P8C Modular Connector Plugs ("RJ45")

Modular Connector Crimper ("RJ45")

For Fixed Wiring

8P8C Modular Connector Jacks ("RJ45")

110 Punch Down Tool

Recommended

Wire Stripper

Cable Tester

About the Cable

You can find bulk supplies of ethernet cable at many computer stores or most electrical or home centers. You want UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) ethernet cable of at least Category 5 (Cat 5). Cat 5 is required for basic 10/100 functionality, you will want Cat 5e for gigabit (1000BaseT) operation and Cat 6 or higher gives you a measure of future proofing. You can also use STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) for extra resistance to external interference but I won't cover shielded connectors. Bulk ethernet cable comes in many types, there are 2 basic categories, solid and braided stranded cable. Stranded ethernet cable tends to work better in patch applications for desktop use. It is more flexible and resilient than solid ethernet cable and easier to work with, but really meant for shorter lengths. Solid ethernet cable is meant for longer runs in a fixed position. Plenum rated ethernet cable must be used whenever the cable travels through an air circulation space. For example, above a false ceiling or below a raised floor. It may be difficult or impossible to tell from the package or labelling what type of ethernet cable it is, so peal out an end and investigate.

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Here is what the internals of the ethernet cable look like:

Internal Cable Structure and Color Coding

Inside the ethernet cable, there are 8 color coded wires. These wires are twisted into 4 pairs of wires, each pair has a common color theme. One wire in the pair being a solid or primarily solid colored wire and the other being a primarily white wire with a colored stripe (Sometimes ethernet cables won't have any color on the striped wire, the only way to tell which is which is to check which wire it is twisted around). Examples of the naming schemes used are: Orange (alternatively Orange/White) for the solid colored wire and White/Orange for the striped cable. The twists are extremely important. They are there to counteract noise and interference. It is important to wire according to a standard to get proper performance from the ethernet cable. The TIA/EIA-568-A specifies two wiring standards for an 8-position modular connector such as RJ45. The two wiring standards, T568A and T568B vary only in the arrangement of the colored pairs. Tom writes to say "...sources suggest using T568A cabling since T568B is the AT&T standard, but the US Government specifies T568A since it matches USOC cabling for pairs 1 & 2, which allows it to work for 1/2 line phones...". Your choice might be determined by the need to match existing wiring, jacks or personal preference, but you should maintain consistency. I've shown both below for straight through cabling and just T568B for crossover cabling.

About Modular Connector Plugs and Jacks:

The 8P8C modular connectors for Ethernet are often called RJ45 due to their physical ressemblance. The plug is an 8-position modular connector that looks like a large phone plug. There are a couple variations available. The primary variation you need to pay attention to is whether the connector is intended for braided or solid wire. For braided/stranded wires, the connector has sharp pointed contacts that actually pierce the wire. For solid wires, the connector has fingers which cut through the insulation and make contact with the wire by grasping it from both sides. The connector is the weak point in an ethernet cable, choosing the wrong one will often cause grief later. If you just walk into a computer store, it's nearly impossible to tell what type of plug it is. You may be able to determine what type it is by crimping one without a cable.

Modular connector jacks come in a variety styles intended for several different mounting options. The choice is one of requirements and preference. Jacks are designed to work only with

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solid ethernet cable. Most jacks come labeled with color coded wiring diagrams for either T568A, T568B or both. Make sure you end up with the correct one.

Here is a wiring diagram and pin out:

Modular Connector Plug and Jack Pin Out

Ethernet Cable Pin Outs:

There are two basic ethernet cable pin outs. A straight through ethernet cable, which is used to connect to a hub or switch, and a crossover ethernet cable used to operate in a peer-to-peer fashion without a hub/switch. Generally all fixed wiring should be run as straight through. Some ethernet interfaces can cross and un-cross a cable automatically as needed, a handy feature

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram(both ends are the same):

RJ45 Pin #

Wire Color

(T568A)

Wire Diagram(T568A)

10Base-T Signal100Base-TX

Signal

1000Base-T Signal

1 White/Green Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Green Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Orange Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Orange Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-

Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568A

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Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568B

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RJ45 Pin #

Wire Color(T568B)

Wire Diagram(T568B)

10Base-T Signal100Base-TX Signal

1000Base-T Signal

1 White/Orange Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Orange Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Green Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Green Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-



Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram(T568B):

RJ45 Pin # (END 1)

Wire Color

Diagram End #1

RJ45 Pin # (END 2)

Wire Color

Diagram End #2

1 White/Orange 1 White/Green

2 Orange 2 Green

3 White/Green 3 White/Orange

4 Blue 4 White/Brown

5 White/Blue 5 Brown

6 Green 6 Orange

7 White/Brown 7 Blue

8 Brown 8 White/Blue

Crossover Ethernet Cable Pin Outs

+Note: The crossover ethernet cable layout is suitable for 1000Base-T operation, all 4 pairs are crossed.

The steps below are general Ethernet Category 5 (commonly known as Cat 5) cable construction guidelines. For our example, we will be making a Category 5e patch cable, but the same general method will work for making any category of network cables.

STEPS

The steps below are general Ethernet Category 5 (commonly known as Cat 5) cable construction guidelines. For our example, we will be making a Category 5e patch cable, but the same general method will work for making any category of network cables.

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1. Unroll the required length of network cable and add a little extra wire, just in case. If a boot is to be fitted, do so before stripping away the sleeve and ensure the boot faces the correct way.

2. Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring. One good way to do this is to cut lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from yourself, about an inch toward the open end. This reduces the risk of nicking the wires' insulation. Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string is found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the cable by holding the sheath in one hand and pulling sideways with the string or wire. Cut away the unzipped sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 1/4" (30 mm). You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs. Each pair will have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is white with a colored stripe matching its partner (this wire is called a tracer).

3. Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective sheath of any wire, you will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at step one. Exposed copper wire will lead to cross-talk, poor performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that the jacket for all network cables remains intact.

4. Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and disposed (see Warnings). For easier handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4" (19 mm) long from the base of the jacket and even in length.

5. Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following. There are two methods set by the TIA, 568A and 568B. Which one you use will depend on what is being connected. A straight-through cable is used to connect two different-layer devices (e.g. a hub and a PC). Two like devices normally require a cross-over cable. The difference between the two is that a straight-through cable has both ends wired identically with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired 568A and the other end wired 568B.[1] For our demonstration in the following steps, we will use 568B, but the instructions can easily be adapted to 568A.

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568B - Put the wires in the following order, from left to right:

white orangeorangewhite greenbluewhite bluegreenwhite brownbrown

568A - from left to right:white/greengreenwhite/orangebluewhite/blueorangewhite/brownbrown

6. You can also use the mnemonic 1-2-3-6/3-6-1-2 to remember which wires are switched.

7. Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the base of the jacket, as the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C connector by about 1/8", meaning that you only have a 1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than 1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean; failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside the plug.

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8. Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ-45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top. The white/orange wire should be on the left if you're looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made it into the jack and maintain their positions by looking head-on at the plug. You should be able to see a wire located in each hole, as seen at the bottom

right. You may have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the plug. The cabling jacket should also enter the rear of the jack about 1/4" (6 mm) to help secure the cable once the plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the proper length. Verify that the sequence is still correct before crimping.

9. Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. Once you have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp by repeating this step.

10. Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other end (568A or 568B) will depend on whether you're making a straight-through, rollover, or cross-over cable (see Tips).

11. Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Mis-wired and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down the road. In addition, with power-over-Ethernet (PoE) making its way into the market place, crossed wire pairs could lead to physical damage of computers or phone system equipment, making it even more crucial that the pairs are in the correct order. A simple cable tester can quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand, simply test connectivity pin to pin.

TIPS :

A key point to remember in making Ethernet patch cords is that the "twists" in the individual pairs should remain entwined as long as possible until they reach the RJ-45 plug termination. The twisting of the pairs in the network cable is what helps to ensure good connectivity and keeps cross-talk interference to a minimum. Do not untwist the wires any more than you need to.

CAT5 and CAT5e are very similar cables; however CAT5e offers better quality especially on longer runs. If making a longer run, CAT5e is recommended, however CAT5 is still an option for small patch cables.

A good idea on the long runs, especially those that you need to hang or snake around, is to crimp and test the cable before you run the cable. This is recommended especially to anyone who is first

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starting out crimping their own cables, as it ensures you are crimping the correct pin order now, rather than trying to trouble shoot later.

Always keep boxes of Network Cable resting on one of the four 'end' surfaces, never on one of its two sides. This prevents loops falling across each other inside the box causing binding and knots.

WARNING:

The ripcords, if present, are usually quite strong, so do not attempt to break them. Cut them.

Unless you need to do a large amount of cabling work, it may be less frustrating and, due to the cost of tools, less expensive to purchase ready-made cables.

Fire Codes require a special type of cover over the wires if the cabling is to be installed in ceilings or other areas that are exposed to the building ventilation system. This is usually referred to as plenum-grade cable or simply "plenum cable", and does not release toxic fumes when burned. Plenum cabling is more costly, perhaps double that of ordinary cable, so only use where necessary. Riser cable is similar to plenum, but is for use in walls or wiring closets to connect floors. Riser may not replace plenum cable so be aware of what area you are laying your cable. If in doubt, use plenum as it has the strictest and safest ratings.

A cat5 cable cannot exceed 100 meters, or 328 feet. It probably shouldn't go beyond 300 feet.

RJ-45 is the common term most individuals use for the connectors present in CAT5 cabling. The correct name of the connector is simply 8P8C, whereas RJ-45 is the name of a very similar looking defunct connector used in telecommunication. Most people will understand RJ-45 as 8P8C, but be careful when purchasing out of a catalog or online where you can't visibly determine which you are purchasing.

Be aware of any shielding your cable may have. The most common type of cable is UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair), but a number of shielding/foiling options exist for added protection against EMI. Be aware of what you are purchasing and what you need. In most environments, UTP will be fine.

THINGS YOU’LL NEED

Crimper - This is the most essential tool and critical to the cable making process. If you don't have a quality crimper, then your cable connections will be bad. Inferior crimpers will make it difficult and/or nearly impossible to achieve a tight connection between the wires. Many better quality crimpers also have a ratcheting controlled closure for precise crimping. Crimpers with a plastic body will be more likely to develop a sloppy hip joint and give consistently poor cramps; a metal crimper is much preferred, and very common.

Tester (Optional) - Although not necessary for making cables, having a good cable tester can prevent and solve cable wiring configuration and installation problems. Most testers consist of two boxes (transmitter and receiver) you plug your patch cable into. The transmitter box tests the cable by sending test pulses down each individual wire, lighting up LED lights on the receiver box. Most

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testers will show you a result of the pass. Why do you want to test cables? Even if they are slightly damaged, network cables will work, but cause packet loss and data corruption to your hardware.

RJ-45 Connectors - Ensure your RJ45 connectors are designed for the type of cable you are using (solid/stranded), as they have different types of teeth for piercing between multiple strands or around a solid single strand. Note: if you ask in an electrical trades store for RJ45 connectors, you may be asked whether you want "solid", "stranded" or "flat". The "flat" choice relates to the old flat "silver satin" cables used in 10Base-T, and should not be used in new Ethernet deployments.

Bulk Cable - Bulk cable can be found at computer stores, electrical stores, and home centers. You can obtain Category 5, Category 5e, and Category 6 cable, depending on your needs. For lengths shorter than 50' use a stranded/braided cable. For lengths greater than 50' use a solid cable.

There are two types of wire (solid or stranded) and which one you choose should be based on where and how the patch cable is to be used. See warning above about PLENUM cable. Stranded wire is best for a workstation patch as it can tolerate flexing without cracking the conductors; however, the tradeoff is that they're more susceptible to moisture penetration.[2] Solid is best used in a wire closet or for a patch that will be moved very infrequently, as the conductor tends to crack if bent and/or flexed. Cracked conductor leads to "reflections" which make for chatter on the LAN connection, hampering speed and reliability.

Boots (optional but preferred). It saves the cable in the long run and improves the looks. A boot is a molded piece of plastic that protects the connector from snagging, if it is pulled through the wall or conduit. It also provides strain relief on the cable, making it harder for the connector to be pulled off.

Straight edge wire cutter. You may find serrated snips work very nicely. Use something that gives an easy square cut; avoid diagonal pliers for this reason. You will find that many quality crimpers have a straight edge cutter built in.

Fish Tape - Fish tape is either a metal or plastic spool of guide wire. Strong enough not to buckle and bend while being pushed around, but flexible enough to be pushed past corners and bends, fish tape is a vital tool for some cable runs. Recommended conditions include: conduit, within walls, along structural beams and girders, in ducting, plenums, and dropped ceilings, or any situation where it's not physically possible to drag the cable along with you.

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Networking


NETWORKING

Connecting Two Computers Through a Router

With the proliferation of networking devices and cheaper broadband access, it is no longer enough to share computers. Most homes today have more than one computer, and it is necessary to network or connect them to share resources like printers and Internet access. Here are ways to connect two computers through a router.

Instructions

1. Turn off both computers you want to connect through a router. Open your computers' chassis and install the ethernet network cards if your motherboards don’t have them built in. You can also install your wireless ethernet cards this way. Close the chassis when installation is complete.

2. Boot up your computer systems. Install the software for your ethernet cards in both computers following manufacturers' instructions. Newer computers will install this software (driver) automatically.

3. Plug one end of the Cat5 cable into the ethernet network card you just installed in your computer. Plug the other end into an open Internet slot on the back of your router. These slots are numbered. Perform this step on both computers.

4. Plug one end of another Cat5 cable into the slot on the back of your router labeled ethernet. Plug the other end of the cat5 cable into the back of the Internet modem provided by your service provider. Perform this step only if you want to share Internet access between both computers.

5. Plug your router power supply into a power source. Turn on your computers.

6. Your computers are now connected or networked through your router. Note: The router is already configured with proper LAN Settings

SETTING UP IP ADDRESS FOR STATIC CONNECTIONS (Applies only on static IP Address)

7. Configure LAN Settings (See below information on how to change IP Address for a static

connection)

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Networking: Static IP Address


How to Assign a Static IP Address in XPWhen organizing your home network it’s easier to assign each computer its own IP address

than using DHCP. If you have a home network with several computes and devices, it’s a good idea to assign

each of them a specific address. If you use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), each computer will request and be assigned an address every time it’s booted up. When you have to do troubleshooting on your network, it is annoying going to each machine to figure out what IP they have.

Using Static IPs prevents address conflicts between devices and allows you to manage them more easily. Assigning IPs to Windows is essentially the same process, but getting to where you need to be varies between each version.

In this example we’re using XP SP3 Media Center Edition and changing the IP address of the Wireless adapter.

To set a Static IP in XP right-click on My Network Places and select Properties.

Right-click on the adapter you want to set the IP for and select Properties.

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Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button.

Now change the IP, Subnet mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Server Addresses. When you’re finished click OK. Note: IP Address and Default gateway varies in the settings of the router.

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You will need to close out of the Network Connection Properties screen before the changes go into effect.

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Again you can verify the settings by doing an ipconfig in the command prompt. In case you’re not sure how to do this, click on Start then Run.

In the Run box type in cmd and click OK.

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Then at the prompt type in ipconfig and hit Enter. This will show the IP address for the network adapter you changed.

If you have a small office or home network, assigning each computer a specific IP address makes it a lot easier to manage and troubleshoot network connection problems.

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TIPS

IP Address is unique to every device. No IP Address is the same with the other computer or device.Subnet mask is automatically generated after you enter IP Address.Default Gateway is the IP Address of the Router. IP Address of the router can be identified on the settings of the device.

Networking: Sharing Files


How to use the Simple File Sharing feature to share files in Windows XP

On a Windows XP-based computer, you can share files among both local and remote users. Local users log on to your computer directly through their own accounts or through a Guest account. Remote users connect to your computer over the network and access the files that are shared on your computer.

You can access the Simple File Sharing UI by viewing a folder's properties. Through the Simple File Sharing UI, you can configure both share and NTFS file system permissions at the folder level. These permissions apply to the folder, all the files in that folder, subfolders, and all the files in the subfolders. Files and folders that are created in or copied to a folder inherit the permissions that are defined for their parent folder. This article describes how to configure access to your files, depending on permission levels. Some information that this article contains about these permission levels is not documented in the operating system files or in the Help file.

With file sharing in Windows XP, you can configure five levels of permissions. You can configure Levels 1, 2, 4, and 5 by using the Simple File Sharing UI. To do this, right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and

Security to open the Simple File Sharing UI. To configure Level 3, copy a file or a folder into the "Shared Documents" folder under "My Computer." This configuration does not change when you turn on or turn off Simple File Sharing. Level 1 is the most private and secure setting, while Level 5 is the most public and the most changeable (nonsecure) setting.

Turning on and turning off Simple File Sharing

Note: Windows XP Home Edition-based computers always have Simple File Sharing enabled.

By default, the Simple File Sharing UI is turned on in Windows XP Professional-based computers that are joined to a workgroup. Windows XP Professional-based computers that are joined to a domain use only the classic file sharing and security interface. When you use the Simple File Sharing UI (that is located in the folder's properties), both share and file permissions are configured.

If you turn off Simple File Sharing, you have more control over the permissions to individual users. However, you must have advanced knowledge of NTFS and share permissions to help keep your folders and files more secure. If you turn off Simple File Sharing, the Shared Documents feature is not turned off.

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To turn Simple File Sharing on or off in Windows XP Professional, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click My Computer on the desktop.

2. On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.

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3. Click the View tab, and then select the Use Simple File Sharing (Recommended) check box to turn on Simple File Sharing. (Clear this check box to turn off this feature.)

Managing levels of access to shares and to files

You can use Simple File Sharing to configure five levels of access to shares and files:

Level 1: My Documents (Private) Level 2: My Documents (Default) Level 3: Files in shared documents available to local users Level 4: Shared Files on the Network (Readable by Everyone) Level 5: Shared Files on the Network (Readable and Writable by Everyone)

Notes

By default, files that are stored in "My Documents" are at Level 2. Levels 1, 2, and 3 folders are available only to a user who is logging on locally. Users who log on locally

include a user who logs on to a Windows XP Professional-based computer from a Remote Desktop (RDP) session.

Levels 4 and 5 folders are available to users who log on locally and remote users from the network.The following table describes the permissions:

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Access Level Everyone (NTFS/File) Owner System Administrators Everyone (Share)

Level 1 Not available Full Control Full Control Not available Not available

Level 2 Not available Full Control Full Control Full Control Not available

Level 3 Read Full Control Full Control Full Control Not available

Level 4 Read Full Control Full Control Full Control Read

Level 5 Change Full Control Full Control Full Control Full Control

Level 1: My Documents (Private)

The owner of the file or folder has read and write permission to the file or folder. Nobody else may read or write to the folder or the files in it. All subfolders that are contained in a folder that is marked as private remain private unless you change the parent folder permissions.

If you are a Computer Administrator and create a user password for your account by using the User Accounts Control Panel tool, you are prompted to make your files and folder private.

Note The option to make a folder private (Level 1) is available only to a user account in its own My Documents folder.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 1, follow these steps:1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

2. Select the Make this Folder Private check box, and then click OK.

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Local NTFS Permissions: Owner: Full Control System: Full Control

Network Share Permissions: Not Shared

Level 2 (Default): My Documents (Default)

The owner of the file or folder and local Computer Administrators have read and write permission to the file or folder. Nobody else may read or write to the folder or the files in it. This is the default setting for all the folders and files in each user's My Documents folder.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 2, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

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2. Make sure that both the Make this Folder Private and the Share this folder on the network check boxes are cleared, and then click OK.

Local NTFS Permissions:

Owner: Full Control Administrators: Full Control System: Full Control

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Network Share Permissions:

Not Shared

Level 3: Files in shared documents available to local users

Files are shared with users who log on to the computer locally. Local Computer Administrators can read, write, and delete the files in the Shared Documents folder. Restricted Users can only read the files in the Shared Documents folder. In Windows XP Professional, Power Users may also read, write, or delete any files in the Shared Documents Folder. The Power Users group is available only in Windows XP Professional. Remote users cannot access folders or files at Level 3. To allow remote users to access files, you must share them out on the network (Level 4 or 5).

To configure a file or a folder and all the files in it to Level 3, start Microsoft Windows Explorer, and then copy or move the file or folder to the Shared Documents folder under My Computer.


Owner: Full Control Administrators: Full Control Power Users: Change Restricted Users: Read System: Full Control

Network Share Permissions:

Not Shared

Level 4: Shared on the Network (Read-Only)

Files are shared for everyone to read on the network. All local users, including the Guest account, can read the files. But they cannot modify the contents. Any user can read and change your files.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 4, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

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2. Click to select the Share this folder on the network check box, click to clear the Allow network users to change my files check box, and then click OK.


Owner: Full Control Administrators: Full Control System: Full Control

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Everyone: ReadNetwork Share Permissions:

Everyone: Read

Level 5: Shared on the network (Read and Write)

This level is the most available and least secure access level. Any user (local or remote) can read, write, change, or delete a file in a folder shared at this access level. We recommend that this level be used only for a closed network that has a firewall configured. All local users including the Guest account can also read and modify the files.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 5, follow these steps:1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

2. Click to select the Share this folder on the network check box, click to select the Allow network users to change my files check box, and then click OK.

Local NTFS Permissions: Owner: Full Control

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Administrators: Full Control System: Full Control Everyone: Change

Network Share Permissions: Everyone: Full Control

Note All NTFS permissions that refer to Everyone include the Guest account.

All the levels that this article describes are mutually exclusive. Private folders (Level 1) cannot be shared unless they are no longer private. Shared folders (Level 4 and 5) cannot be made private until they are unshared.

If you create a folder in the Shared Documents folder (Level 3), share it on the network, and then allow network users to change your files (Level 5), the permissions for Level 5 are effective for the folder, the files in that folder, and the subfolders. The other files and folders in the Shared Documents folder remain configured at Level 3.

Note The only exception is if you have a folder (SampleSubFolder) that is shared at Level 4 inside a folder (SampleFolder) that is shared at Level 5. Remote users have the correct access level to each shared folder. Locally logged-on users have writable (Level 5) permissions to the parent (SampleFolder) and child (SampleSubFolder) folders.

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NOTES:

Both computers (PC1/PC2) must have the same workgroup but with different Computer Name and IP Address. Enable File Sharing on both computers.Both Computers must be connected with the same connection. (may be connected with the same router or Peer to Peer connection(P2P)).Create a folder to be shared over the network and allow access to it.

Networking: Sharing Printer


How To Share a Printer with Windows XP

Even if your printer does not have built-in sharing or wireless capability, you can still enable it to be accessed from other devices on your local network. Follow these instructions to share printers connected to a Windows XP computer. These steps assume your computer is running the latest operating system Service Pack.

Here's How:

1. On the computer that is wired to the printer (called the host computer), open Windows Control Panel (from the Start menu).

2. Open (double click) the Printers and Faxes icon from within the Control Panel window. If using the Category View for Control Panel, first navigate to the Printers and Other Hardware category to find this icon. In Classic View, simply scroll down the list of icons in alphabetical order to find the Printers and Faxes icon.

3. In the list of printers and faxes within the Control Panel window, select (single click) the icon for a printer you wish to share.

4. From the Printer Tasks pane (left hand side of the Control Panel window), click Share this printer. Alternatively, you can right-click on the selected printer icon to open a pop-up menu and choose the Sharing... option from this menu. In both cases, a new Printer Properties window appears.

However, if at this stage you receive an error message starting with Printer Properties cannot be displayed, this indicates the printer is not currently connected to the computer. You must physically connect the computer and printer to complete this step.

5. In the Printer Properties window, click on the Sharing tab and select the Share this printerradio button. In the Share name field, enter a descriptive name for the printer: This is the identifier that will be shown to other devices on the local network when they make connections. Click OK or Apply to complete this step.

At this stage, the printer will now be accessible to other devices on the local network. Close the Control Panel window when finished.

6. To test sharing is configured properly for this printer, attempt to access it from a different computer on the local network. From another Windows computer, for example, you can navigate to the Printers and Faxes section of Control Panel and click the Add a printertask. The share name chosen above identifies this printer on the local network.

Tips:

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Networking: Sharing Printer


1. Ensure Windows File and Printer Sharing services are enabled on the computer before beginning this procedure.

2. For other devices to access the shared printer, the host computer must be powered on and connected to the local network.

What You Need

Local printer installed on a Windows XP host computer

Host computer connected to a local network

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Back up & Restore

Files

Back Up and Restore Files


How to Back Up Files and Folders

Note You must have permissions as an administrator or as a backup operator on your computer to back up files and folders. Also, backup operators and administrators can back up and restore encrypted files and folders without decrypting the files or folders.

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools,and then click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.

2. Click Advanced Mode.

3. Click the Backup tab.

4. On the Job menu, click New.

5. Click to select the check boxes for the drives that you want to back up. If you want to be more specific in your selections, expand the drive that you want, and then click to select the check boxes for the files or folders that you want.

6. Click to select the System State check box.

Note If you want to back up your system settings and your data files, back up all the data on your computer plus the System State data. The SystemState data includes such things as the registry, the COM+ class registration database, files under Windows File Protection, and boot files.

7. In the Backup destination list, click the backup destination that you want to use.

8. If you clicked File in the previous step, type the full path and file name that you want in the Backup media or file name box. You can also specify a network share as a destination for the backup file.

9. Click Start Backup. The Backup Job Information dialog box appears.

10. Under If the media already contains backups, use one of the following steps:

If you want to append this backup to previous backups, click Append this backup to the media.

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If you want to overwrite previous backups with this backup, click Replace the data on the media with this backup.

11. Click Advanced.

12. Select the Verify data after backup check box.

13. In the Backup Type box, click the type of backup that you want. When you click a backup type, a description of that backup type appears under "Description."

14. Click OK, and then click Start Backup. A Backup Progress dialog box appears, and the backup starts.

15. When the backup is complete, click Close.

How to Restore Files and Folders

Note You must have permissions as an administrator or a backup operator on your computer to restore files and folders. Also, backup operators and administrators can back up and restore encrypted files and folders without decrypting the files or folders.

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.

2. Click Advanced Mode.

3. Click the Restore and Manage Media tab.

4. Use one of the following steps:

If you want to restore from a backup file, expand File, and then expand the backup file that you want. For example, expand Backup.bkfcreated 01/01/2002 at 1:15 PM. By default, backup includes the date and time of the backup as part of the file name.

If you want to restore from a tape backup, expand the tape device that you want (for example, Travan), and then expand the media name that you want. For example, expand Media created 01/01/2002 1:15 PM.

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5. Click to select the check boxes for the folders that you want to restore. If you want to be more specific in your selections, double-click the folder that you want, and then click to select the check boxes for the files or folders that you want to restore.

6. If you are restoring the whole operating system, click to select the System State check box.

Note If you want to restore the operating system and your data files, you must restore the System State data. The System State data includes such things as the registry, the COM+ class registration database, files under Windows File Protection, and boot files.

IMPORTANT Make sure your current Windows installation has the same service pack level as your operating system backup before you restore a full backup. For example, if you restore a full backup that includes Service Pack 1 (SP1), make sure SP1 is installed for your current Windows installation.

7. In the Restore files to box, use one of the following steps: Click Original location if you want to restore the files to the location where

you backed them up. Use this selection when you restore the whole computer.

Click Alternate location if you want to restore a file or files to another location on the hard disk. Type the location that you want in theAlternate location box. Use this selection to prevent the restore operation from overwriting existing files on your computer.

Click Single folder if you want to restore a file or files to a single folder on the hard disk. Type the location that you want in the Alternate location box. Use this selection to separate the restored files or folders from the rest of the files on the hard disk.

8. On the Tools menu, click Options.9. Click the method that you want Backup to use when it restores a file that is already on the

computer, and then click OK. Backup uses this selection to determine whether to overwrite

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an existing file only when it restores a file in a folder that contains the existing file.

Note If you are restoring the operating system, click Always replace the file on my computer.

10. Click Start Restore.11. If you receive the following message, click OK if you want to restore

the System State information with the selected backup:

WarningRestoring System State will always overwrite current System State unless restoring to an alternative location.

12. In the Confirm Restore prompt that appears, click OK. A Restore Progress dialog box appears, and the restore operation starts.

13. When the restore process is complete, click Close. If you are prompted to restart the computer, click Yes.

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computer hardware servicing nc ii instructional manual

Documents

pc assembly

partitioning hard disk

occupational health

pc disassembly

assembly preparation

device driver installations

summary of questions

ethernet cable pin outs