computer hardware introduction
TRANSCRIPT
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By
S.R. Seenivasan, MCA., (Ph.D)
Microsoft Certifed, RedHat Linux Certified, Ethical Hacking Certified
Seminar on Computer Hardware
Date: 26.09.2016
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• The Three Stages of Computing
• Components of a Computer
• Support Hardware
Overview
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The Three Stages of
Computing
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Input Devices
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Processing
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Output Devices
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Input / Output
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Support Hardware
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• Generation in computer terminology is a change in
technology a computer is/was being used.
• Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between
varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation
includes both hardware and software, which together make up
an entire computer system.
• There are totally five computer generations known till date.
Computer Generation
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First Generation The period of first generation: 1946-1959.
Vacuum tube based.
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Second Generation The period of second
generation: 1959-1965.
Transistor based.
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Third Generation
The period of third generation was 1965-
1971. The computers of third generation
used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of
transistors.
A single IC has many transistors, resistors
and capacitors along with the associated
circuitry.
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• 1971-1980.
• Used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI)
circuits. 5000 transistors and other circuit
elements and their associated circuits on a single
chip
• Real time, networks, distributed operating system
were used. All the high-level languages like C,
C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Fourth Generation
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Fifth Generation 1980-till date.
The VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large
Scale Integration) technology
AI method of making computers think like human
beings.
AI includes:
Robotics, Neural Networks, Game Playing,
Expert systems to make decisions in real life
situations.
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Computer Parts
There are many parts that work
together to make a computer
work.
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Hardware
Physical parts of the computer,
including processor and
memory chips, input/output
devices, tapes, disks, modems,
cable, etc.
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CPU
The Central Processing Unit
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Processor
The CPU – The chip or chips
that interpret and execute
program instructions and
manage the functions of input,
output, and storage devices.
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Computer Case
Contains the major
components of the computer.
It helps protect them.
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Front of the Computer
Case
Built in Handle
Floppy Bay
Power Switch
DVD Bay
Front USB Ports
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Rear Panel of the
Computer Case
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Inside the Computer Case
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Monitor
A display screen to provide
“output” to the user. It is
where you view the
information your are working
on.
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Video Card
Connects the computer to the
monitor. It is a circuit board
attached to the motherboard
that contains the memory and
other circuitry necessary to
send information to the
monitor for display on screen.
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Keyboard
Used to enter information into
the computer and for giving
commands.
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Mouse
An input device operated by
rolling its ball across a flat
surface. The mouse is used to
control the on-screen pointer
by pointing and clicking,
double-clicking, or dragging
objects on the screen.
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Touchpad
A pressure-sensitive and
motion sensitive device used
in place of a mouse.
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CD Rom Drive
The drive that plays CDs and
reads data that has been stored
on the CD.
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CD
Compact Disk – A type of
optical storage device.
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Floppy Disk Drive
A device that holds a
removable floppy disk when
in use; read/write heads read
and write data to the diskette.
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Hard Disk
Magnetic storage device in the
computer.
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RAM
Random Access Memory
RAM is a computer’s temporary
memory, which exists as chips on the
motherboard near the CPU. It stores
data or programs while they are being
used and requires power.
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Printer
An output device that
produces a hard copy on
paper. It gives information to
the user in printed form.
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Barcode Reader
An input device that converts a pattern of printed bars into a number that a computer can read. They are often used by businesses to quickly input price and product information.
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Scanner
A device that allows pictures
to be placed into a computer.
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Microphone
Allows the user to record
sounds as input to their
computer.
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Speakers
Used to generate or reproduce
voice, music, and other
sounds.
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Sound Card
Connects the speakers and
microphone to the computer.
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Modem
The place where the computer
is connected to the phone line.
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Network Card
A circuit board that connects
the computer to the rest of the
network usually using special
cables.
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Software
Programs that tell the
computer what to do. It
provides instructions that the
CPU will need to carry out.
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THANK YOU