computer hardware
TRANSCRIPT
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STID1103 Computer Applications in Management
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 14
Topic FourComputer Hardware
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Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various styles of system units on
desktop computers, notebook computers, and
mobile devices
Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of a
motherboard
Describe the control unit and arithmetic logic unit
components of a processor, and explain the four steps
in a machine cycle
Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today, and describe the
ways processors are cooled
Define a bit and describe how a series of bits
represents data
Explain how program instructions transfer in and
out of memory
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
See Page 209 for Detailed Objectives
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Objectives Overview
Differentiate among the various types of memory
Describe the purpose and types of expansion slots and adapter cards, and differentiate among
slots for various removable flash memory devices
Differentiate between a port and a connector, and explain the
differences among a USB port, FireWire port, Bluetooth port,
SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port, serial port, and MIDI port
Describe the types of buses in a computer
Explain the purpose of a power supply and describe how it keeps
cool
Understand how to clean a system unit on a computer or
mobile device
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
See Page 209 for Detailed Objectives
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The System Unit X
• Unit sistem adalah satu kes yang yang mengandungi komponen elektronik komputer yang digunakan untuk memproses data.
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 210 Figure 4-1
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The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 211 Figure 4-2
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
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The System Unit X
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit– A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 212 Figure 4-3
Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
7Page 213
Multi-core processor
Dual-core processor
Quad-core processor
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Processor
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 213 Figure 4-4
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Processor X
• The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 214
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Processor X
The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions
The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 216
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Processor
• The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD
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AMD Processor
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Page 216
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Intel Processor
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 216
AMD Versus Intel
Intel Clean Room
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Processor
• Determine how you plan to use a new computer before selecting a processor
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 218 Figure 4-8
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
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Processor
• A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up
• Require additional cooling– Heat sinks– Liquid cooling
technology
Pages 219 - 220 Figures 4-9 – 4-10
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Processor
• Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task– Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
processors
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 220 Figure 4-11
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Memory X
• Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
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The operating system and other system software
Application programs
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Memory
• Each location in memory has an address• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 223 Figure 4-17
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Memory X
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Pages 223 - 224
Volatile memory
Loses its contents when power is turned off
Example includes RAM
Nonvolatile memory
Does not lose contents when power is removed
Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
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Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 225 Figure 4-20
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Memory
• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 226 Figure 4-21
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Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
• Firmware
A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
• EEPROM can be erased
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Memory X
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Pages 228 – 229Figure 4-23
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Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory– Measured in nanoseconds
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 229 Figures 4-24 – 4-25
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Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port
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Ports and Connectors
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 232 Figure 4-29
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Ports and Connectors
• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the back, front, and/or sides
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Pages 232 - 233 Figure 4-30
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Ports and Connectors
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 233 Figure 4-31
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Ports and Connectors
• A USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 234 Figure 4-32
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click USB Portsbelow Chapter 4
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Ports and Connectors
• Other types of ports include:
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Pages 234 - 236
Firewire port
Bluetooth port
SCSI port eSATA port
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
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Ports and Connectors
A Bluetooth wireless port adapter converts a USB port into a Bluetooth port
A smart phone might communicate with a notebook computer using an IrDA port
Page 235 Figures 4-33 – 4-34
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Buses
• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses• Common types of expansion buses include:
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Page 238
PCI bus PCI Express bus
Accelerated Graphics Port
USB and FireWire bus
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
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Bays
• A bay is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Page 238 Figure 4-37
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Putting It All Together
HomeIntel Core 2 Quad or Intel Core 2 Duo or
AMD Sempron
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Small Office/Home Office
Intel Core i7 or Intel Core i7 Extreme or AMD Athlon X2 or
AMD Athlon II X2 Dual-Code
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
MobileIntel Core i7 Extreme
or AMD Turion X2
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 239 Figure 4-38
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Putting It All Together
PowerIntel Itanium 2 or
AMD 6-Core Opteron or Intel Quad Core
XeonMinimum RAM: 8 GB
EnterpriseIntel Core i7 or Intel Core i7 Extreme or AMD Athlon X2 or AMD Athlon II X2
Dual-Core
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Page 239 Figure 4-38
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The Input Devices
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What Is Input?
p. 234 and 236 Fig. 5-1 Next
Input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions
Data or instructions entered into memory of computer
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What Is Input?
• What are the two types of input?
p. 234 Next
Unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio, and video
Instructions Programs Commands User responses
Data
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Biometric Input
• What is biometrics?
p. 262 Fig. 5-42 and 5-43
Next
Authenticates person’s identity by verifying personal characteristic
Fingerprint scanner captures curves and indentations of fingerprint
Hand geometry system measures shape and size of person’s hand
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Biometric Input• What are examples of biometric technology?
p. 263 – 264 Figs. 5-44—5-45 Next
Voice verification system compares live speech with stored voice pattern
Signature verification system recognizes shape of signature
Iris recognition system reads patterns in blood vessels in back of eye
Biometric data is sometimes stored on smart card, which stores personal data on microprocessor embedded in card
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The Output Devices
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What is Output?
p. 300 - 301 Fig. 6-1 Next
Data that has been processed into a useful form, Output device is any hardware component that can convey
information to user
Future Technology – Microsoft 2019
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Additional Resources
1. Hardware Central: http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/
2. Multiprocessing:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing
3. PC Mechanic: http://ww.pcmech.com/