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What is it all about?What is it all about?

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What is ComputerWhat is Computer

EthicsEthicsEthics, in the classical sense, refers tothe rules and standards governing theconduct of an individual with others.

As technology and computers becamemore and more a part of our everydaylives, and since the introduction of theWorld Wide Web, the definition ofethics has evolved, too. A new type ofethics known as computer ethics hasemerged. Computer ethics is concernedwith standards of conduct as they

pertain to computers. It deals with how

computing professionals should makedecisions regarding professional andsocial conduct.

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Ethical or UnethicalEthical or Unethicalasically Computer ethics are !ust

knowing the difference betweenethical and unethical. "or e#ample,

while it is easy to duplicatecopyrighted electronic $or digital%content, computer ethics wouldsuggest that it is wrong to do so

without the author&s approval.And while it may be possible toaccess someone&s personalinformation on a computer system,

computer ethics would advise thatsuch an action is unethical.

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'alking about Computer'alking about ComputerEthicsEthics

'here are three ma!or areaswhich come under the umbrellaof computer ethics(

Copyright and intellectual property )eti*uette

+ay to day Ethics

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Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property

-ou have certainly heard the word property before( it is generallyused to mean a possession, ormore specifically, something towhich the owner has legal rights.

-ou might have also encountered

the phrase intellectual property.'his term has become morecommonplace during the past fewyears, especially in the conte#t of

computer ethics. ut what e#actlydoes it refer to?

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Intellectual propertyIntellectual property

Intellectual property refers tocreations of the intellect $hence, thename%( inventions, literary andartistic works, symbols, names,images, and designs used incommerce are a part of it.Intellectual property is usually

divided into two branches, namelyindustrial property which broadlyspeaking protects inventions andcopyright , which protects literary

and artistic works.

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Categori ing the IntellectualCategori ing the Intellectual property property

Intellectual property is divided into twocategories(

Industrial property , which includesinventions $patents%, trademarks,industrial designs, commercial names,designations and geographic indications$location specific brands% etc.Copyright , which includes literary andartistic works such as novels, poems and

plays, films, musical works, artisticworks such as drawings, paintings,

photographs, sculptures, andarchitectural designs.

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What can you do withWhat can you do withCopyrightCopyright

In most European languages other thanEnglish, copyright is known as author/sright.

'he World Intellectual 0roperty1rgani ation $WI01%, has establishedsimilar guidelines in its Copyright 2aw, fore#ample. It is also generally agreed that theowner of the copyright $and only theowner3% is authori ed to do the followingwith the work( reproduce it prepare derivative works based upon it distribute copies of it to the public

perform the work publicly (if applicable) display the work publicly.

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What it protects andWhat it protects and

what notwhat notIn summary, copyright laws protectintellectual property which includesliterary and artistic works such as

novels, poems and plays, films, musicalworks, artistic works such as drawings,

paintings, photographs and sculptures,and architectural designs.

ut unlike protection of inventions,copyright law protects only the form ofe#pressions of ideas, not the ideasthemselves.

4emember that a created work isconsidered protected as soon as it e#ists,and a public register of copyright

protected work is not necessary.

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Copyright on InternetCopyright on Internetut what of works made available to the

public on the Internet? Are they at all protected by copyright? 1nce again, yes3"or works made available over acommunications network $such as theInternet%, the copyright protects originalauthorship.

ut, according to the Copyright 2aw, itdoes not protect ideas, procedures,systems, or methods of operation. 'hismeans that once such an online work has

been made public, nothing in thecopyright laws prevents others from

developing another work based on similar principles, or ideas.

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NetiquettesNetiquettes

)eti*uette are about the the

various risks related to using theInternet.It is about proper ways in which

to use a network and todetermine whether informationis reliable, while emphasi ingfour important points given inne#t slides.

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5.5. 4eal people e#ist behind4eal people e#ist behindthe computersthe computers

-ou are dealing with people, notmachines. 6o think twice before youclick on 6end button in the mail7chatwindow-ou are not the only one using thenetwork 8eep these other people in mind whenyou say something on a network.

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9. 0rotect your privacy9. 0rotect your privacy

:ust as you would in the real world, beaware of risks, fraud and falseinformation which e#ists on the Internet.;se common sense when deciding

whether information is valid. +on&t trustor spread further any information aboutwhich you are in doubt. Always try toobtain reliable information.0rotect your personal information tokeep someone from using it in anunethical way. $"or e#ample, when youenter a pri e contest, your name, address,and phone number may be given to adealer of personal information.%

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=. >elp make the network=. >elp make the network better better

!he e"istence of the information

society is based on give andtake. #aking a contribution is anessential part of being a goodnet ork user. $or e"ample, if you

make a re%uest and find theinformation you receive helpful,

rite a summary and report hatyou learned , publish it on the &et

or give links to others.

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Day-to-day ethicsDay-to-day ethics

In ne#t few slides, the ethics related

to day to day use of computers arementioned. All of us must beknowing these already, because theseare !ust modified forms of ethics

told to us by our grand parents7parents, like don/t openletters of others, don/t copy thehome work from others, don/t listen

to any conversation secretly etc.

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6oftware 0iracy6oftware 0iracy

6oftware piracy is morally bad whensomeone reproduces a copy of thesoftware and sells it for profit,

produces e#actly the same or similarversion without giving proper credit tothe original author, or simply producesit and distributes it to others.It is not immoral to copy the softwareif someone who has a licensed copy ofthe software and simply makes a

backup copy of the original. 1ne back up copy of the commercial

software can be made, but the back upcopy cannot be used e#cept when theoriginal package fails or is destroyed.

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Creation ofCreation ofworms7computer virusesworms7computer virusesCreation of worms and computer viruses ismorally bad when it is intended formalicious purposes like to steal information

or destroying of data.>owever, it could be used like a vaccine

poison to kill another poison to cure or prevent a potentially destructive systemfrom wreaking havoc in the network. 'heway some worms and viruses work could

be used to gather information that couldhelp protect the ma!ority of computer users.

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0lagiarism0lagiarism

0lagiarism is is copying someone

else&s work and then passing it off asone&s own. It is morally bad because itis an act of stealing.Copying programs written by other

programmers and claiming it as yourown could be an act of plagiarism. Itinvolves lying, cheating, theft, anddishonesty.

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>acking>acking

'acking means illegallyaccessing other people(scomputer systems for destroying,disrupting or carrying out illegalactivities on the net ork orcomputer systems.'acking is morally bad if it is

intended to steal privateinformation or destroy acomputer system.'acking to simply test thesecurity of a computer systemand find ays to strengthen it isnot bad.

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"ile 0rivacy"ile 0rivacyAny computer document producedeither by an individual in his privatehome or in his office should remain

private. )o one has should open anydocument unless authori ed by theindividual who created the filehimself.