computer dit notes 2016 (created by= muhammad ehtisham …€¦ · computer dit notes 2016 (created...

1 | P a g e ( f b . c o m / e h t i s h a m a n j u m 9 4 )

COMPUTER DIT NOTES 2016 (Created by= Muhammad Ehtisham Anjum)



Computer DIT 2016

Meaning of word “Computer”: Computer Latin word to calculate (حساب کرنا)

Components of Computer:

There are two components.

(1) Hardware (2) Software

(1)Hardware: Those parts of computer which have physically shape.

Ex: Mouse, Keyboard, USB, CD, DVD, SD Card, Monitor, Printer, Mic, RAM etc.

(2)Software: Those parts of computer which have no physically shape.

Ex: Videos, Games, Pictures, Notes, Typing Master, Photoshop, in page, Players (KM, VLC, Gom), Widows (XP, 7, 8, 10, vista), etc.

Definition of Computer:

I. Accept Input Data II. Process on Input Data

III. Given Result of our Input Data

Definition: Computer is an electronic machine which can work the given instruction, calculate the specific data, process on it and make a result of our data.

Desktop: A complete Screen is called desktop on which icons, taskbar, wallpapers are present.



Q: What is Icon’s?

Ans: The shortcut way of opening specific program.

Mouse:

Types of Mouse: There are three types.

I. Laser Mouse

II. Mechanical Mouse (Ball)

III. Bluetooth Mouse

Ctrl + Scrolling = resize your icon’s

PERSONALIZATION:

Themes: Themes is used to change your computer desktop wallpapers, windows &

taskbar color, your computer sound & screen saver.

Windows Color: windows color is used to change the color of your window border,

start menu & taskbar.

Window Sound: From here we can change computer different commands & function

sound.

Ex:

i. Change sound of device connected.

ii. Given sound to print complete.

Screen Saver: Screen Saver is used to lock your PC (Personal Computer) when we

leave the computer after some specific time.

Task Manager:

Task Manager is used to close or end any hang program.

(Ctrl + Alt + Delete)



CONTROL PANEL:

Control panel is a place in window from where we can control all components of

computer.

How we access control panel:

I. Go to desktop & click on control panel icon.

II. Type in Run window “control panel” and press Enter.

RUN: Run window is used to open any program through a specific command. (win + R)

I. Type control to open control panel.



II. Type excel to open MS-Excel.

III. Type WinWord to open MS-word.

Window key + R = Run window

BITLOCKER DRIVE ENCRYPTION:

Bit locker drive encryption is used to protect your drives (c: drive, d: drive) USB or

Memory Card.

Bit locker protect your drive with help of two types of password.

I. The password which is given by user.

II. The password which is given by computer.

NOTE: User password must be 8 characters.

FOLDER:

Folder is a box which is used to keep your data collectively.

Ctrl + Shift +N = New Folder

(Use for win 7, 8 and 10) (Not for win XP)

PROGRAM and FEATURES:

This option is used in control panel to change or remove any program with its hidden

files.



Partition Hidden Concept:

I. Go to/Write in Run window “gpedit.msc”.

II. Double click on “Administrative Templates”.

III. Click on “Windows Complements”

IV. Then click on “Windows Explorer”.

V. Find this option:

“Hide these specific drives in computer”.

Double click on it and enable.

INCREASE SYSTEM RAM PERFORMANCE:

Right click on computer icon go to its properties click on “Advanced system setting”

Select “Performance setting” Click on Advanced Tab then click on change in

Virtual Memory and write your recommended numbers in custom size.

NOTE: Formula -> System Ram(GB) x 1024 x 1.5 = Number Result

Result number must be written in custom size.

(MICROSOFT NOTEPAD) نوٹ پیڈ مائیکروسافٹ

NOTEPAD: Notepad is a simple text program which is used to create simple text

document is called Notepad.

Ex: Letter, Application, Essay etc.

Main Points about Notepad:

i. Full Name : Notepad

ii. Type of Program : Simple text program

iii. Run : Notepad

iv. Extension : .txt

v. Company Name : Microsoft Corporation



Alt + Tab: Switch from one window to other window.

Win + Tab: Switch from one window to other window. (Only Win 7)

Ctrl + S: Save your work in Computer.

Alt + F + A: Save As, is used to store or save our documents in computer several time.

F5: In notepad we use F5 to insert date & time.

Page Margin: Free space between text & page border is called page margin. In page

margin we cannot write any text.

Header: The top area of page is called Header.

Footer: The bottom area of page is called Footer.

Ctrl + P: Print, is used to when we required to print the documents.

Ctrl + Z: Undo (One step back).

Ctrl + X: Cut (Cut your text).

Ctrl + C: Copy (Copy your text).

Ctrl + V: Paste (Paste your text).

Ctrl + F: Find, is used to search any word in a document.

Ctrl + H: Replace, is used to change your old text with new text.

Ctrl + G: Go to Line Number

Go to is used to go on specific line in document.

Ctrl + A: Select all your text.

F1 : Help



(MICROSOFT PAINT) مائیکروسافٹ پینٹ

MS Paint: MS Paint is a graphical program which is used to create shape, images and edit

pictures is called MS Paint.

Main points:

i. Full Name : Microsoft Paint

ii. Type of Program : Graphical Program

iii. Run : mspaint / pbrush

iv. Extension : .bmp / .png

v. Company Name : Microsoft Corporation

Ctrl + Z (Undo): Undo one step back

Ctrl + y (Redo): Redo one step forward

Ctrl + S (Save): Save your Picture

F12 (Save As): to save your picture on different locations

Ctrl + N (New): Open new blank drawing area

Ctrl + O (open): Open save pictures

Ctrl + F: Show or hide the ribbon.

DISK/DRIVE CLEANUP PRODUCER:

The disk cleanup utility is cleaning up unnecessary files on your machine.

Open my computer right click on any drive click on it properties now click on

“disk clean up”.

Select the unnecessary files and press ok & done.



(Some Important Information about Computer)

Classification of Computer:

Computer are mainly classified by their size, processing speed and cost.

1. Micro-Computer or PCs

2. Mini-Computer

3. Workstations

4. Main Frame-Computer

5. Super Computers

6. Laptop/Notebook Computer

7. Tablet Pcs

8. Pocket PC/PDA

9. Smart-Phones

Note: PC stands for “Personal Computer”. While PDA stands for “Personal Digital

Assistant”.

Micro-Computer or Personal Computer or PC:

Microcomputer introduced in 1970.At a time only one computer user can use/control it & it is used in office, home and education departments.

Mini Computer:

Minicomputer introduced in 1960.At a time about 150 computer user use/control it & it is used in hospitals and trade centers.

Main Frame-Computer:

Main frame computer introduced in 1975. At a time about 500-2000 computer user use/control it & it is used in government departments, banks and trade centers.

Super Computer:

Super computer introduced in 1980.At a time about 2000-4000 computer user use/control it & it is used in very large trade centers and research departments.

Note: Super-Computer are the fastest computer of the world.

Number System: Any system for representing numbers is called number system.

Types of Number System: 1. Binary Number System 2. Octal Number System 3. Decimal Number System 4. Hexadecimal Number System



Binary Number System: A base-2 number system, in which values are expressed as combina-tions of two digits, 0 and 1 is called binary number system. Total Digits/Numbers/Alphabets: 0, 1

Note: Computer use binary number system.

Octal Number System: A base-8 number system, represented by the digit 0 through 7 is called octal number system. Total Digits/Numbers/Alphabets: 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Decimal Number System: A base-10 number system, represented by the digit 0 through 9 is called decimal number system. Total Digits/Numbers/Alphabets: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

Note: We use decimal number system in our daily life……

Hexa-decimal Number System: A base-16 number system, represent by the digit 0 through 9 and the uppercase or lowercase letters A (equivalent to decimal 10) through F (equivalent to decimal 15) is called hexadecimal number system. Total Digits/Number/Alphabets: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

Data Storage Units: Those unit, which are used for representing or measuring the range/capacity of data, stored in storage medium such as CD, DVD, USB, and Hard-Drive are called data storage units.

Note: There are two basic computer data storage units.ie: bit & byte.

Bit: Bit is a basic data storage unit, which is used for measuring or representing the capacity or range of specific data stored on storage medium or device. OR

The smallest unit of memory is called bit. A bit can be “0” or “1”.

Note: Bit is represented by a small letter “b”. The full form of bit is “binary digit”.

Byte: Byte is a storage unit, which is a collection of eight (8) bits…!! A group of two (2) nibbles is called one Byte.

Note: Byte is representing by a Capital letter “B”. The full form of Byte is “binary digit eight”.

Nibble: Nibble is also a storage unit, which is a group of four (4) bits…!! OR The half of one Byte is called One Nibble.

1bit “0” or “1” For more info & stuff…!!

1 Byte 8 bits Muhammad Ehtisham Anjum

1 Byte 2 Nibbles Website: ehtishamanjum.weebly.com

1 Nibble 4 bits Email: [email protected]

1 Nibble ½ Byte Facebook: fb.com/emixingpoint

mailto:[email protected]



(Basic Components of Computer) The basic Components of computer system are only four. That are system box, monitor, keyboard, & mouse….!! With-out basic Components a computer cannot run properly.

System Unit / System Box: A system unit is a case or box, which contain essential hardware components such as motherboard, power supply (Transformer), CD drive, HD drive.

Monitor/Display Screen: A monitor is an output device, which is used for producing/presenting the result of processed data from the computer system in softcopy on the screen.



Keyboard/Button Board: A keyboard is an input device, which is used for entering letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation and other commands into computer system.

Mouse: A mouse is input device, which control the pointer on screen by clicking. Double clicking or dragging object (icons) on the screen.

Installation: A process, in which various files and folders are copied on hard disk is called

Installation.



Partition: A logical process of splitting hard disk into specific portions/drives is called partition.

Motherboard/System board: A motherboard is a part of system unit, which contains CPU,

RAM, bus, cell, slots and many more. OR The main circuit board of a micro-computer, that

contain various components of system unit required.

Power Supply: A power supply is a part of system unit, which control the power/electricity as

the various components of system unit required.

CD Drive/Compact Disk Drive: A CD-Drive is removable storage part of system unit, which

holds spins and read data from a compact disk (CD).

HD-Drive/Hard-Disk: A Hard-Drive is a non-

removable storage part of system unit, which stores

data on a stack of aluminum platters and contains

hard disk platters, a spender on which platters spin,

and read/write head for each platters that enclosed

in a case.

Like our Page:

(Fb.com/emixingpoint)



BUS: The paths among the various components of computer system are called buses.

Tracks: The invisible concentric circles or rings on the surface of disk, where data can be stored

are called tracks.

Sectors: The specific portions/parts of tracks on the surface of the disk are called sectors.

For more info & Stuff…!!

Website: ehtishamanjum.weebly.com

Email: [email protected]

Phone: +923344047039

Facebook: [email protected]

Facebook Page: fb.com/emixingpoint





)WORD PAD( ورڈ پیڈ

WordPad: WordPad is a complex text formatting program, which is used for creating and editing text documents. OR WordPad is a complex text formatting program, which is used for typing letters, applications, notes, reports and other complex text files…!!

Key Points:

1. Full Name: WordPad 2. File Extension: .rtf (Rich Text Format) 3. Run: WordPad 4. Type of Program: Complex-Text editing program 5. User/Purpose: Documentation 6. Designer/Developer: Microsoft Corporation

MICROSOFT OFFICE 2013 مائیکروسافٹ ٓافس

Microsoft-Office 2013: Microsoft Office is a group of related program, which is used commonly in offices for documentations, calculations, databases, presentations, publications and many more. OR

Microsoft is group/series of programs which is used in office for documentations, calculations, databases, presentations and many more.



Microsoft-Office Contains: 1. MS-Word 2013 2. MS-Excel 2013 3. MS-Power Point 2013 4. MS-Publisher 2013 5. MS-Access 2013 6. MS-Outlook 2013 7. MS-One Note 2013

MICROSOFT WORD 2013 مائیکروسافٹ ورڈ

MS-Word 2013: Microsoft word is a word processing program, which is used for creating, editing, viewing, formatting, storing, retrieving and printing documents…!!

Key Points 1. Full Name: Microsoft Word 2013 2. Version: 2013 3. File Extension: .docx (document) 4. Run: Winword (Window-Word) 5. Type of Program: Word processing program 6. Use/Purpose: Documentation (Notes, Books, Letters, Applications) 7. Designer/Developer: Microsoft Corporation

Documents: A collection of two or more than two pages, that contains written materials such as letters, applications, reports, notes, and books are called document.

The page contains texts, images, tables, graphics and many more…!!

Note: The shortcut key for opening New Document is Ctrl+N. The shortcut key from opening New Page is Ctrl+Enter.

MICROSOFT EXCEL 2013 مائیکروسافٹ ایکسل

Microsoft Excel: Microsoft excel is a spreadsheet program, which is used for analyzing numerical data and used for creating a kind of computerized ledgers that accountant use for keeping financial transaction and financial statements is called Microsoft Excel.

Key Points 1. Full Name: Microsoft Excel 2013 2. Version: 2013



3. File Extension: .xlsx (Excel) 4. Run: Excel 5. Type of Program: Spread-Sheet Program 6. Use/Purpose: Calculation/Accounting (Mathematical Activities) 7. Designer/Developer: Microsoft Corporation

Work-Book: A collection of two or more than two worksheets is called Work Book. The worksheet or only sheet contains text, numbers, images, tables, graphics and many more.

Note: The shortcut key for opening New Workbook is Ctrl+N. The shortcut key from opening New Worksheet is Shift+F11.

The Total Number of Rows in One Worksheet is = 1048576 The Total Number of Columns in One Worksheet is = 16384 The Total Number of Cells in One Worksheet is = 17179869184

Worksheet: A collection of Rows & Columns is called worksheet.

Column: The vertical (Up & Down/Down & Up) collection of cells is called Column.

Note: The most top head of each column is called Column Heading. The column heading is denoted by Capital Letters, A B C D E F… Each column has own unique column Heading.

Row: The horizontal (left to right/right to left) collection of cells is called Rows.

Note: The most left head of each Row is called Row Heading. The row heading is denoted by Number,1 2 3 4 5…. Each row has own unique row Heading.

Range: A collection of two or more cells is called ranges. We can assign a specific name to the range, such as rang_no_1 by typing in name box.

Cell: The small boxes or grids in any excel worksheet, in which data is entered called cell. Cells are the intersection of rows and columns. Each cell has own unique Reference. Such as B4, H45, A1 etc.

Remember: The First English letters such as B, H, A represents columns headings, while the numbers, such as 4, 45, 1 represents Row heading.

Formula: In any excel worksheet, when mathematical operators such as (+,-, x, /,>, <, ^) comes after equal sign or among various command in a cell, then this combination is called formula.

For example: 4+2-3, =56*4, = (4+6-2)/3, =8/2, =3^2, =6>2 etc. all are formulas.



Function: In any excel worksheet, when a specific names such as (sum, average, count) comes after equal sign or among various commands in a cell, then this combination is called Function.

For example= sum (b3, b4), =average (h4:h8), =count (f6:g8), =dec2bin (65) etc are Functions.

Note: Every Formula or Function starts with an equal sign “=”.

MS-Power Point 2013 مائیکروسافٹ پاورپوائنٹ

Microsoft Power Point: Microsoft Power Point is a Presentation, which is used for creating and editing a presentation that contain a combination of slides on which text, numbers, graphics(pictures & charts) are designed and used for displaying in a specific order to the audience.

Key Points 1. Full Name: Microsoft Power Point 2013 2. Version: 2013 3. File Extension: .pptx (Power Point) 4. Run: Powerpnt 5. Type of Program: Presentation Program 6. Use/Purpose: Presentations 7. Designer/Developer: Microsoft Corporation

Presentation: A collection of two or more than two slides is called presentation. The Slides contain texts, images, video/audio, tables, graphics and many more.

Note: The shortcut for opening New Presentation is Ctrl+N. Note: The shortcut key from opening New Slide is Ctrl+M.

Microsoft Publisher 2013 ر مائیکروسافٹ پبلیش

Microsoft Publisher: Microsoft Publisher is a publication program, which is used for creating and editing professional publications such as advertisements, menus, certificates, brochures, catalogs, invitation cards, greeting cards, calendars, signs and many other marketing and communication publications.

Key Points 1. Full Name: Microsoft Publisher 2013 2. Version: 2013 3. File Extension: .pub (Publisher)



4. Run: Mspub 5. Type of Program: Publication Program 6. Use/Purpose: Publication (Certificates, Brochures, Signs, Flyers etc.) 7. Designer/Developer: Microsoft Corporation

Publication: A collection of two or more than two Publishing pages is called presentation. The Publishing page contain texts, images, tables, graphics and many more.

Note: The shortcut for opening New Publication is Ctrl+N. The shortcut from opening New Publication Page is Ctrl+Shift+N.

INPAGE URDU 2013 ِان پیج اُردو

Inpage Urdu: Inpage (Urdu) is a program, which is used for typing Urdu language and also for English, Pashto, Kashmiri, Arabic, Farsi and Sindhi language. OR An application software, which is used for creating Urdu, English, Pashto, Farsi, Kashmiri, and Saraiki, Arabic and Sindhi documents easily and graphically is called Inpage Urdu.

Key Points 1. Full Name: Inpage Urdu Professional 2013 2. Version: 2013 3. File Extension: .inp 4. Run: X 5. Type of Program: Graphical Program 6. Use/Purpose: Especially for Urdu typing (Pashto, Sindhi, Farsi, Arabic) 7. Designer/Developer: Un-Known (Pakistan)

Document: A collection of two or more than two pages that contains written materials such as letters, applications, reports, notes and books is called documents. The page contains texts, images, tables, graphics and many more.

Note: The shortcut key for opening New Document is Ctrl+N. The shortcut key from opening New Page is Ctrl+Shift+N.

COREL DRAW GRAPHICS SUITE X6 کورل ڈرا گرافیکس

Corel Draw: Corel Draw is a graphical/vector program, which is used for creating (designing) and editing professional shapes, lines, logos, objects, cards, designs and other drawings.

Key Points



1. Full Name: Corel Draw Graphics Suite X6 2. Version: X6 (16) 3. File Extension: .cdr (Corel Draw) 4. Run: Coreldrw 5. Type of Program: Graphical/Vector Program 6. Use/Purpose: Drawings/Design/Graphics 7. Designer/Developer: Corel Corporation

(INTERNET) ( )انٹرنیٹ

Internet: A worldwide network of millions of commercial, educational, governmental and personal computer is called internet. OR A worldwide network of network is called internet.

(HISTORY OF INTERNET/NETWORK)

The seeds of the internet/network planted in 1969, when the Advanced Research Project. Agency (ARPA) of the U.S/America department of defense began connecting computers at different universities and defense contractors. The resulting network of computers was called ARPANET. The goal of this early project was to create a large computer networks with multiple paths, in the form of telephone lines that could survive a nuclear attack or a natural disaster such as an earthquake or flood.

Note: Today the internet is a global network of interconnected network.

Some Commonly Services Used in Internet:-

1. World Wide Web/ WWW/ W3 2. E-Mail/ Electronic Mail 3. Chat 4. News 5. File Transfer

Web Site/ Web/ Site: A group of two or more than two related hypertext documents or web pages that contains links, text, audios/videos, images is called website.

Note: Now-a-days nearly every educational, Governmental or Semi-Governmental

institutes or organizations, such as schools/college/university, even a computer user has

a website.



Some Common Websites:

1. www.google.com 2. www.youtube.com 3. www.facebook.com 4. www.yahoo.com 5. www.mhiquetta.com

Note: The full form of .com is Commercial. The full form of www is World Wide Web.

E-Mail/ Mail/ Electronic-Mail: Email is a service on the internet that allows an internet user to send and receive mail (message) through a computer network/internet in any part of the world in a near-real time manner. i.e. [email protected]

Note: The mail/message can written, voice or video message.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol/HTTP: A set of file transfer rules/protocol, used on the World Wide Web, which controls and maintains the way information is shared on computer network/internet.

Uniform Resource Locator/ URL: An internet addressing scheme, used by World Wide Web that identify a site/web page uniquely on a network/internet is called uniform resource locator. i.e. http://ehtishamanjum.weebly.com “OR” http://www.youtube.com/edusadiq

Download/Downloading: The retrieving/getting of files remote computer/internet to one own computer in a network is called download/downloading.

Note: The opposite of upload or uploading is called download/downloading.

Upload/Uploading: The moving of files from one own computer to a remote computer/inter-net in a network is called upload or uploading.

Note: The opposite of download or downloading is called upload/uploading.

Web browser/ Browser: Web browser is a program/software that enable the computer user to view web pages, navigate web sites, and move from one web site to another.

Note: At least, one web browser will must install in your PC. Because without browser you cannot use internet or web sites.

Some common Web Browsers:

1. Google Chrome 2. Mozilla Firefox 3. UC Browser

http://www.google.com/

http://www.youtube.com/

http://www.facebook.com/

http://www.yahoo.com/

http://www.mhiquetta.com/




4. Opera Browser 5. Internet Explorer 6. Safari Browser 7. Netscape Browser 8. Flash Peak 9. Pale Moon

)NETWORKING( (نیٹ ور کنگ)

Computer Network/Network: A Group of two or more than two computers/devices, which are connected with each other’s for sharing resource and information’s is called computer network.

Note: The resource can both hardware and software.

NETWORK TYPES: There are three main types of network.

1. Local Area Network_______LAN 2. Metropolitan Area Network_______MAN 3. Wide Area Network_______WAN

On the basis of Security or Policies:

1. Server-Based Network (Workgroup) 2. Non-Server Based Network (Domain)

Method of Connecting Two Computers:

1. Hardware Setting:- When making a Network of two or more than two Computers. A cable is required for this purpose. In computer Networking, A cable called twisted-

pair cable/UTP is used for connecting two or more computers/PCs with each other’s. Both the end of cable must RJ45 connectors. So that, the cable can connects with

computers back-side Network Port. Connect the two computers with the help of above cable/Connectors. The distance between two computers should not greater than 100 meters. The Network-Adopter and Ethernet-Controller driver software must install on your

PC. 2. Software Setting:-

Now go to control panel Network setup wizard Next Next Other Next This computer belongs to a network that does not have internet connection Next Next Next Turn on file and printer sharing Next Next Just finish the wizard… Next Finish Yes.

Note: You must restart your computer. So that, changes take effects. The same setting will must be second computer. The workgroup name will must same in both computers.



Now Right click on My Network Places Properties Right click on Local Area Connection Properties Double-Click on the Internet protocol (TCP/IP) Use the following IP address IP address192.168.10.1 Click on Subnet mask box 255.255.255.0OK.

Note: Repeat the same setting in 2nd computer, But the IP address of 2nd computer will be 192.168.10.2. The subnet mask will remain same. (Now your PC is ready for sharing Resource and Information’s).

Sharing Folder: Just Right-Click on your desire folder, that you want to share Properties Sharing Share this folder on network Apply Ok.

Goto 2nd computer Double-Click on My network places Icon (View workgroup computer).

SOME IMPORTANT SHORTCUT KEYS/ HOT KEYS

SHORTCUT KEYS USE SHORTCUT KEYS USE

Win+R Run Win+C Charms Win+L Switch User’s F3 Search

Print Scrn Sys Rq Screen Shot F1 Help

Ctrl+N New Ctrl+O Open Ctrl+S Save Alt+F+A Save As

Ctrl+P Print Ctrl+F Find/Search Ctrl+H Replace Ctrl+G Go to

Ctrl+B Bold Ctrl+I Italic Ctrl+U Underline Ctrl+F1 Hide/Show Ribbon

Alt+Tab Switch Program Win Start Screen/Menu

F5 Refresh Win+D Refresh

Alt+F4 Close Esc Cancel

Ctrl+Scrolling Refresh Ctrl+Shift+N Make Folder



SHORTCUT KEYS USE SHORTCUT KEYS USE

Win+1,2,3,4 Select Pin Windows Alt+Space+N Minimize

Alt+Space+X Maximize Alt+Space+R Restore Maximize

Win+R-Click on Folder New Options in Send to Shift+Click on Pin Windows Open New Window

Win+Tab Select other windows

Note: Each shortcut keys has own unique function. The function of a shortcut key

changes automatically with changing or opening the different program.

The Full Form of Important Shortcut Keys

S.No Shortcut Full Form

1. Ctrl Control

2. Alt Alternate

3. Esc Escape

4. F1 Function 1

5. Caps Lock Capital Lock

6. Num Lock Number Lock

7. Del Delete

8. Ins Insert

Note: Keyboard is an important input device. There are four parts of Keyboard.

I. Alpha-Numeric Keyboard (A,B,C/1,2,3)

II. Numeric Keypad (1,2,3)

III. Function Keys (F1,F2,F3)

IV. Arrow Keys ()

MOST USABLE ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS

Abbreviation Full Form Abbreviation Full Form MBPS Mega Byte Per Second GBPS Gega Byte Per Second

DSL Digital Subscriber Line DPI Dot Per Inch

PT Point MS Microsoft

IBM International Business Machine HD Hard Disk

HD High Definition IPV4 Internet Protocol Version 4

IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 6 LAN Local Area Network

WAN Wide Area Network MAN Metropolitan Area Network

HAN House Area Network RJ Registered Jack



Abbreviation Full Form Abbreviation Full Form Cat Category IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers

STP Shielded Twisted Pair Cable UTP Un- Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

MAC Media Access Control Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

.COM Commercial EDU Education

.ORG Organization Esc Escape

MP Mega Pixel GHz Gega Hertz

IT Information Technology CD Compact Disc

DVD Digital Video Disc VCR Video Cassette Recorder

RAM Random Access Memory USB Universal Serial Bus

ROM Read only Memory BIOS Basic Input Output System

DOS Disk Operating System NT New Technology

XP Experience APPS Application

CPU Central Processing Unit ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

CU Control Unit FAT File Allocation Table

NTFS New Technology File System PC Personal Computer

ATM Automatic Teller Machine PIN Personal Identification Number

LCD Liquid Crystal Display CRT Cathode Ray Tube

VGA Video Graphic Array/Adopter UPS Un-Interruptible Power Supply

NIC Network Interface card WORM Write Once Read Many

ISP Internet Service Provider SIMM Single in Line Memory Module

DIMM Double in Line Memory Module DDR Double Data Rate

AMD Advanced Micro Device ME Millennium Edition

WWW World Wide Web HTML Hypertext Markup Language

URL Uniform Resource Locator IP Internet Protocol

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group .JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group

.PNG Portable Network Graphic .BMP Bitmap

PIXEL Picture Elements .WMV Window Media Video

.AVI Audio Video Interleaved MP3 Mpeg-3

MP4 Mpeg-4 E-MAIL Electronic Mail

MODEM Modulator/Demodulator MHZ Mega Hertz

TM Trade Mark AUTO Automatic

INFO Information MB Mega Byte

GB Gega Byte MP Mega Pixel

KB Kilo Byte BPS Bit Per Second



Note: The pronounceable abbreviation are called acronyms.

i.e.: RAM, ROM, BIOS, PIN etc.

Most Usable Prefix In Computer Theory

Prefix Symbol Decimal Value Power Scale

Decca Da 10 101 Ten

Hecto H 100 102 Hundred Kilo K 1000 310 Thousand

Mega M 1000000 610 Million

Gega G 1000000000 910 Billion

Tera T 1000000000000 1210 Trillion

Peta P 1000000000000000 1510 Quadrillion Exa E 1000000000000000000 1810 Quintillion

Zeta Z 1000000000000000000000 2110 Sextillion Yota Y 1000000000000000000000000 2410 Septillion

Uni/One - 1 010 Uni/One

Deci d 0.1 1-10 Tenth Centi c 0.01 2-10 Hundredth

Milli m 0.001 3-10 Thousandth Micro µ 0.000001 6-10 Millionth

Nano ń 0.000000001 9-10 Billionth Femto f 0.000000000001 12-10 Trillionth

Pico p 0.000000000000001 15-10 Quadrillionth

Atto a 0.000000000000000001 18-10 Quintillionth Zepto z 0.000000000000000000001 21-10 Sextillionth

Yocto y 0.000000000000000000000001 24-10 Septillionth

Note: The actual value of Kilo is 1024 in computer field.

Note: The Above Prefix’s are also valid in other fields, such as Physics, Math’s, and

Chemistry.

DATA STORAGE UNITS ڈیٹا سٹوریج یونٹس

UNITS FULL FORM VALUE POWER

KB Kilo Byte 1000 Bytes 103 B

MB Mega Byte 1000000 Bytes 106 B



GB Gega Byte 1000000000 Bytes 109 B TB Tera Byte 1000000000000 Bytes 1012 B

Sample Question 1:- The data storage capacity of a hard disk is 80GB. Convert it into MB?

Answer: 80 GB = 80 x G Bytes (As 1Gega= 1G= 109= 1000000000)

= 80 x 1000 x 1000000000 Bytes (As 1Mega= 1M= 106= 1000000)

= 80000 M Bytes

So, the “80 GB” hard disk will be “80000 MB”

Sample Question 2:- The data storage capacity of a USB is 4GB. Convert into MB?

Answer: 4 GB = 4 x G Bytes (As 1Gega= 1G= 109= 1000000000)

= 4 x 1000 x 1000000 Bytes (As 1Mega= 1M= 106=1000000)

= 4000 M Bytes

so, the “4GB” USB will be “4000 MB”.

Sample Question 3:- The data storage capacity of a hard disk is 1TB. Convert it into GB?

Answer: 1TB = 1 x T Bytes (As 1Tera= 1T= 1012=1000000000000)

= 1 x 1000 x 1000000000 Bytes (As 1Gega= 1G= 109= 1000000000)

= 1000 G Bytes

so, the “1TB” hard disk will be of “1000 GB”.

Sample Question 4:- Convert the 240Bytes into bits?

Answer: 240 Bytes = 240 x 8 bits (As 1Byte=1B=8 bits)

= 1920 bits

So, the “240 Bytes” has “1920 bits”.

PICTURES/ VIDEOS/ CAMERAS Quality Units پکچر،ویڈیوز،کیمرا کوالٹی یونٹس

Pixel: One of the dots that make up a graphical image.

The word pixel stands for “Picture Element”.




KP Kilo Pixel 1000 Pixels 103 P

MP Mega Pixel 1000000 Pixels 106 P

Sample Question 1:- A mobile camera is of 2 Mega Pixel (MP). Convert it into Pixel?

Answer: 2MP = 2 x M Pixel

= 2 x 1000000 Pixel (As 1Mega=1M=106=1000000)

= 2000000 Pixels

S, the “2 Mega Pixel” has “80000000000 Pixels”.

Sample Question 2:- The width (in pixel) of a picture/image taken from a digital camera is

1600 pixels, while the height (in pixel) of the pictures is 1200 pixels. The camera is ___ Mega

Pixel/MP?

Answer: Width of image in pixels = 1600 pixels

Height of images in pixels = 1200 pixels

= 1600 pixel x 1200 pixel

= 1920000 pixels

= 1920000/106 pixels

= 1.92 pixels (As 1Mega=1M=106=1000000)

So, the camera is approximately “2 Mega Pixel” or “2 MP”.

TRANSMISSION/COMMUNICATION Units میشن،کمیونیکیشن یونٹس ٹرانس

Bps/Bit per Second: Bps is a data transmission/communication unit, which is the speed at

which a modem or other transmission device transmits data or bits in one second.

Note: The bit is denoted by small “b”.


Kbps Kilo bit per second 1000 bps 103 bps Mbps Mega bit per second 1000000 bps 106 bps

Gbps Gega bit per second 1000000000 109 bps

Sample Question 1:- Convert 540Gbps into bps?

Answer: 540 Gbps = 540 x Gbps



= 540 x 1000000000 bps (As 1Gega=1G=109=1000000000)

= 540000000000 bps

so, the “540 Gbps” has “540000000000 bps”.

Sample Question 2:- Convert 1.0Gbps into Mbps?

Answer: 1.0 Gbps = 1.0 x Gbps

= 1.0 x 1000000000 bps (As 1Gega=1G=109=1000000000)

= 1.0 x 1000 x 1000000 bps (As 1M=1M=106=1000000)

= 1.0 x 1000 x Mbps

= 1000.0 Mbps

so, the “1.0 Gbps” has “1000.0 Mbps”.

CPU or PROCESSOR Speed Units سی پی یو اینڈ پروسیسر سپیڈ یونٹس

Clock Speed: The standard unit for measuring the processor or CPU operating speed, which is

cycles or ticks per second (Cycle per second).

A computer operating speed is based on the number of clock cycles that it generates per

second.

Commonly, the clock speed measured in Mega-Hertz/GHz (millions of cycles per second) or

Gega-Hertz/GHz (Billions of cycles per second).

Note: Hertz is the unit of frequency i.e.: Cycle per second = Hertz. The hertz is denoted

by “Hz”.

The hertz is the name scientist. The computer speed or the processor/CPU speed is measured

in mega-hertz/MHz or in Gega-Hz/GHz.

The full form of CPU is “Central Processing Unit”. CPU is also called Processor, which is the

brain of computer system.

Checking the Computer/CPU Speed سپیڈ چیک کرنا سی پی یو

Method 1:- For checking the speed of your computer, just right click on My

ComputerProperties

Method 2:- Run Type”dxdiag” Ok Yes




KHz Kilo Hertz 1000 Hz 103 Hz

MHz Mega Hertz 1000000 Hz 106 Hz GHz Gega Hertz 1000000000 Hz 109 Hz

Sample Question 1:- The Processor (CPU) speed of a computer is 2.80 GHz. Convert 2.80 GHz

into Hertz (Hz)?

Answer: 2.80 GHz = 2.80 x GHz

= 2.80 x 1000000000 Hz (As 1Gega=1G=109=1000000000)

= 280000000 Hz

so, the “Clock Speed” of the above computer (in Hertz) will “280000000 Hz”.

COMPOSED BY:

M.EHTISHAM ANJUM PH: +923344047039

GMAIL: [email protected]

GMAIL: [email protected]

WEBSITE: ehtishamanjum.weebly.com

FACEBOOK: fb.com/emixingpoint

