computer components. hardware software database systems emerging technologies
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Computer Components
![Page 2: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Computer Components
Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies
![Page 3: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hardware
![Page 4: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hardware
Any machinery that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an information system
When making hardware decisions, businesses must consider how the hardware can support Objectives of the information system Goals of the organization
![Page 5: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Computer Hardware
Processor Memory Secondary storage Input/Output device Networking
![Page 6: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Computer Hardware (Contd.)
Source: Reynolds, 200x, Management Information Systems, 6th Edition, Course Technology
![Page 7: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Moore’s Law
Transistor densities on a single chip double every two years In 2009, the size of transistor is 11 nm.; A single
chip contains 4 billion transistors In 2029, the size of transistor would likely to be 1
nm; A single chip would contain 4,096 transistors
![Page 8: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Year 2029?
![Page 9: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MS Windows System Requirement
3.0 95 98 XP Vista 7Year 1990 1995 1998 2001 2006 2010
CPU 6MHz 16MHz 50MHz 233MHz 1GHz 1GHz
Memory 640KB 4MB 16MB 64MB 1GB 512MB
Storage 6-7MB 35-55MB 120-355MB 1.5GB 15GB 20GB
Video Card CGA, EGA, VGA
VGA, SVGA VGA, SVGA SVGA SVGA SVGA
OS MS Dos 3.1 - - - - -
PC Price N/A $1,926 $1,619 $1,163 $801 $300
Laptop Price
N/A $2,819 $2,395 $1,876 $1,256 $600
![Page 10: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Processor
Also called Central Processing Unit (CPU) An electronic circuit that can execute
computer programs Often measured in:
Megahertz (MHz): millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz): billions of cycles per second
![Page 11: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Memory
Main memory Located physically close to the CPU, but not on
the CPU chip itself Rapidly provides data and instructions to the CPU
Storage Capacity Eight bits together form a byte (B)
![Page 12: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Memory (Contd.)
Random access memory (RAM) Temporary and volatile
Types of RAM Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)
![Page 13: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Memory (Contd.)
Read-only memory (ROM) Nonvolatile Provides permanent storage for data and
instructions that do not change Store Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Cache memory High-speed memory that a processor can access
more rapidly than main memory
![Page 14: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Secondary Storage
Compared with memory, offers the advantages of nonvolatility, greater capacity, and greater economy
On a cost-per-megabyte basis Most forms of secondary storage are considerably
less expensive than primary memory Storage media that allow faster access
Generally more expensive than slower media
![Page 15: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
Magnetic tapes Magnetic disks RAID Virtual tape Optical disks
![Page 16: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
Solid state drive
![Page 17: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) RAID 0 (Striped disks)
Distributing data across several disks to improve speed RAID 1 (Mirror disks)
Mirroring data RAID 10 or RAID 1+0
Strip + Mirror
![Page 18: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RAID (Contd.) RAID 5 (Striped disks with parity)
Combining 3+ disks to protect against the loss of one disk
RAID 6 (Striped disks with dual parity) Combining 4+ disks to protect against the loss of two
disk
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
![Page 19: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
Enterprise storage options Direct-attached storage (DAS) Network-attached storage (NAS) Storage area network (SAN)
![Page 20: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Secondary Storage (Contd.)
NAS SAN
Wires TCP/IP Networks, Ethernet, FDDI, ATM
Fiber channel
Protocols TCP/IP, NFS/CIFS/HTTP Encapsulated SCSI
Compatibility Any machine that can connect to LAN
Server class devices with SCSI
FS Mgmt. FS is managed by NAS head unit FS is managed by servers
Usability Easier to understand and manage Harder to understand and manage (Fiber channel, hardware issues, etc.)
Tape Backup Harder and slower Easier and faster (image backup)
Upper limit Lower Higher
Costs Cheaper (Existing equipments) More expensive (Fiber channel)
![Page 21: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Input Devices
Personal computer input devices Keyboard Mouse
Speech-recognition technology Digital cameras Terminals Scanning devices Optical data readers Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) devices
![Page 22: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Input Devices (Contd.)
Magnetic stripe card Point-of-sale devices Automated teller machine (ATM) devices Pen input devices Touch-sensitive screens Bar-code scanners Radio frequency identification (RFID) Quick Response (QR) Code scanners
![Page 23: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Output Devices
Display monitors Plasma displays Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) Organic light-emitting diodes Printers and plotters Digital audio player
![Page 24: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Quick Assignment #1
![Page 25: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Quick Assignment #1
15 minutes Form two groups of 4-5 people Quote for cost of a laptop (hardware only)
which can run SAP Business ByDesign client efficiently
Strive for the lowest cost!
![Page 26: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SAP System Requirements
Source: http://www.sap.com/solutions/technology/cloud/business-by-design/
implement/requirements.epx
Recommended System CPU: Intel Core 2 Duo (2.4 GHz) Memory: 2 GB
![Page 27: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sample System
Source: http://www.chichang.com
ACER Aspire 4752G-52454G75Mncc CPU: Intel Core i5-2450M (2.50 GHz) Memory: 4GB DDR3 HDD: 750 GB Monitor: 14” Price: 21,900 THB
![Page 28: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Software
![Page 29: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Types of Software
System software Application software
![Page 30: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Types of Software (Contd.)
System software Controls operations of computer hardware Supports application programs’ problem-solving
capabilities Examples
Operating systems Utility programs Middleware
![Page 31: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Types of Software (Contd.)
Application software Interact with systems software Help performing common tasks, such as:
Creating and formatting text documents Performing calculations Managing information
Examples Word processing & spreadsheet Database Email Etc
![Page 32: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems
Set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs
Tasks performed by OS Common computer hardware functions User interface and input/output management Task processing and management System memory and resource management File management Networking
![Page 33: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems (Contd.)
![Page 34: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems (Contd.)
Personal Workgroup Enterprise
Windows 8, Windows Mobile
Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012
Mac OS X, iOS 6 Mac OS X Server
UNIX UNIX UNIX
Solaris Solaris Solaris
Linux, Meego Linux Linux
Chrome OS, Android OS
IBM i7.1/OS and IBM z/OS IBM i7.1/OS and IBM z/OS
HP-UX 11i v3 HP-UX 11i v3
![Page 35: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems: Market Share 2012
Source: http://netmarketshare.com (February 2012)
![Page 36: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems: Market Share 2012: Mobile
Source: International Data Corporation (June 2012)
![Page 37: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
System Software: Operating Systems: Trends: Mobile
Source: 25labs.com (September, 2011)
![Page 38: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
System Software: Utility Programs
Hardware utilities Security Utilities File-compression utilities Spam and pop-up blocker utilities Network and Internet utilities Server and mainframe utilities Other utilities
Manages and protects corporate documents Helps people with visual disabilities use the Internet Monitors employees Searches for files and documents
![Page 39: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
System Software: Middleware
Software that allows different systems to communicate and exchange data
Can also be used as an interface between the Internet and older legacy systems
![Page 40: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Application Software
Mode of application software Proprietary software Off-the-shelf software
![Page 41: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Application Software: Modes
Proprietary software One-of-a-kind program for a specific application,
usually developed and owned by a single company Off-the-shelf software
Generally software, that are ready-made and available for sale, lease, or license to the general public
![Page 42: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Application Software: Types
Types of application software Personal application software Workgroup application software Enterprise application software
![Page 43: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Application Software: Personal
Personal Application Software Word processing Spreadsheet analysis Presentation software Database applications Graphics program Personal information managers Software suites and integrated software packages Other personal application software
![Page 44: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Application Software: Workgroup
Workgroup Application Software Support teamwork, whether people are in the same location or
dispersed around the world Groupware
Software that helps groups of people work together more efficiently and effectively
Example Online chat Instant messaging Telephony Videoconferencing Application sharing
![Page 45: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Application Software: Enterprise
Enterprise Application Software Software that benefits an entire organization Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software
Set of integrated programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
Example SAP R/3 Maximo (MRO) Oracle e-Business Suite QAD Enterprise Applications Visual Enterprise
![Page 46: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Programming Language
Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules for constructing statements By which humans can communicate instructions to be
executed by a computer Program code
Set of instructions that signal the CPU to perform circuit-switching operations
Syntax Set of rules associated with a programming language
![Page 47: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
History of Programming Languages
![Page 48: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Evolution of Programming Languages
Generation Language Development Date
Sample of Statement or Action
First Machine language 1940s 00101001
Second Assembly language 1950s ADDCC %R1, %R2, %R4
Third High-level language 1960s READ GRADE
Fourth Query and database languages
1970s SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE GRADE = F
Beyond Fourth
Natural and intelligent languages
1980s IF score is lower than 80, THEN assign grade F
![Page 49: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Copyrights and Licenses
Most software products are protected by law using copyright or licensing provisions In some cases, you are given unlimited use of
software on one or two computers In other cases, you pay for your usage - if you use
the software more, you pay more Some software now requires that you register
or activate it before it can be fully used or cracked?
![Page 50: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Open-Source Software
Software freely available to anyone in a form that can be easily modified
More reliable and secure than commercial software
Can contain hidden costs, particularly for user support or solving problems with the software
![Page 51: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Open-Source Licenses
GPL (GNU General Public License) LGPL (GNU Lesser General Public License) BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) Jabber W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Others
Apple Public Artistic 2.0 Common Public MIT (X11) MPL
Python QPL Sleepycat Sun Public
![Page 52: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Open-Source Licenses (Contd.)
GPL BSD
Proprietary software linking
Not allowed (since the linked software is considered a whole)
Allowed
Distribution of “the Work”
Not allowed with software whose license is not GNU GPL compatible
Allowed
Redistribution of the code with changes
Only if the derivative is GNU GPL Allowed
Compatible with GNU GPL
Yes Only the modified BSD license is compatible with GPL. The original BSD license is not compatible because it includes a weird advertising clause
![Page 53: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Commercial VS Open-Source
Software Commercial Open-Source
Operating System MS Windows Linux
Application Software MS Office Open Office
Database Oracle MySQL
Internet Browser Internet Explorer Firefox
Photo Editing Adobe Photoshop Gimp
Project Management MS Project Openproj
Personal Accounting Baan Grisbi
E-mail MS Outlook Thunderbird
![Page 54: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Database Systems
![Page 55: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Database Management
Without data and the ability to process it an organization could not successfully complete most business activities
For data to be transformed into useful information, it must first be organized in a meaningful way
![Page 56: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Hierarchy of Data
Bit Circuit that is either on or off
Byte Eight bits = one byte
Character Basic building block of information
Word A combination of characters or bytes
Field Name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect
of a business object or activity
![Page 57: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Hierarchy of Data (Contd.)
Record Collection of related data fields
File Collection of related records
Database Collection of integrated and related files
Hierarchy of data Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases
![Page 58: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Hierarchy of Data (Contd.)
![Page 59: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys (Contd.)
![Page 60: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Manipulating Data
Selecting Eliminates rows according to criteria
Projecting Eliminates columns in a table
Joining Combines two or more tables
Linking Combines two or more tables using common data
attributes
![Page 61: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Database Management Systems (DBMS)
Group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs or a database and the user
Used to manage all kinds of data for all kinds of purposes
![Page 62: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Database Management Systems (Contd.)
![Page 63: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Selecting a Database Management System
Important characteristics of databases: Database size Database cost Concurrent users Performance Integration Vendor
![Page 64: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Comparisons of Popular Databases
MS Access MS SQL Server
Oracle MySQL PostgreSQL
Maintainer Microsoft Microsoft Oracle Corporation Sun Microsystems PostgreSQL Glob. Dev. Grp.
License Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary GPL BSD
OS Windows Windows Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, UNIX
Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, BSD, UNIX, Symbian
Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, BSD, UNIX
Interface GUI & SQL GUI & SQL SQL SQL SQL
Max DB size 2 GB 524,258 TB Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
Max table size 2 GB 524,258 TB 4 GB * block size 2 GB (FAT32) to 16 TB (Solaris)
32 TB
Max columns per row
255 30,000 1,000 4,096 250-1,600 (vary by type)
Union/Intersect/Except
Y/?/? Y/Y/Y Y/Y/Y Y/N/N Y/Y/Y
![Page 65: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Telecommunication and Networking
![Page 66: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Telecommunications in Business
Better business communication e-mail, voice mail, instant messaging, faxing, file transfer,
mobile telephony, and teleconferencing Greater efficiency
Information delivery is immediate and not constrained by geographical distance
Better distribution of data Central storage with both local and remote access
Yet, security in telecommunications is a challenge
![Page 67: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Telecommunications in Daily Use
Cellular phones Videoconferencing Wireless payments and warehousing Peer-to-peer file sharing Web-empowered commerce
![Page 68: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Telecommunications Channel Characteristics
Simplex channel Transmits data in only one direction
Half-duplex channel Transmits data in either direction, but not
simultaneously Full-duplex channel
Permits data transmission in both directions at the same time
![Page 69: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Bandwidth
Bandwidth Speed at which data is communicated Also called transmission rate or bit rate
Bits per second (bps) Unit of measure for bandwidth
Baseband Communications medium that can carry only one
transmission at a time Broadband
Communications medium that can carry multiple transmissions simultaneously
![Page 70: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Bandwidth (Contd.)
![Page 71: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Media
Several types of communications media Tangible media includes:
Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable Optical fiber
Intangible media includes: Microwave radio technologies
![Page 72: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Comparison of Networking Media
Medium Availability Bandwidth Vulnerability to Electromagnetic Interference
Twisted pair High Low to medium High
Radio waves High Medium to high Low (but vulnerable to radio frequency interference)
Microwave Low High Low
Coaxial cable High High Low
Optical fiber Moderate but growing Highest Nonexistent
![Page 73: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Networking
A combination of devices (or nodes) connected through a communication media
Any compatible device that can transmit and receive on a network can be part of a network
![Page 74: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Types of Networks
Computer networks are classified by reach and complexity
Basic types of networks LANs, MANs, and WANs
Other types of networks WLANs
![Page 75: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Types of Networks (Contd.)
LAN WAN
![Page 76: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Networking Hardware
Network interface card (NIC) Connects a device to a hub, switch, bridge, or
router, which connects to a LAN or WAN Switch
A hub that sends communications only to designated devices on the network
Router Routes data packets to the next node on the path
to the final destination
![Page 77: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Networking Software
Network operating system (NOS) Systems software that controls the computer
systems and devices on a network Network management software
Protects software from being copied, modified, or downloaded illegally
Locate errors and potential network problems
![Page 78: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol TCP ensures packets arrive accurately and in
proper order IP ensures efficient delivery of packets from node
to node DNS (Domain Name Service)
Associates a character-based name with an IP address
![Page 79: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
TCP/IP (Contd.)
IP number Unique numerical identification for a network device
Static IP address A permanent address assigned to a device
Dynamic IP address Temporary IP number assigned to a device for the
duration of the connection Provides flexibility when the number of IP addresses is
limited
![Page 80: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
TCP/IP (Contd.)
IPv6 Shorthand notation based on the Hex system Example of an IPv6 address in Hex shorthand
notation: FDDC:AC10:8132:BA32:4F12:1070:DD13:6921
![Page 81: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Wireless Protocols
IEEE 802.11 A family of wireless protocols known as Wi-Fi
(Wireless Fidelity) Supports wireless communication within 100
meters of router 802.11 subtypes support various distances and
speeds up to 248 Mbps
![Page 82: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Wireless Protocols (Contd.)
Protocol Max Range Max Speed Main Use
802.11a 75 m 54 Mbps LAN
802.11b 100 m 11 Mbps LAN
802.11g 100 m 54 Mbps LAN
802.11n 160 m 248 Mbps LAN
802.15 Bluetooth 10 m 1 Mbps PAN
802.16 WiMax 50 km 100 Mbps MAN
802.20 MBWA Global 4 Mbps Mobile voice, data, Internet
![Page 83: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Generations in Mobile Communications
Networking professionals refer to generations of mobile communication technologies First generation (1G: 1980s)
Analog Second generation (2G: 1991)
Used digital voice encoding Third generation (3G: 2001)
Increased speeds that support video, videoconferencing, Internet access
Fourth Generation (4G: 2010) Digital only, with packet switching and tighter security
![Page 84: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Emerging Technologies
![Page 85: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Parallel Computing
Parallel computing Simultaneous execution of the same task on
multiple processors to obtain results faster Massively parallel processing
Systems with thousands of such processors Grid computing
Use of a collection of computers to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem
![Page 86: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Cloud Computing
Uses giant cluster of computers, that serves as a host, to run applications that require high-performance computing
Supports a wider variety of applications than grid computing
Pools computing resources so they can be managed primarily by software rather than people
![Page 87: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Green Computing
The study and practice of using computing resources efficiently
To account for the triple bottom line Triple bottom line
People, Planet, Profit Social, Ecological, Economic success
Processes Reduce the use of hazardous materials Maximize energy efficiency Promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct
products and factory waste
![Page 88: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Server Consolidation
An approach to the efficient usage of computer server resources in order to reduce the total number of servers or server locations that an organization requires
![Page 89: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Augmented Reality
Enhancing personal perception by augmenting media onto reality.
![Page 90: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Quick Assignment #2
![Page 91: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Quick Assignment #2
15 minutes Form two groups of 4-5 people Quote for cost of an office computer with an
ERP package Strive for the lowest cost!
![Page 92: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Sample Software
Software Product Price (Baht)
Operating System Linux 0.00
Word Processor Open Office 0.00
PDF Reader Foxit Reader 0.00
Graphic Editor Gimp 0.00
Media Player VLC Media Player 0.00
ERP Open Bravo 0.00
Total Free!
![Page 93: Computer Components. Hardware Software Database systems Emerging technologies](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102800/56649e4e5503460f94b44690/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Capstone Exercise