computer anatomy chin-sung lin eleanor roosevelt high school
TRANSCRIPT
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Computer AnatomyChin-Sung Lin
Eleanor Roosevelt High School
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The Visible Part:Computer Hardware
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What is a Computer?
Main Memory
Microprocessor
Storage
OutputInput
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What is a Computer?
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What is a Computer?
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System Unit
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Motherboard
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TerminologyBit (b), Byte (B), Word, LSB & MSB
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Terminology
Prefix: kB, MB, GB & TB
Example: Number of bytes (B)
1 kB = 1,000 B = 103 B
1 MB = 1,000,000 B = 106 B
1 GB = 1,000,000,000 B = 109 B
1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 B = 1012 B
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TerminologySerial vs. Parallel Communication
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TerminologyFrequency (Hz, kHz, MHz & GHz)
Number of clocks per second (Hertz, Hz)
1 kHz = 1,000 Hz = 103 Hz
1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz = 106 Hz
1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz = 109 Hz
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TerminologyBandwidth (BW)
Amount of data being transmitted per second (e.g., MB/s, Gb/s)
USB 3.0 reaches 5 Gb/s (gigabits per second)
PCI Express 4.0 can reach 15.754 Gb/s
IEEE 802.11 ad reaches 6.75 Gb/s
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Back Panel Interface
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PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Connectors
PS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyboard
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Serial and Parallel Ports
25-pin Parallel Port
9-pin Serial Port
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USB and Ethernet Connectors
Ethernet
USB
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Audio Connectors
Line In
Microphone In
Audio Out
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VGA Connectors
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HDMI Connectors
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ATX Connector
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IDE (PATA) Connector
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SATA Connector
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Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
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PCI Slot
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Motherboard Interface
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Motherboard
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What is a Computer?
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What is a Computer?
Main Memory
Microprocessor
Storage
OutputInput
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Motherboard
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Processor
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Processor
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)Select
A
B
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)Select
A
B
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
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0
1
1
1
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1
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Motherboard Chipset
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Motherboard Chipset
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Cache Memory
Level 2 Cache Memory
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Memory Hierarchy
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Memory Hierarchy
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Memory
72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)
168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)
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Hard Drive (HD/HDD)
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Hard Drive Capacity
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Solid State Drive (SSD)
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Hybrid Hard Drive (HHD)
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HD vs. SSD
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Solid State Drive (SSD)
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Power Supply Unit
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Motherboard
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Motherboard
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The Invisible Part:Computer Software
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Software Layer Structure
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Software Layer Structure
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Operating System
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Desktop Operating System
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Mobile Operating System (US)
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Mobile Operating System (Global)
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Types of Operating Systems
Single-user, single-tasking
Single-user, multi-tasking
Multi-user, multi-tasking
Real-time operating system
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Single-User Single-Tasking
Single user can effectively do one thing at a time.
Also know as Embedded operating systems.
Used in personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones.
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Single-User Multi-Tasking
Typical desktop and laptop operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS.
Single user can run several programs at the same time.
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Multi-User Multi-TaskingA multi-user operating system simultaneously allows many different users (hundreds or even thousands) to take advantage of the computer's resources.
Unix, MVS, VMS are examples.
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Real-Time OS (RTOS)The fastest OS which are used in time-critical environments/applications.
Control machinery, scientific instruments, industrial systems, sophisticated medical equipment, airport traffic, space flights and high speed aircraft.
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Software Layer Structure
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Software Layer Structure
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Operating System
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Operating System
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Functions of Operating Systems
System Bootup
Application Program Loading
Hardware Resource Management
Memory Management
File System Management
Security
User Interface
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PC Boot Up Process
CPU initializes itself by a series of clock ticks.
ROM BIOS runs the power-on self test (POST), and checks the BIOS chip, CMOS RAM, hardware (e.g., video card), secondary storage (e.g., hard drives), ports, keyboard and mouse.
The BIOS looks for an OS to load from the C drive or DVD drive. The order of drives that the CMOS looks to in order to locate the OS is called the boot sequence.
The BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS takes over control of the boot process.
The OS performs another inventory of the system's memory and loads the device drivers for the peripheral devices, such as a printer, scanner, optical drive, mouse and keyboard.
After this the user can access the system’s applications to perform tasks.
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Keep an on …
Future Technology
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Mobile Computing
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Cloud Computing
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Neuromorphic Chips
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Quantum Computer
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Computer Anatomy Q & A