COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN &COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING..• CAD

• CAM

PREPARED BY:

SHOAIB ZAHEER

Q: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN ANDCOMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURINGHISTORY OF CAD:

1940s:

Came into existence, by Dr. Robert Issac newton.

1960s:

Found use in the aircraft and automotive industries.

Also used by 3D surface and NC programming the first commercial user of CAD.

1971:

Founding of MCS (Manufacturing And Consulting Services Inc.) by Dr. P. J. Hanratty, one of the most influential events.

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN:

Definition:CAD (computer-aided design) software is

used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others to create accurate drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3-D) models.

WHO USES THIS:1.Architects. 2.Animation industry. 3.Automobile industry. 4.Aerospace Industry. 5.Gaming industry

6.Fashion Designers 7.Machine-Manufacturers

Used By Architects:• Architects use CAD to make maps of the house or some

building which they want to made.• It is used for proper calculations of the building.• With the help of this software they make the building good

and there is proper way of light at day or proper air in the building by the use of windows at proper place.

USED IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY:

• The aerospace industry produces satellites, space vehicles, missiles, and aircrafts.

• Any one of these products usually costs millions of dollars, and as such AutoCAD sample drawings play an important role in the first step of the design process.

• Before starting work on the final product, the details are thoroughly planned with the AutoCAD software.

USED IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY:

• Now we are talking about the automobile industry and Cad also used there for the design of the cars and other vehicles.

• How to design the new model first they draw the model on the computer by complete calculations and if they feel good with that model they make practical on that drawing.

• That type of activity save their cost also.

OVERVIEW OF CAD:

• Current Computer-Aided Design software ranges from 2D vector-based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers. Newer models of CAD packages allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object from any angle.

• Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematic modeling - CADD — computer-aided design and drafting.

• CAD is also used throughout the manufacturing process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies.

• CAD is used in the design of tools and machinery and drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential building to the largest commercial and industrial structures.

CAD Advantages:1) Precise 2) 3d Detailed Drawing. 3) You can resize easily by using calculations. 4) Easier to see the calculation. 5) More economical and efficient. 6) Computerized models. 7) Storage and Retrieval.

DISADVANTAGES OF CAD:

• The initial costs of buying computer systems are always quite high.

• Recurring costs for software updates are expensive and time consuming.

• Information can be instantly lost or corrupted if a computer problem occurs and there are no back ups.

HOW IT WORKS:

1. Product is conceived by engineer.

2. Product is designed using CAD software.

3. CAD data is transferred to manufacturing machine’s memory.

4. Machine uses the CAD data to produce the product, with little human intervention.

LIST OF SOFTWARE NAMES:1) ArchiCAD 2) AutoCAD 3) Auto desk inventor.

4) Auto turn 5) Cadwork 6) Constructor.

7) High-Design. 8) IntelliCAD 9) KiCAD 10) NX.

Introduction:

CAM engineers similarly use computer modeling to determine the best overall manufacturing procedures for use in an industrial plant, including the testing and handling of finished products. Engineers use CAD and CAM together to create the design in CAD on one computer, then transmit the design to a second computer that creates the part using CAM.

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING:Definition:

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of work pieces.

OR:

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is an application technology that uses computer software and machinery to facilitate and automate manufacturing processes

OLD SYSTEM (WITHOUT CAM):• Product is designed without CAM software

• Each production machine is programmed individuallyOR – if not automated :

• Employees are trained on proper production of the product.

New System (using CAM):• Product is designed with CAM software

• Product specifications are sent over the plant network to each machine

• Machines have ‘intelligence’ to produce the products without human intervention

CAM USES:

• One of the primary uses of Cam software is for the creation of machine toolpath.

• This is the path in which cutting tool will take to cut the material in most efficient manner to save time and achieve the closest result to the finished piece.

• It is further divided into two toolpaths that are 2d toolpath and 3d toolpath.

2D TOOLPATH:• 2D machining toolpath are used for creating the majority of

parts in manufacturing.• There are roughing and finishing operations for the majority

of the machining.

Roughing:• A roughing toolpath is generally used in the CAD/CAM CNC

programming phase for removing the most amount of material possible, as accurately and as efficiently as possible.

Finishing:Finishing toolpath comes after roughing and essentially

“finishes” the cutting process removing the last amount of material on the machine to complete the machining process.

3D TOOLPATH:• This software is designed to prevent problems in

workflows. • This software provides high levels of control for

machining.• 3D paths suitable for water jet cutting, precise operations

with minimal operator involvement.A Real World Example:C D War and Associates turned to CAM:

• Converting the artistic garment specification into a technical specification. • Using the technical specification to calculate yarn

weights and manufacturing times.

C D Ward and Associates CAM solution:• Enables faster turnaround of new products.• Reduces waste by using raw materials more efficiently.

Advantages:• Increased productivity.• Error free drafting.• Repeatability.• Three dimension modeling.• Lower overhead cost.• Gives us zoom feature similar to a camera lens.• Design can altered easily.

LIMITATION:1) Expensive software. 2) Special skills required.

3) Expensive machine required. 4) High maintenance cost. 5) Nature of material of the object.

Software:1) GibbsCAM 2) Dassault systems 3) Siemens PLM software. 4) Delcam 5)Vero software 6)PTC

7)Tebis 8)OPEN MIND Technologies. 9)Cimatron.

Typical areas of concern:1) High Speed Machining. 2) Multi-function Machining 3) Feature recognition and machining

4)Automation of Machining processes 5) Ease of Use

CAD-CAM Applications:• CAE( computer aided engineering).

• CAA( computer aided analysis)

• CIM( computer integrated manufacturing)

• CNC( computer numerical control)

• CAP( computer aided planning)

• Photo realistic rendering.

• Super imposition of objects.

CAD & CAM Usage Industry:1)Automotive industry. 2)Aerospace and aircraft industry.

3)Textile industry. 4)Medical industry.

5)Video gaming industry. 6)Welding and cutting industry.

7)Die manufacturing industry.

Need for CAD & CAM:

• To increase productivity of Designer.• To improve quality of design.• To improve communication.• To create a manufacturing database.• To create and test tool paths.

Conclusion:• Less chances of error.• More reliable.• All the work done with proper calculation.• Both CAD & CAM use together.