compressor training (very basic)
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8/10/2019 Compressor Training (Very Basic)
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INTRODUCTION
TOCOMPRESSOR
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What is Compressor
A machine or mechanical device that is used
to increase the liquid pressure or compressa gas.
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Two Basic Compressor Types
Types of Compressors
Type of
compressor
Positive
displacementDynamic
Reciprocating Rotary Centrifugal Axial
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• International Standard: API 618
• Used for air and refrigerant compression
• Works like a bicycle pump: cylinder volume reduceswhile pressure increases, with pulsating output
• Single acting when using one side of the piston, and
double acting when using both sides
Reciprocating Compressor
Types of Compressors
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Reciprocating Compressor
• Driver:
- Induction motor or synchronized motor
- Diesel or gas engine
•Drive System- Belting or direct driven with coupling
• Capacity control
- Suction valve unloader (stepped controls)
- Recycling or spill back
- VFD
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Reciprocating Compressor
Advantages
• Simple and open in construction
• Site repair possible
•
Single and multi-stage with inter-cooling• High pressure ratio
• Low and medium operating speed
Disadvantages
• High wearing rate on piston rings
• Pulsating flow required piping analysis
• Large foundation and bulky installation7
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8Screw compressor
• International Standard: API 619
• Rotors instead of pistons: continuous
discharge
• Benefits: low cost, compact, low weight, easy t
• Types
• Lobe compressor
• Screw compressor
• Rotary vane / Slide vane
Rotary Compressor
Types of Compressors
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Rotary Compressor
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• Driver:
- Induction motor or synchronized motor
- Diesel or gas engine
• Drive System
- Belting or direct driven with coupling
• Capacity control
- Suction valve throttling (stepless controls)
- Recycling or spill back
- VFD
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Centrifugal Compressor
• International Standard: API 617
• Rotating impeller create centrifugal force and
transfers the energy to move gas
• Continuous duty
• Designed oil free
• High volume applications
up to 450,000 m3/hr
• Single or multi-stage
Dynamic Compressor
Types of Compressors
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Centrifugal Compressor
• Advantages
– Reliable and suitable for uninterrupted operation without standby
– No major wearing parts, compact design, easy to install
– Able to handle large flow
– High efficiency
– Can handle most of process gas
– Flexible in driver selection
– Variable capacity at constant speed
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Centrifugal Compressor
• Disadvantages
– Sensitive to ambient condition changes
– Required surge protection
–
Required vibration monitoring due to high speed – High initial cost
– Special arrangement to make sure no liquid carry over with
process gas i.e. dry gas seal system
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