8/10/2019 Compounding EXERCISE

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Compounding

1. The words in (4) are compounds. For each one, give the meaning of each member of the compound

and that of the compounded form. Say whether the compound is semantically transparent or not.

a. battlefield b. scarecrow

c. Churchyard d. dogwood

e. Hoodwink f. handkerchief

g. Inmate h. postman

i. Ladysmock

2.

Draw a tree structure for the following compounds.sunspot, fast food, overbook, boyfriend, bittersweet, killjoy, afternoon

3. Are the following words endocentric or exocentric compounds?

Skinhead saber tooth

bath towel fireman

Walkman textbook

Armchair highbrow

Loudmouth hothead

4. Identify the syntactic pattern in each of the following compounds and express it in a lexical rule.

Example:gravedigger N + V + -er> N

1.

hovercraft2.

dairyman

3. bath-towel

4. goldfish

5.

inroads

6. bystander

7. setback

8. meltdown

9. blackout

10. stand-in

11. turnout

12. money-hungry

13. dugout

14. hardhearted

15. homesick

16. proofread

17. overqualified

18.

overachieve

19. badmouth

20. redhead

21. birth control

22.

breakfast

23. thoroughgoing

24. quick-change

25. lukewarm

26.

law-abiding

V + N > NN + N > N

N + N > N

N + N > N

Prt + N + -s > N

Prt + V + er > N

V + Prt > N (conversion)

V + Prt > N (conversion)

V + Prt > N (conversion)

V + Prt > N (conversion)

V + Prt > N (conversion)

N + A > A

V + en + Prt > N (conversion)

A + N + ed > A

N + A > A

N + V > V

Prt + V + en > V / A

Prt + V + > V

A + N > V (conversion)

A + N > N

N + N / V > N / V

V + N > N

A + V + ing > A

A + V > A (conversion)

A + A > A

N + V + ing > A

8/10/2019 Compounding EXERCISE

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27. far-reaching

28. homemade

29.

clean-cut

30. fighter-bomber

31. earthenware

32. driver's seat

33. baking powder

34.

drip-coffee35. wisecrack

36. snowplow

A + V + ing > A

N + V + en > A

A + V + en > A

V + er + V + er > N

N + en + N > N

V + er + s + N > N

V + ing + N > N

V + N > N

A + V > V + N

N + V / N > V / N

2. The following words are compounds which also include derivational affixes. Analyze the words,

identifying the roots and their parts of speech, as well all the affixes and their function as

nominalizer, verbalizer, adjectivalizer, or adverbializer.

Example:housekeeper house (root - noun) + keep (root - verb) + -er (nominalizer)

(a) flightworthiness

flight (root-noun) + worth (root-noun) + -y (adjectivalizer) + -ness (nominalizer)

(b) chatterbox

chat (root-verb) + -er (nominalizer) + box (root-noun)

(c) owner-occupied own (root-verb) + -er (nominalizer) + occupy (root-verb) + -en (past

participle / adjectivalizer

(d) freedom-loving free (root-adjective) + -dom (nominalizer) + love (root-verb) + -ing (present

participle / djectivalizer

(e) handicraft

hand (root-noun) + -y (adjectivalizer) + craft (root+noun)

(f) broken-hearted

break (root-verb) + -en (past participle / adjectivalizer) + heart (root-noun) + -ed ( adjectivalizer)

(g) safety-tested safe (root-adjective) + ty (nominalizer) + test (root-verb) +-ed (past

participle / adjectivalizer)

(h) worldly-wise

world (root-noun) + -ly (adjectivalizer) + wise (root-adjective)

(i) antiaircraft

anti (prefix) + air (root-noun) + craft (root-noun)

(j) machine-readable machine (root-noun) + read (root-verb) able (suffix-

adjectivalizer)

(k) chartered accountant charter (root-noun) + -ed (suffix- adjectivalizer) +

account (root-verb + -ant) + suffic+ noinalizer)