composition in photography€¦ · portrait composition •fill the frame with your subject...
TRANSCRIPT
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Composition in Photography
Nancy Rosenbaum
April 2020
4/30/2020 1Goddard Photo Club
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Composition
• Components– Rule of Thirds– Leading the Eye; Lines– Rhythm and Patterns– Framing and Orientation– Focus– Depth of Field– Focal Length– Point of View– Distractions, Mergers, and Intrusions
• Portrait Photography• Nature Photography• Gallery
4/30/2020 2Goddard Photo Club
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Where Is the Subject?
4/30/2020 Goddard Photo Club 3
©Karen Smale
©Karen Smale
©Karen Smale
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Rule of Thirds
4/30/2020 Goddard Photo Club 4
©Karen Smale
©Karen Smale
©Karen Smale
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Rule of Thirds – Where Is the Horizon?
4/30/2020 Goddard Photo Club 5
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©Nancy Rosenbaum©Nancy Rosenbaum
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Find Lines• Lines lead the eye from one point to another
• Horizontals can convey stability, calm
• Verticals can convey strength, solidity, and power
• Diagonals can convey motion and energy
• Arcs and semi-circles can isolate, emphasize, and frame an area
• Patterns create rhythm and movement
4/30/2020 6Goddard Photo Club
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Lines
4/30/2020 7Goddard Photo Club
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Lead the Eye into the Picture
4/30/2020 8Goddard Photo Club
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©Nancy Rosenbaum
©Nancy Rosenbaum
©Nancy Rosenbaum
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Rhythm and Patterns
• We are attuned to finding patterns and find them interesting• Rhythm and patterns use elements that are repeated:
– Lines– Shapes– Colors– Tones
• Types of rhythm:– Repetition– Alternation– Progression– Undulation
• Emphasize the pattern:– Fill the frame end-to-end to suggest that the pattern goes on
• Break the pattern:– Capture the disruption in the flow and give the image a focal point
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Rhythm and Patterns
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Rhythm and Patterns
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Rhythm and Patterns
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Framing• Filling the frame
– How near or far will be the subject appear to the viewer?
– Do you want the subject to fill the frame?
– What other objects are in the frame (e.g., foreground and background objects)?
– Do they support the visual story you are telling?
– How do they contribute to or detract from the composition?
• Natural frames - use to your advantage
– Look for natural elements to draw the eye to the subject
– In landscapes, foreground objects can provide a sense of scale
• Arrangement of objects in the frame
– Zoom in or out
– Move closer or farther away
4/30/2020 13Goddard Photo Club
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Filling the Frame
4/30/2020 14Goddard Photo Club
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Natural Frames
4/30/2020 15Goddard Photo Club
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©Nancy Rosenbaum
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Orientation• Does the subject lend itself
to either a vertical or horizontal orientation?
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Orientation
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©Nancy Rosenbaum
©Nancy Rosenbaum
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FocusOut-of-focus objects in the foreground can be distracting
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Use Focus to Isolate the Subject
4/30/2020 Goddard Photo Club 19
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©Nancy Rosenbaum
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Where Is the Focus?
4/30/2020 20Goddard Photo Club
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Depth of Field
Distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image
• Small f/ number = large aperture = shallow depth of field
• Large f/ number = small aperture = long depth of field
• Longer focus distance = longer depth of field
• Longer focal length lens (e.g., telephoto = shorter depth of field)
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Depth of Field
Focal length: 135 mmAperture: f/5.0Subj. distance: 6.9 ft
Focal length: 18 mmAperture: f/3.5Subj. distance: infinity
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Depth of Field
Focal length: 82 mmAperture: f/8.0Subj. distance: 4.6 ft
Focal length: 200 mmAperture: f/5.6Subj. distance: 41 ft
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Point of View
• Changing your position relative to the subject can make a scene more exciting
– Get high; get low
– Find a unique angle
– Try going eye level with your subject
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Point of View
4/30/2020 25Goddard Photo Club
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©Nancy Rosenbaum
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Point of View
4/30/2020 26Goddard Photo Club
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Point of View
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Point of View
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The Golden HoursPeriod of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky
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Pay Attention to the Light
4/30/2020 30Goddard Photo Club
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Focal Length
Focal length = distance between the point of convergence in your lens and the camera sensor • “Normal”
– Field of view reproduces what the human eye would see– Relationships between distances appears “normal” to us– FL = 50 mm in a 35 mm camera; 28 mm in DX sensor camera; 22 mm in a four-thirds sensor
camera)
• Wide angle– Field of view is wider than the eye would normally see– Objects appear farther away– Relationships between distances appear greater– FL numbers are less than the normal FL
• Telephoto– Field of view is narrower than the eye would normally see– Objects appear closer– Relationships between distances appear smaller– FL numbers are greater than the normal FL
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Telephoto
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Wide Angle
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Distant vs. Close-In
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Cropping Can Work Wonders
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Focal Length
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Focal length: 55 mm Focal length: 98 mm
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Focal Length
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Wide AngleFocal length: 18 mm
NormalFocal length: 35 mm
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Distractions
• Intrusions
• Mergers
• Bright spots/black holes
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Distractions
• Distractions • Train yourself to look at every element and object
in the frame: • Are there unwanted objects in the foreground or
background? • Are there places where colors or values
(light/dark) are so similar that the subject seems to disappear into the background?
• Is there an extremely bright or dark spot that draws the eye away from the subject?
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IntrusionsUnwanted objects that detract from the composition
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Intrusions
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Intrusions
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MergersTwo or more overlapping objects that appear to be joined
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Mergers
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MergersBorder merger: object(s) cut off in an awkward place
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Bright Spots or “Black Holes”• The brightest values pull our attention
– When using flash, closest objects will be brightest
• Large areas of low value can also be a distraction
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Portrait Composition
• Fill the frame with your subject• Focus on the eyes• Keep eyes in the upper third• Use framing to concentrate all attention on your
subject• Create texture• Use lines• Change your angles
6 Tips for Perfect Composition in Portrait Photography by Christina N DicksonRead more: http://www.digital-photography-school.com/6-tips-for-perfect-composition-in-portrait-photography#ixzz1mB7Y82zC
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Portraits
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Seven Principles of Nature Photography Composition
• Clarify your message
• Keep it simple
• Be patient
• Fill the frame
• Consider verticals
• Find lines
• Place subjects off-center
from the Beginner's Guide To Nature Photography by Cub Kahn
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Dawn in the Dunes - Karen Smalehttps://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17237914874/in/photostream/
Low OBX Sound, Ed Campionhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17634635099/in/photostream/
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GALLERY
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Photo Club Member SelectionsOn the Other Side of the Fence, Bob Haines: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17690996118/
Brittney - Child's Play, Bonnie Bradley: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17240888853/in/photostream/
Don't Hate Me Because I'm Beautiful, Scott Hull:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17659197010/in/photostream/
Ocean City Boardwalk at Sunset, Ed Campion:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17818083992/in/photostream/
Untitled, Bob Peters: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17176673254/in/photostream/
Los Morrillos Lighthouse, Adán Rodríguez-Arroyo:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17565712510/in/photostream/
Cascade, Buttermilk Falls, NY, Melissa Meyers:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17454899399/in/photostream/
Tree Hugger, Karen Johnson: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17020599483/in/photostream/
Peruvian Boat Ride, Kimberly Engle: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfcphoto/17584982156/in/photostream/
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Dorothea Lange
Migrant Mother, 1936
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Courtesy Library of Congress
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Walker Evans
Laura Minnie Lee Tengle , 1935
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Courtesy Library of Congress
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Thomas Askew
Atlanta University, Georgia, 18994/30/2020 54Goddard Photo Club
Courtesy Library of Congress
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American Colony (Jerusalem), Photo Dept.
Egyptian camel transport passing over Olivet, 1918
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Alice S. Kandell
Mount Kānchenjunga, Third Highest Mountain in the World, btw. 1965-1979
4/30/2020 56Goddard Photo Club
Courtesy Library of Congress
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Alice S. Kandell
Sikkim, Oversized Melonsand Fruit Grow, 1969
4/30/2020 57Goddard Photo Club
Courtesy Library of Congress
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Abdullah FréresTuberculosis Ward of the Hasköy Hospital for Women, btw. 1880 - 1893
4/30/2020 58Goddard Photo Club
Courtesy Library of Congress