composition effects in center-based daycare...2017/08/11 · anna marina pomykaj & dr. nina...
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Composition effects in center-based daycareChild demographics, risk factors and children‘s languagecompetencies
Anna Marina Pomykaj, Dr. Nina Hogrebe
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 2
Theoretical background
• School success and participation depend on language competencies (Lisker 2011, Dixon 2011)
• In Germany, 15% to 50% of all children lack proficiency in the German language (especially when having a migration background or low socioeconomic status)
• Socioecological and sociocultural theories on human development (e.g. Bronfenbrenner 1990, Vygotski1978): Stimulating environment and social interactions are relevant for language development
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 3
Context: Daycare centers
• Child-teacher & peer interactions exert influence on children (Wetzel 2011)
• Preschool composition varies (e.g. Anders et al. 2012)
• On average 20% to 30% of children not speaking German at home or having a migration background • Variation from zero to more than 80% • Standard deviations of 20% to 30%
• Segregation is observed within cities and city districts (Hogrebe 2014, 2016)
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 4
Current state of research – statement to research problem
• Social and ethnic composition influence student achievement (Thrupp, Lauder & Robinson 2002)
• Risk factors like preterm birth, low birth weight or inadequate parental care more important thandemographic characteristics (e.g. Fantuzzo, LeBoeuf, and Rouse 2014)
• Findings in early childhood education scarce• Mean cognitive and linguistic skills of peer group affects children‘s language development (Henry & Rickman 2007,
Mashburn et al. 2009, Justice et al. 2011) limited peer group size• Socioeconomic composition of preschools relevant (Schechter & Bye 2007, de Haan et al. 2013, Reid & Ready 2013)
other risk factors not included in context studies
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 5
Research questions
• Does the proportion of at-risk children in daycare settings affect child language skills at school entry? • And if so, which composition factors are decisive?
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 6
Data
• Project “Context effects of preschools: language skills at school entry” (KomiK) (funded by DFG)• Information provided by compulsory school entry examination (SEE) from 2010/11 to 2015/16 in a
municipality with 300,000 inhabitants: 14,333 children in 172 daycare centers• social pediatric developmental screening including language skills• Background characteristics: family background, migration and (biological) risk-factors• Preschool composition in 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13
• Supplemented by a preschool survey: Institutional structure, linguistic education and language-oriented activities (response rate of about 50%)
• Effective sample size: 7,604 children in 84 daycare centers
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Variables – OutcomesVariable Value Mean SD Min MaxArticulation 0 to 10 9.4 1.1 0 10Pluralization 0 to 7 6.2 1.6 0 7Preposition 0 to 8 6.6 1.8 0 8Phonetics 0 to 6 5.3 1.1 0 6
Variable Value n Freq.
Grammar skills
0 = deficient
1 = borderline
2 = normal
1,206
1,430
4,968
15.9%
18.8%
65.3%
German skills
0 = none
1 = some
2 = good
175
687
6,742
2.3%
9.0%
88.7%
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Variables – OutcomesVariables
Components
1 2
Articulation 0.861Pluralization 0.870Preposition 0.898Phonetics 0.685Grammar competencies 0.812Note.Z‐standardizedvariables.Rotatedcomponentmatrix.Principalcomponentanalysis.Varimax withKaiser‐normalization.Cronbach’sAlphawithcomponentsofextraction1=0.846.Cronbach’sAlphawithcomponentsofextraction2=0.402.
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Variables: Individual child characteristicsValue Mean SD Min Max
Age In years 5.72 0.39 3.25 7.58
Duration In years 3.43 0.85 0.17 6.75
Value FreqSex 0=female
1=male48.2%51.8%
Prematurely born 0=no1=yes
85.7%14.3%
Weekly dosage 1=25 hours2=35 hours3=45 hours
5.9%39.7%54.4%
Older siblings 0=yes1=no
52.2%47.8%
Value FreqSingle parenthousehold
0=no1=yes
86.80%13.20%
Mother tongue 0=German1=(German and) other
71.40%28.60%
Parents' German skills
0=none1=some2=good
3.50%6.20%
90.30%Preventive examinations
0=complete1=incomplete
92.10%7.90%
Non-formal educationalactivities
0=yes1=no
76.70%23.30%
Cumulative risk 0=no1=yes
86.10%13.90%
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 10
Variables – Preschool characteristicsMean SD Min Max Missing
Staff-child-ratio 5.66 1.20 3.56 8.47 8.30%
Value Freq MissingLanguage-related topics in team meetings
less than every 3 monthsone to two times in 3 months
once a monthmore than once a month
6.00%32.10%28.60%31.00%
2.40%
Professional training 0=no1=yes
19.00%79.80%
1.20%
Co-operation 0=no1=yes
66.70%31.00%
2.40%
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Variables – Preschool Composition (in %)Mean SD Min Max
Migration background 27.0 20.5 0.0 81.1Need of language support 20.4 17.1 0.0 66.5Non-formal educational activities 22.8 21.0 0.0 77.7Preventive health examinations 7.4 5.7 0.0 26.6Premature birth 14.3 04.4 0.0 33.4Cumulative risk 13.5 14.7 0.0 60.1Poverty 24.7 28.5 0.0 92.0
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 12
Multicollinearity of composition variables (correlation analysis)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Migration background (1) 1Need of language support (2) 0.966 1Non-formal educational activities (3) 0.845 0.873 1Preventive health examinations (4) 0.816 0.828 0.789 1Premature births (5) -0.015 0.048 0.126 0.106 1Cumulative risk (6) 0.906 0.911 0.954 0.833 0.034 1Poverty (7) 0.874 0.896 0.862 0.809 0.044 0.866 1
Note. All p-values < 0.000
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 13
Multicollinearity of composition variables (factor analysis)
VariablesComponents
1 2Need of language support 0.971Cumulative risk 0.971Migration background 0.966Non-formal educational activities 0.949Poverty 0.933Preventive health examinations 0.896Premature births 0.999Note.Principalcomponentanalysis.Rotatedcomponentmatrix.VarimaxwithKaiser‐normalization.Cronbach’sAlphawithallcomponentsofextraction1=0.949.
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 14
Analysis
• Multilevel Analysis (Mplus)
• Children‘s grammar skills (latent) and German language competencies (logistic)
• Two analysis strategies to deal with composition effects:
• Model 1: Treated as continuous variables
• Model 2: Composition as thresholds (five dummies)
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 15
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 16
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 17
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 18
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Proportions of risk compilation
Grammar skills:0-10% to 11-20% -0.188
11-20% to 21-30% -0.28221-30% to 31-40% -0.37631-40% to 41-50% -0.47041-50% to 51-60% -0.54651-60% to 61-70% -0.65861-70% to 71-80% -0.75271-80% to 81-90% -0.846
81-90% to 90-100% -0.940
German competencies: Odds Ratios (eβ)0-10% to 11-20% 0.790
11-20% to 21-30% 0.702 21-30% to 31-40% 0.624 31-40% to 41-50% 0.554 41-50% to 51-60% 0.493 51-60% to 61-70% 0.438 61-70% to 71-80% 0.389 71-80% to 81-90% 0.346
81-90% to 90-100% 0.307
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Proportions of risk compilation
Grammar skills:0-10% to 11-20% -0.188
11-20% to 21-30% -0.28221-30% to 31-40% -0.37631-40% to 41-50% -0.47041-50% to 51-60% -0.54651-60% to 61-70% -0.65861-70% to 71-80% -0.75271-80% to 81-90% -0.846
81-90% to 90-100% -0.940
German competencies: Odds Ratios (eβ)0-10% to 11-20% 0.790
11-20% to 21-30% 0.702 21-30% to 31-40% 0.624 31-40% to 41-50% 0.554 41-50% to 51-60% 0.493 51-60% to 61-70% 0.438 61-70% to 71-80% 0.389 71-80% to 81-90% 0.346
81-90% to 90-100% 0.307
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
Premature births0-5% Ref.
10% steps [Model (1)]5-10% [Model (2)] -0.018 0.055 -0.179 0.161 0.003 0.086 -0.437 0.323
10-20% 0.016 0.080 -0.299 0.35720-30% -0.078 0.126 -0.318 0.41930-40% 0.217* 0.096 0.963 0.558
more than 40% no variance no varianceRisk compilation
0-5% Ref.10% steps [Model (1)]
5-10% [Model (2)] -0.094*** 0.018 -0.118* 0.050 0.028 0.039 -0.712*** 0.128
10-20% 0.020 0.044 -0.893*** 0.17320-30% -0.038 0.069 -0.873*** 0.12530-40% -0.167 0.097 -1.473*** 0.240
more than 40% -0.431*** 0.093 -1.136*** 0.297
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Discussion
• Disadvantaged compositions cumulate in specific daycare centers: Not possible to identify effects of single composition variables
• Risk composition in daycare centers have an impact on language skills• Linear analyses mask composition effects: Not in general but thresholds• Consequence: Avoiding high risk compilations in preschools
• Composition mix in daycare centers• Specific for the examined municipality?• Elsewhere same results?
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Thank you for the attention!
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 24
Appendix
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 25
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 1
Age 0.104*** 0.022 0.063 0.145 0.109*** 0.022 0.025 0.211Sex -0.008 0.015 -0.156 0.106 -0.007 0.015 -0.165 0.096Prematurely born -0.080** 0.026 0.046 0.186 -0.081** 0.026 0.041 0.171Duration 0.080*** 0.013 0.532*** 0.066 0.081*** 0.014 0.533*** 0.058Weekly dosage
25 hours Ref.35 hours 0.007 0.029 0.009 0.186 0.007 0.029 0.016 0.15945 hours 0.046 0.029 0.235 0.200 0.051 0.030 0.213 0.173
Older siblings 0.029* 0.014 -0.311** 0.109 0.029* 0.014 -0.308** 0.105Sinlge parent household -0.057* 0.025 0.094 0.142 -0.057* 0.025 0.084 0.127Mother tongue -0.459*** 0.035 -1.772*** 0.141 -0.461*** 0.035 -1.731*** 0.128Parent’s German skills
none -0.244** 0.079 -1.251*** 0.174 -0.243** 0.079 -1.259*** 0.156some and none -0.744*** 0.056 -2.132 0.134 -0.744*** 0.056 -2.115*** 0.119
Preventive examinations -0.154** 0.045 -0.528*** 0.135 -0.153** 0.045 -0.527*** 0.119
Non-formal educational activities -0.417*** 0.031 -0.650*** 0.137 -0.417*** 0.031 -0.657*** 0.122
Cumulative risk -0.182*** 0.037 -0.268 0.142 -0.183*** 0.038 -0.253 0.132
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 26
Model (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills Germancompetencies Grammar skills German
competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.
Level 2
Staff-child-ratio 0.027 0.020 0.082 0.076 -0.005 0.020 0.130 0.083
Language-related topics in team meetings
less than every 3 months Ref.
one to two times in 3 months 0.076 0.085 0.085 0.299 0.058 0.068 no variance
once a month 0.048 0.089 0.514 0.318 0.029 0.075 0.194 0.152
more than once a month 0.092 0.100 0.386 0.322 0.097 0.078 0.300 0.257
Professional training on language instruction -0.064 0.044 -0.147 0.212 -0.071 0.044 -0.236* 0.092
Co-operation -0.069 0.043 -0.543** 0.171 -0.086* 0.042 -0.625*** 0.144
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Model FitsModel (1) Model (2)
Grammar skills German competencies Grammar skills German
competencies
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.
Threshold $1 -7.851*** 0.464 -8.715*** 0.539
Threshold $2 -4.875*** 0.438 -5.755*** 0.505
σ2 e 0.278*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028
σ2 u0 0.022* 0.008 0.087* 0.042 0.018* 0.007 0.031* 0.014
ICC 0.072 0.060
R2 within 0.539*** 0.030 0.484*** 0.018 0.539*** 0.030 0.478*** 0.015
R2 between 0.573*** 0.158 0.713*** 0.156 0.635*** 0.151 0.958*** 0.024
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj & Dr. Nina Hogrebe 28
Results – Single composition variables (grammar skills)
Grammar skills Poverty Migration background
Need oflanguagepromotion
Non-formal Educational
activities
Preventivehealth
examinations
Prematurebirth
Cumulativerisk
Riskcompilation
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
0-5% Ref.5-10% 0.036 0.037 0.089 0.052 0.024 0.036 0.024 0.038 0.011 0.035 -0.057 0.084 -0.023 0.027 0.025 0.035
10-20% -0.087* 0.044 0.098 0.056 0.010 0.041 0.023 0.032 -0.165* 0.075 -0.102 0.055 -0.010 0.040 0.018 0.04020-30% -0.164** 0.058 0.083 0.060 -0.037 0.086 0.005 0.060 -0.552** 0.176 -0.197 0.106 -0.224** 0.074 -0.055 0.05930-40% -0.110 0.110 -0.219 0.138 -0.422* 0.193 -0.117 0.101 no variance 0.216 0.130 -0.461** 0.175 -0.181* 0.083
more than 40% -0.315** 0.102 -0.264** 0.081 -0.332** 0.102 -0.400*** 0.095 no variance no variance -0.507*** 0.124 -0.440*** 0.089σ2 e 0.279*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028 0.280*** 0.028 0.280*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028 0.278*** 0.028σ2 u0 0.027* 0.011 0.031** 0.011 0.024* 0.010 0.024** 0.009 0.020* 0.008 0.048* 0.019 0.020** 0.008 0.018* 0.008ICC 0.088 0.100 0.080 0.079 0.067 0.147 0.067 0.061R2 within 0.543*** 0.030 0.542*** 0.030 0.541*** 0.030 0.540*** 0.030 0.544*** 0.030 0.546*** 0.030 0.539*** 0.030 0.539*** 0.030R2 between 0.526* 0.217 0.419** 0.151 0.501** 0.161 0.502*** 0.140 0.569** 0.165 0.308 0.183 0.619*** 0.129 0.613*** 0.144
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Results – Single composition variables (German competencies)German competencies Poverty Migration
background
Need oflanguagepromotion
Non-formaleducational
activities
Preventivehealth
examinations
Prematurebirth
Cumulativerisk
Riskcompilation
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.Level 2
0-5% Ref.5-10% 0.022 0.312 0.278 1.586 -0.174 0.575 0.408 2.724 0.224 0.200 0.266 0.795 0.238 0.633 -0.405 0.249
10-20% -0.139 0.397 -0.027 0.584 -0.255 0.585 0.185 2.216 -0.248 0.381 0.413 0.585 -0.232 0.262 -0.710** 0.22120-30% -0.493 0.407 -0.058 0.776 -0.609 0.648 -0.181 0.888 -0.143 0.424 0.207 0.909 -0.634 0.458 -0.799*** 0.21930-40% -0.789 0.733 -0.715 0.562 -0.901 0.576 -0.197 1.417 no variance 2.548 3.306 -0.449 0.945 -1.301*** 0.323
more than 40% -0.251 0.454 -0.512 0.466 -0.683 0.625 -0.318 1.500 no variance no variance -0.310 0.874 -1.002*** 0.265Threshold $1 -7.609*** 0.310 -7.577*** 0.418 -7.710*** 0.432 -7.020*** 0.168 -7.198*** 0.283 -6.910*** 0.204 -6.828*** 0.873 -7.935*** 0.313Threshold $2 -4.633*** 0.288 -4.596*** 0.413 -4.739*** 0.434 -4.042*** 0.095 -4.220*** 0.237 -3.931*** 0.160 -3.845*** 0.890 -4.974*** 0.273σ2 u0 0.079 0.046 0.062 0.066 0.069 0.159 0.080 0.632 0.078 0.044 0.091 0.105 0.062 0.368 0.047* 0.024R2 within 0.488*** 0.029 0.484*** 0.025 0.483*** 0.019 0.489*** 0.043 0.490*** 0.064 0.494*** 0.041 0.489*** 0.044 0.478*** 0.018R2 between 0.749*** 0.146 0.846*** 0.154 0.827** 0.319 0.846 1.120 0.777** 0.291 0.833*** 0.118 0.916 0.528 0.926*** 0.047
Composition effects in center-based daycare
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Daycare center history0 1 2 3 4 Total
2010 88,46% 10,54% 0,79% 0,21% 0,00% 100,00%
2011 89,52% 9,73% 0,62% 0,12% 0,00% 100,00%
2012 88,70% 10,53% 0,49% 0,24% 0,04% 100,00%
2013 90,32% 8,84% 0,67% 0,17% 0,00% 100,00%
2014 91,91% 7,76% 0,17% 0,17% 0,00% 100,00%
2015 95,70% 4,22% 0,04% 0,04% 0,00% 100,00%
Total 90,79% 8,59% 0,46% 0,16% 0,01% 100,00%
Change in history
Need oflanguagesupport
Non-formal educational
activitiesCumulative
riskMigration
background
<11%1,073 77.25% 1,019 73.36% 1,073 77.25% 1,013 72.93%
11-20%123 8.86% 144 10.37% 124 8.93% 141 10.15%
21-40%137 9.86% 141 10.15% 163 11.74% 146 10.51%
41-50%45 3.24% 39 2.81% 15 1.08% 23 1.66%
>50%11 0.79% 46 3.31% 14 1.01% 66 4.75%
Total1,389 100.00% 1,389 100.00% 1,389 100.00% 1,389 100.00%
Composition effects in center-based daycare
Anna Marina Pomykaj 31
Differential effects – grammar skillsModel (1) Model (2)
Mother tongue Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.
Premature birth10% steps
5-10% [Model 2] -0.136 0.083 0.059 0.19710-20% -0.137 0.11620-30% no variance30-40% no variance
more than 40% no varianceRisk compilation
10% steps5-10% [Model 2] -0.014 0.027 -0.362*** 0.102
10-20% -0.404*** 0.09520-30% -0.531*** 0.13330-40% -0.571*** 0.126
more than 40% -0.370** 0.130
Model (1) Model (2)Parent's German skills (none and some)
Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.
Premature birth10% steps
5-10% [Model 2] -0.043 0.098 0.226 0.27410-20% 0.091 0.12520-30% no variance30-40% no variance
more than 40% no varianceRisk compilation
10% steps5-10% [Model 2] 0.084*** 0.024 0.671* 0.199
10-20% 0.835*** 0.16920-30% 1.016*** 0.21730-40% 0.735*** 0.190
more than 40% 1.069*** 0.162
Model (1) Model (2)Cumulativerisk Coef. S.E. Coef. S.E.
Premature birth10% steps
5-10% [Model 2] 0.090 0.102 -0.246 0.22310-20% -0.158 0.19020-30% no variance30-40% no variance
more than 40% no varianceRisk compilation
10% steps5-10% [Model 2] 0.008 0.018 -0.034 0.196
10-20% -0.047 0.17920-30% -0.117 0.18830-40% 0.188 0.217
more than 40% 0.036 0.17