composites matrice cnav v2 en
TRANSCRIPT
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Composite materials:resins
Courard LucDpartement ArGEnCoSecteur GEMME Matriaux de Construction, Universit de Li e
!"# Local $%&"'()l* +(&' *-'*"+ Courril: Luc*Courard.ul *ac*/e
Gnie Minral
Matriaux & Environnement
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Classification of materials
Metals: atomic solids (T ambient )
Organic Polymers :materials
composed ofmoleculesCeramics: inorganic materials
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Elaboration and structure
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Polymers: structures
Homopolymers: - A A A A A A -Copolymers
E!: "inyl aceto-c#loride
Copolymers Alterned: - M$ M% M$ - M% -&loc's: - M$ M$ M$ - M% M% - M% -
tatistic: - M$ M$ M% M$ M% - M$ -
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Polymers: structures
(a) inear polymer
(b) Polymer *it#ramification
(c) +, polymer orreticulatedpolymer(infusible)
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Polymers: structures
Molecular eig#t (M) . (/ C atoms!$%) 0 (/ H atoms!$)
If the length of a PE monomer would be 1inch(2.54cm), PE macromolecule chain would have adiameter of 1/4inch (0.6cm) and a length of 1/3mile(805m)M = 1000000
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+, polymers
Elastomers
Hardness . f(#eatingconditions (duration1 T2)1proportion and type of"ulcani3ation agent)
C C C
C C C
S x S 1-2
iaisons polysulfure (!4%)
5ulcanisation au soufre
con"entionnel
iaisons mono- et di-sulfure
5ulcanisat soluble
iaisons carbone-carbone
5ulcanisation au dicumylpero!yde6esistance to#ig#temperaturesMec#anical
stengt#
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Polymers: structures
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Polymers: structures
C#ains of macromolecules: manufactured int#e factory in order to build long molecules*it# *it# more t#an t#ousands or #undredt#ousands of units7operation . polymerisation + systems for 8 connecting 9 molecules ofmonomer toget#er:
polymerisationpolyadditionpolycondensation7
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Polymers: polymerisation
Monomers *it# at least $ double co"alentbond by molecule: operation .
polymerisation
n . $;;7;;;
H H H H
R
+ C = C R - C - C
H H H H
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Polymers: polymerisation
properties . f(n)
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Polym
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Polym
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Polymers: polycondensation
monomer $ . biacid (terep#talic acid)
a$ . a% . (-COOH) . % functions =acid=monomer % . bialco#ol (et#anol)
b$ . b% . (-OH) . % functions =alco#ol 9terep#talate polyet#ylen (P7E7T7)
H O O C COOH + HO - CH 2CH 2 - OH
HOOC COO - CH 2 - CH 2 - OH + H 2O
OH - CH2
- CH2
- OH
H O O C C O O H
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Polymers: manufacturing
c#emical reactors: effects of "arious parameters(temperature1 pressure1 monomer >uantity1 typeand >uantity of initiator1777)reaction into li>uid media (*ater)group of macromolecules - =solids= (*#enmolecular *eig#t becomes sufficient micelles dispersion of t#e polymer micelles into *ater(late! - dimensions of micelles : ?$; microns)7*ater e"aporation: polymer po*der7fusible po*der and manufacturing in moulds ort#roug# an e!truder7
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emi-crystallinepolymer
Crystalline3one
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emi-crystallinepolymer
(a) sp#eruliticstructure(before
d@formation)(b) fibrilar
structure(afterd@formation)
( 7M7 c#ult31 $B D)
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Polymers
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Types of resins
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6eticulated polymers&a'elitePolyuret#an (P 6)Polyesters (PE )Epo!y (EP)
6esins
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6esins
Mec#anical c#aracterisitics
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Epo!y resins
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Epo!y resin
Macromolecule
O CH2 CH O C R C O CH 2 CH CH2 O
O
R = radical organiqueCH2CHCH2O
O O
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Epo!y resin
PreparationFlycol epic#lor#ydrin 0 alco#ol$st p#ase: formation of a linear polymer(polycondensation)
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Epo!y resin
Preparation%nd p#ase:
#ardener (T G 2C) : aminsaction of #ardeners on:
epo!y groups (#ig#ly reacti"e)
OH groups (ad#esion)
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Epo!y resin
action of #ardeners (amines) on epo!y groups
6 . radical amine
6$ . bisp#enol
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Epo!y resin
action of #ardeners (amines) on -OH groups
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Epo!y resin
Components Accelerators: to speed of polymeri3ation or to *or' at lo*temperature,iluents (sol"ents): "iscosity easier to usePlastifiers: fle!ibility deformabilityInerts (silica1 >uart3)
e!ot#ermicity s#rin'age cost
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Epo!y resin
C#aracteristics 5ariables . f(resin1 inert)
5ery good ad#esion
,ensity resin,ensity resin 0 inets $1%%#rin'age of polymerisation J%1 K
Tensile strengt# L; MPa
Compressi"e strengt# $%; MPa
Elasiticity modulus D;;; MPa
6esistance to acids1 bases 5ery good
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Epo!y resin
Manufacturing Ad#esi"es
6epair productsFlue (Araldite )% components (resin 0 #ardener)
urface treatment (to a"oid rust1 grease177)sandblasting1 s#otblasting1 77ON for metals1 concrete1 *ood1 plastics1
Moulded resinsMoulds: *ood1 metal1 s#rin'age J %1 K (f( inertQ))
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Epo!y resin
ManufacturingCoating
Metal protection 5arnis# for *ood and metalCar painting
tratified productsit# glass fibersse: *#en T2
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Insaturated Polyesters
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Insaturated Polyesters
Macromolecule
C C C C O R O
O H O
CH2
CH
n
6 . organic base
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Insaturated Polyesters
Preparation,iacid 0 dialco#olInsaturated: double co"alent bond in 6 (saturated: no double co"alent bond linear6eticulation: "ia styrene$st p#ase: maleic acid mal@i>ue 0 et#ylen glycol
(polycondensation)
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Insaturated Polyesters
Preparation%nd p#ase: dissolution of polyester into styrene (li'e asol"ent) and bonding agent
C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 O
O
O
O
+ CH2 CH
C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 OO
O
O
O C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 O
O O
CH2
HC
CHO C CH C O CH 2 CH2 O
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Insaturated Polyesters
C#aracteristics 5ariables . f(resin1 inert1 diol1 diacid)
5ery good ad#esion
6esin density $1$ to $1%
,ilatation coefficient B; to $;; $; -R
Tensile strengt# ; to ; MPa
Compressi"e strengt# $ ; MPa
Elasticity modulus + ;; to D ;; MPa6esistance to acids 5ery good
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Insaturated Polyesters
Manufacturingtratified
6einforcement: glass6esistance to #ig# temperaturesHygroscopy . ;ImputrescibilityFood mec#anical c#aracteristics
6esistance to 757Moulding *it# contact
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Insaturated PolyestersMoulding *it# contact
Moulding *it# contact
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Insaturated Polyesters
ManufacturingMi! Compound
Hig# "iscosity resin (*it# glass fibers1 inerts1 coloring1 )Moulding
Temperature: $$; $ ;2CPressure: $L; bars
Electric bo!es1
Polyester "arnis#SurnituresPro ection % components (pistoling)
6esin 0 catalysor
6esin 0 accelerator
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Polyuret#an 6esins
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Polyuret#an
Macromolecule
N C O CH 2 CH CH 2 O C N
H OO N
O
C
N H
n
O
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Polyuret#an
Preparationisocyanate 0 alco#ol
Elaboration of a linear component
if polyol (e!7 cellulose) P 6 reticuled
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Polyuret#an
ApplicationsSoams
fle!ible or rigid#ig#ly reacti"e: continuing process
*elling *it# H %O
finally:
l
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Polyuret#an
Soaming manufacturing
ApplicationsT#ermal insulation
and*ic# panels
P l #
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Polyuret#an
Soaming process and manufacturing
P l #
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Polyuret#an
Cellular gro*ing during rigid P 6 foaming
Polyuret#an
P l t#
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Polyuret#an
ApplicationsFlues
isocyanate 0 polyester
Temperature of maturation: $;;2C Ad#esion: glass1 metal1 *ood1 (less t#an Epo!y) 5arnis# paints
isocyanate 0 tri-ols (cellulose)
Electrical insulationteel protectionCoatings
isocyanate 0 polyester
Ad#esion: metal1 concrete1 asp#altses
Industrial coatings6epairInterla protection of pipes
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6ubber
Uat ral r bber
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Uatural rubber
Uatural rubber
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Uatural rubber
Uatural rubber: elastomer (not plastic material)E!tracted from late! (#@"@a1 ): *ater emulsion ofrubber - +;-D K solid matter (B;K rubber)E"aporation or coagulation by means of acidsrubber . linear polymer of isoprene (alip#atic#ydrocarbon)
Uatural rubber
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eng#t of c#ains: D;;; V R;;; monomers
Tg: less t#an -%;2C *#ic# means rubbery be#a"iorat ambient temperatureElastic material
Sle!ible macromolecular c#ainsFreater distance bet*een bridge points (? $;; atoms ofcarbons bet*een interconne!ions)
Uatural rubber
Uatural rubber
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5ulcani3ed elastomers: 8 reticulated polymers 9
6eticulation . "ulcani3ation (sulfur) 5ulcani3ation: mastication at temperature ($;; to$D; 2C) 0 additi"es (plastici3ers1 fillers1accelerators1 sulfur ($K)1 anti-o3one1 anti-o!idant1
777). D;min up to %#
Uatural rubber
Uatural rubber
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Uatural rubber
Ebonite rubber (#ardened)Q: D; to D K
o* deformationCoating on metal surfaces
Uatural rubber
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Uatural rubber
C#lorinated rubberC#loride into rubber solution
aturation f double co"alent bonds *it# Cl 0 modificationof t#e linear molecule (mo"ing H)Paints against corrosion s#ipsFlues
Artificial rubber
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Artificial rubber
Polymers or copolymers *it# same properties asnatural rubberPossible "ulcani3ation&etter properties t#an natural rubber
6esistance to oils1 greases1 sol"ents6esistance to #eat
or'ing under se"ere conditions6esistance to o!idation1 corrosi"e agents1 lo*temperatures
Mi!es *it# linear polymer
Artificial rubber
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Artificial rubber
&asic polymer: butadiene (polybutadiene)
5ulcani3ation *it# "ia double co"alent bondsCopolymer butadiene-styrene
Elasticity . f( butadieneQ)C#emical resistance6esistance ot o!idation
Artificial rubber
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Artificial rubber
Copolymer butadiene-styrene
Artificial rubber
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Artificial rubber
Polyc#loroprene or neopreneFood resistance to o3one1 temperature1 greases1 oils1 lig#t&etter tensile strengt#&ridge bearing and silent bloc's
Articles in contact *it# sol"ents
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tructure and properties ofrubber
6ubber: properties
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p p
Hardness: re"ersible elastic deformation induced bypunc#ing under a specific load
E modulusE; . f("ulcani3ation)
Ec . E t
6ubber: properties
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p p
trengt# at rupture deformation
6 t . $D-%L MPa6 c G $R; MPa
F . $W+ V X E
ess"ulcani3ation
6ubber: properties
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p p
trengt# at rupture deformation
6ubber: properties
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p p
Effects of en"ironmentTemperature: ON from -%;2C to ;2C (rigidity . f(T2))
at -D;2C: rigidity . %! rigidity at -%;2C
at -R;2C: cWc glassy and brittle