FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Fire Sprinkler Systems

Fire Lines

ComponentsWater mainDCVA – Double Check Valve

AssemblyFire Department Connection (FDC)Indicator Valve Assembly

Post Indicator Valve (PIV) Wall Post Indicator Valve (WPIV)

DCVA Control Valve

Check Valve

Fire Department Connections

City of Bothell Requirements

Locations of FDCs Within 50 feet of structure. Within 50 feet of a fire hydrant. (Outside of the Downtown Sub

area) Can be combination or single use. Painted Labeled for type and address (If needed)

As the downtown sub-area becomes more densely developed,

you will see more wall mounted connection and control points.

Indicator Valve AssembliesPost Indicator Valve.

Wall Post Indicator Valve. Outside Screw and yoke

Purpose: To control the flow of water to the fire protection system. Visible indicator of the position of the device.

OPEN/SHUT Visible screw threads

Security Chains Tamper device

General Design Standard for the City of Bothell

General Design Standard for the City of Bothell

Feed from main

Check Valve

Control Valve

FDC

PIV

Fire Line

Fire Suppression Riser

• Purpose• To control and distribute the water to the suppression

devices.• To allow reporting to a notification device of tampering

or water flow.• Risers come in many forms, from a standard wet pipe

riser to much more complicated systems.

Shot Gun Riser

Water is in the system at all times. Released by the activation of a sprinkler

head.

Wet Pipe Risers

Riser in Normal Condition

Riser in Pre-alarm Condition

Riser in Alarm Condition(Water Flowing)

Sprinkler Systems

Dry Pipe Riser

Used for areas subject to freeze. The piping above the valve assembly has

no water in it. Usually has an air compressor to hold

back the water from entering the pipes in non-alarm conditions.

Dry Pipe Riser

Valve Cap

HingeWater Inlet

Dry area of

riser

Latch

Pressurized AirFace Bolt

Basic Principle Heat from combustion breaks the bulb or

fusible link on a sprinkler head. Pressurized air in the branch and main lines

travels through the system escaping through the opened sprinkler head or heads.

Air from the system leaves the main chamber of the riser valve.

Release of the pressurized air allows for the valve to lift off the inlet.

Water moves from the main line into the system lines.

Special Requirements

Time constraints for air to leave the system and water to reach the sprinkler head. NFPA 13 – 60 seconds of less for water

delivery. If the system takes too long…

An “Accelerator” may be needed. Air compressor to keep pressure in the

system and keep the main alarm valve from opening.

Signal to alarm system when system goes “WET”.

Pre-Action System

Usually used for areas within a building that may need special application due to sensitive equipment or where accidental activation is undesired.

Pre-action systems are hybrids of wet, dry, and deluge systems, depending on the exact system goal.

There are two main sub-types of pre-action systems: single interlock, and double interlock.

Pre-Action

Single interlock systems are similar to dry systems except that these systems require that a “preceding” fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector, takes place prior to the “action” of water introduction into the system’s piping by opening the pre-action valve, which is a mechanically latched valve.

Pre-Action

Double interlock systems are similar to deluge systems except that automatic sprinklers are used.

These systems require that both a “preceding” fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector, and an automatic sprinkler operation take place prior to the “action” of water introduction into the system’s piping.

Pre-Action

Activation of either the fire detectors alone, or sprinklers alone, without the concurrent operation of the other, will not allow water to leave the piping system.

Because water does not enter the piping until a sprinkler operates, double interlock systems are considered as dry systems in terms of water delivery times, and similarly require a larger design area.

Pre-Action

Deluge System

In these systems, sprinklers are open at all times. There is NO fusible link or temperature

sensitive bulb.

Deluge System A fire detection device

controls the main valve. Very similar to a pre-action

system. When the system is activated,

the valve opens, allowing large amounts of water to flow through all of the sprinklers.

They are usually used in facilities that contain hazardous materials such as: flammable liquids, chemicals, and explosives.

Standpipe System

Standpipe System

A system of pipes and connection points. Mainly used to extend the reach of hose

lines. Typical connections are 2 ½ inch and 1 ½

inch. Connections are normally located in

stairwells. Can also be found in hallways, roofs and

places where the spacing between access points exceeds 300 feet.

Standpipe System

Systems can be as complicated as the building and its contents

require.

Standpipe System

System can be normally dry.Supplied by water from a fire

apparatus. System can be normally wet.

Supplied by water from the fire line.Supplemented with water from a fire

apparatus. System can be a combination.

Combined with the sprinkler system.

Standpipe System

Class I – A Class I standpipe system shall provide a 2 1/2 inch hose connection for use primarily by trained personnel or by the fire department during initial response. This class has no hose attached.

Standpipe System

Class II – A Class II standpipe system shall provide 1 1/2 inch hose stations to supply water for use primarily by trained personnel or by the fire department during initial response. These are typically found in cabinets with 100’ of hose.

Standpipe SystemClass III – A Class III standpipe system shall provide 1 1/2 inch hose stations to supply water for use by trained personnel and a 2 1/2 inch hose connection to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire departments and those trained in heavy fire streams. Many times these connections will provide a 2-1/2 inch reducer to a 1-1/2 hose connection.

Special Extinguishing Systems

FM-200 An extinguishing system that utilizes a

chemical extinguishing agent. The agent is less hazardous than Halon. Leaves no residue on equipment. Uses a interlock release system.

Usually smoke detectors. Countdown timer to allow for escape from the

room prior to release. Manual activation and abort buttons. Visual and audible alarms.

FM-200 System

Extinguishing agent canister

Discharge Nozzles

FM-200 SystemTemporary abort button

Manual Activation button

Kitchen Hood Systems

Kitchen Hood Systems NFPA 96 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire

Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler

Systems NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing

Systems NFPA 17A Standard for Wet Chemical

Extinguishing Systems UL 300 Standard for Fire Testing of Fire

Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking Equipment

UL 710 Standard for Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment

These are just some of them.

Kitchen Hood Systems Why do we need hood extinguishing systems?

What are some of the hazards associated with kitchen cooking?

How frequently are hoods to be cleaned?

How frequently are the suppression components to be serviced?

What types of extinguishing agents are used?

Kitchen Hood Systems

NFPA 96Cleaning schedule

Monthly - Facilities that serve solid fuel cooking need to be cleaned.

Quarterly - Facilities that serving high volume cooking like 24hr restaurants and wok cooking .

Semi- Annual - Facilities that serve moderate volume cooking to be cleaned.

Annually - Facilities that serve low volume cooking like churches, day camps, senior centers.

Kitchen Hood Systems

Typical System Layout

Kitchen Hood Systems

Kitchen Hood Systems

Grease build up on roof

Kitchen Hood Systems

A dirty hood system

Kitchen Hood Systems

Grease baffle filters

Kitchen Hood Systems

Kitchen Hood Systems

A duct with heavy build up

Kitchen Hood Systems

A Cleaned duct

Kitchen Hood Systems

Concerns of a dirty hood system.Build up of grease from grease

laden vapors. Producing a highly combustible fuel

load.Grease is a corrosive material that

over time can weaken or destroy structural members.

Rapid fire spread.

Kitchen Hood Systems

Activation process Detection of a fire

Fusible link Shut down of gas supply and/or electricity of

heat sources Shut down of make-up air. Notification to FA panel

Fire alarm activated. Activation of suppression chemical. Extinguishment of fire.

Kitchen Hood Systems

Fire Detection and Notification Systems

Types of Systems

Conventional panel Reports location of fires by “zones” Different types of signals

Water flow Smoke Heat detector Manual Pull Trouble Supervisory

Conventional systems

Control Panel

Flow switch

Annunciator Panel

Manual Pull

Station Smoke detector

Horn/Strobe

Addressable Systems

Monitors each individual device. Reports

Detector activation Trouble Supervisory

Displays specific information Detector location Type of detector Supervisory signals

Duct detector activation Trouble signals

Missing devices Power failure Communication error

Addressable PanelsPanels come in a wide variety of styles

and abilities.

Addressable Components

System Particulars

Each device is in constant communication with the panel.

Panel can identify the location and condition of the device.

Can monitor other devices such as VESDA and Special extinguishing systems and Smoke Control.

Communication Methods

International Fire Code 2009 allows for alternate methods of communication with the monitoring station.

What does this mean?

New technology is now replacing some of the long standing modes of communicating with the monitoring station.

POTS - Copper wire Digital Dialer DAC – Digital Alarm Communicator STU – subscriber terminal unit

New technology must meet NFPA 72 standards RF – Radio Frequency Cellular – cell system IPDAC – Internet VOIP

VESDA

VeryEarlySmokeDetectionApparatus

VESDA

Can be used where due to sensitive equipment,

early detection is

needed.

VESDA

How it works Constantly “sniffing” the air. Uses a high

efficiency aspirator. Detects minuscule amounts of smoke by the

use of a laser. Alerts in a pre-alarm and alarm manner.

Multiple levels of alarm are available before a full alarm is activated.

VESDAAspirating smoke detector (Laser type).

Pipe Network