componentes fisicos de la infraestructura del transporte
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Ingeniería de transportesTRANSCRIPT
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Ingeniería de Transportes
Componentes físicos de la
infraestructura del Transporte
Basado en la presentación
elaborada por Joseph M.
Sussman (MIT)
Elaborado por:
Ing. Jorge Recinos M.Eng.
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• Componentes físicos del Transporte.– Infraestructura
• Vías
• Terminales
• Estaciones
– Vehículos
– Sistemas de Poder
– Combustible
– Control
– Comunicaciones
– Sistemas de Localización
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• Infraestructura
– Vías: De uso especial
o de uso general.
• Ejemplos:
– Carreteras
– Rieles para trenes
– Oleoductos
– Corredores aéreos
http://www.corrosioncost.com/infrastructure/highway/highway2.jpg
http://www.ravnsbak.dk/
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• Infraestructura
– Vías: De uso especial
o de uso general.
• Ejemplos:
– Carreteras
– Rieles para trenes
– Oleoductos
– Corredores aéreos
http://www.fotosearch.com/DGT264/eis0040/
http://www.m0a.com/?p=34
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• Infraestructura
– Terminales y
Estaciones
• Ejemplos
– Terminales para
carga de trenes
– Puertos marítimos
para contenedores
– Aeropuertos
– Estaciones de buses
– Paradas de Taxis
http://www.fotosearch.com/SBY839/e003508/
http://my.tdctrade.com/photolib/showhk
.asp?id=0700039
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• Infraestructura
– Terminales y
Estaciones
• Ejemplos
– Terminales para
carga de trenes
– Puertos marítimos
para contenedores
– Aeropuertos
– Estaciones de buses
– Paradas de Taxis
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/airport-denver-photo20b.jpg
http://www.fotosearch.c
om/DSN001/188712/
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• Vehículos
– Automóviles
– Locomotoras
– Aviones
– Camiones
– Contenedores,
– Etc.
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• Características de los Vehículos
– Costo de un accidente
– Grado de automatización
– Fuente de Energía: interna vrs. Externa
– Peso
– Material
– Aereodinámica
– Emisiones
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• Equipo relacionado
– Grúa para cargar
contenedores en un
puerto.
– Equipo para
mantenimiento de los
rieles para trenes.
http://www.fotosearch.com/EYW193/iac_041/
http://www.railway-
technology.com/contractors/tr
ack/gallery.html
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• Equipo relacionado
– Sistema para manejo
de equipaje o carga en
aeropuertos.
– Vehículos
removedores de nieve. http://www.icm-airport-technics.com/index.html?/m_baggage_e.html
http://www.photovault.com/Link/Vehicles/Cars/SnowRemoval/VCSVolume01.html
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• Sistemas de Poder– Motores de combustión interna
– Motores diesel
– Motores eléctricos
– Motores híbridos
– Celdas de energía
– Fuerza humana
– Fuerza animal
– Gravedad
– Molinos de viento
– Paneles solares
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• Combustibles
– Gasolina
– Gas Natural
– Diesel
– Carbón
– Electricidad (generada por carbón)
– Electricidad (almacenada en una batería)
– Energía Solar
– Viento
– Hidrógeno
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• Control, comunicaciones y sistemas de localización– Humanos:
• Conductores
• Controladores (como en tráfico aereo)
• Despachadores
– Tecnología• Señales de Tráfico
• Sensores – sensores en anillo.
• Vehículos Automatizados
• Controles en Bloque (trenes)
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Sistemas inteligentes de Transporte (ITS)
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Engineers See Dangers in
Aging Infrastructure
The New York Times
August 2, 2007
John Holusha and Kenneth Chang
• A steam pipe explodes
near Grand Central
Terminal, a levee fails
and floods New Orleans,
a bridge collapses in
Minneapolis.http://eddriscoll.com/archives/011565.php
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Engineers See Dangers in
Aging Infrastructure
The New York Times
August 2, 2007
John Holusha and Kenneth Chang
• A steam pipe explodes
near Grand Central
Terminal (7/2007), a
levee fails and floods
New Orleans (2005), a
bridge collapses in
Minneapolis (8/2007).
http://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Levee_fa
ilures_in_Greater
_New_Orleans,_2
005
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Engineers See Dangers in
Aging Infrastructure
The New York Times
August 2, 2007
John Holusha and Kenneth Chang
• A steam pipe explodes
near Grand Central
Terminal, a levee fails
and floods New Orleans,
a bridge collapses in
Minneapolis.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8Qk6KHdCJY
http://wcco.com/
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Engineers See Dangers in Aging Infrastructure
• These disasters are an indication that this country is not investing enough in keeping its vital infrastructure in good repair, engineering experts warn.
• “Governments do not want to pay for maintenance because it is not sexy,” said John Ochsendorf, a structural engineer and an associate professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Engineers See Dangers in Aging
Infrastructure“We have a major infrastructure problem in
this country,” said Maureen L. McAvey, an
executive vice president with the Urban Land
Institute, which recently published a report
on global infrastructure issues. “The civil
engineers have estimated that we have a $1.7
trillion shortfall in this country alone.”
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Engineers See Dangers in Aging Infrastructure
“The Federal Highway Administrationissued a report last year that rated 13.1percent of highway bridges (600,000) as“structurally deficient.” It said thesebridges have “deteriorated conditionsof significant bridge elements andreduced load carrying capacity.”
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Engineers See Dangers in Aging
Infrastructure
Robert Dunphy, a senior resident fellow
at the Urban Land Institute. “We have
an impending crisis with infrastructure,
but it is easy to ignore until you have a
catastrophe.”