component of electrics
TRANSCRIPT
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Automotive Electrical Systems
Basic electrical system
Components
Matthew Whitten
Brookhaven College
Automotive Electrical Systems
Basic circuit components
Power supply
Circuit protection
Conductor
Load
Switch
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Automotive Electrical Systems
Power source
Automobiles use twobasic sources forelectrical power.
Battery: uses chemicalreactions to produce avoltage used duringKOEO ,engine startingand high load KOER.
Alternator: usesrotational force fromthe engine to producevoltage to operate the
automobile whilerunning and rechargethe battery.
Automotive Electrical Systems
Conductors
The conductors are usedto transfer the electricalpower to the loadsthroughout theautomobile.
Various conductorsinclude: copper wiring,
vehicle frame, vehiclebody, powertrain, andmodule casings.
There are situationswhere high resistanceconductors arenecessary: blower motorresistors and cooling fanresistors.
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Circuit protection
Provides a limiter forsituations where toomuch amperage mayflow through theconductors.
Rated in AMPS.
Types:
Fuses
Circuit breaker
Fusible link Thermal limiters
Automotive Electrical Systems
Fuses
Fuses have a thin strip ofmaterial that onceheated by highamperage it meltscreating an open circuit.
Common types used: Standard Blade
Auto-fuse Miniature Blade
Mini-fuse
High amperage Maxi-fuse
Mega-fuse Fusible link cartridge
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Automotive Electrical Systems
Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breakers are usedon circuits thatcommonly see highamperage. (not normal)
Types: Non-cycling circuit
breakers once theamperage exceeds a setamount the breakeropens the circuit untilthe operator resets it.
Cycling circuit breakerwill reset once thebreaker cools. If thecircuit is still in fault thebreaker will reopenupon the high amperage
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Fusible link
Slow circuit protection. Excessively high amperage loads are needed for the link
to create an open circuit. Short term short circuits are not enough to create an
open circuit. (ie. Wrench grounding to frame) Also used in situations where high amperage might be
common for short periods of time.
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Fusible link
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Stepped Resistors
Stepped resistorsallow two or morefixed value resistors tobe placed in series tocontrol load operation(speed or illumination)
Selecting differentswitch positions on thecontrol panel adds orsubtracts resistors in
series.
Automotive Electrical Systems
Potentiometer
A potentiometer uses avariable resistor toprovide a voltage signalto indicate the wiper’sposition to a module orcomputer
Not in series with a load.
Circuits associated:A. VREF (normally 5 volts.
B. Signal (varies 0 to 5volts)
C. Signal Return (basicallya monitored Ground)
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Automotive Electrical Systems
Rheostat
Variable resistorused in series withloads to control theamount of voltagesupplied to theload. (continuouslyvariable)
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Diodes
Semiconductor used tocontrol the flowelectricity.
One way electricalvalve
Diodes are used to “clamp voltage spikes”for circuit protection.
Diodes are used to “rectify” AC voltageproduced by thealternator. Converts
AC to DC for vehicleoperation.
Automotive Electrical Systems
Electric motors
Electrical motorsconvert electricalenergy intomechanical action.
The motors use theforces involvedwith magneticfields to create arotational torque.
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Change of magnetic poles
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Ignition coil/ AC clutch coil
An ignition coil is used to create high voltage spikesfor spark during ignition operation. Converts @13vto 40Kv.
AC clutch coil is used to produce a magnetic field toapply a clutch plate onto a clutch pulley. It converts@13v into @300 volts.
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Automotive Electrical Systems
Switches
Switches are used tocontrol circuitoperation.
Types: Single pole single
throw Single pole double
throw Ganged switch Momentary contact Temperature
activated Pressure activated Position activated
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Mercury Switches
Contains a capsule partially filled withmercury which makes or brakescontact when switch is tipped.
Automotive Electrical Systems
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Solenoids.
Solenoids are use to perform somemechanical function.
Will also produce voltage spikes due tothere design.
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Relays
Relays are used to control a high amperagecircuit with a low amperage control from amodule or switch.
The low amperage circuit is used to create
a magnetic field to close or open contactson the high amperage circuit.
Types:
Standard mini-ISO 5pin relay
Micro-ISO 5 pin
Symmetrical 4 pin
* International Standards Organization
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Relays
Automotive Electrical Systems