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Complex of thermodestruction of municipal solid waste

(MSW)on basis of incinerator using fast

pyrolysis and high temperature combustion

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Russian municipal solid waste (MSW) are very unstable and uncontrolled mixture of paper, cardboard, food residues, plastic, rubber, glass, construction waste, metals, batteries, and other. Preliminary sorting of solid waste by urban and municipal services in Russia is practically not carried out. Mechanical sorting of solid waste is technically complex and until now it does not find wide application. Direct recycling or incineration of huge quantities of waste is technically problematic and dangerous. 2

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Innovative Russian Project

• Universal two-stage technology of termodestruction of the solid waste with production of heat energy

• High efficiency and energy effiectiveness• The system is mobile and can be mounted "in the field“

• Requires no big capital expenditures• Minimizing of emissions into the atmosphere• The minimum volume of ash , less than 1 %• The reception of large-dimension solid waste

• Sorting materials

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Advantages of the high-temperature fast pyrolysistechnology

• The unique two-stage technology of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of MSW with subsequent high-temperature (1200-1400 0 C) incineration residue;

• The process of high-temperature fast pyrolysis has a high energy efficiency (98%), which allows to process materials with a low content of combustible components (ash content up to 60%) or high humidity (up to 65%);

• During pyrolysis there is a partial decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in an oxygen-free environment, that produces the minimum number of nitrogen oxides in the smoke gases;

• Burning in two stages allows us to dramatically reduce or eliminate the formation of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), because even in the presence of chlorine the appearance in smoke gases of aromatic compounds (precursors of dioxins) is suppressed and provides a low content of dust particles (catalysts for the formation of dioxins in smoke gases);

• Ash ,discharged from the reactors, has a small volume (less than 1%), low temperature and practically does not contain unburned carbon.

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The scheme of incinerator with fast pyrolysis and high-temperature vortex combustion

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The HTFP technology is the process of burning of the MSW at temperature above 1250 0 C with the capture of waste pyrolysis gases and

returning the last one for after-burning in the high-temperature zone, which excludes the formation of toxic waste in smoke gases. Injection of air is directed along the bottom of non fire-bar furnaces for the removal of solid carbon (ash) to the area of high-temperature incineration (more than 1250 0 C), where the afterburning happens and it allows to reduce ash , less than 1%. Smoke gases , having temperature 850-1100 0 C ,consistently go

through two vortex afterburning chambers, where the temperature drops up to 250 0 C. Solids (fly ash) falls in the lower part of afterburning cameras. Cleaning is due to the alternate changes of a direction of movement of the smoke gases in the afterburning camera at 180 0 C (up - down). After cleaning in the afterburning cameras the smoke gases are removed through a chimney , which has the height of not less than 10 m . In this chimney the gas analyzer, designed for continuous monitoring of the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases (HCl , CO, O2 , SO2 and other), can be installed.The heat exchangers can be installed in the afterburning cameras, on demand of the Customer.We use a unique technical solutions allowing us to create a production line with the extremely low emissions, processing a wide range of materials. Mobile units do not require capital construction, connection to the engineering networks and complex preparatory construction works.Modularity of the HTFP technology allows to change consumer properties of the product, according to the customer demand at the time of its production, and to increase, or to change its capabilities .

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Characteristic features of the process:

• the process of high-temperature fast pyrolysis has a high energy efficiency (up to 98%), which allows to process materials with a low content of combustible components (ash content up to 60%) or high humidity (up to 65%);

• the principle of organization of vortex motion of the gas flow in the reactor provides extremely low removal of dust particles from synthesis-gas, which allows to greatly reduce the capital cost of gas and energy equipment;

• during pyrolysis there is a partial decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the oxygen-free the environment that gives the minimum number of nitrogen oxides in the smoke gases;

• combustion in two phases can dramatically reduce the formation of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), because even in the presence of chlorine the appearance in the smoke gases of aromatic compounds (precursors of dioxins) is suppressed and provides a low content of dust particles (catalysts for the formation of dioxins in the smoke gases);

• Ash, discharged from the reactors, has a low temperature and practically does not contain unburned carbon;

• the choice of equipment for utilization of heat from combustion of synthesis-gas does not limited to steam or water boiler; you can also use waterheating turbines or power diesel engines.

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The HTFP technology allows you to incinerate the following materials:

• carbon-based materials with carbon content from 10% to 40% (fly ash of thermal power plants, boiler slag, soil, polluted by coal and so on);• sludge from oil reservoirs, soil, polluted with oil and oil products, waste oil refineries;• waste wood processing, pulp and paper, wood (sawdust, wood chips, bark, lignin and so on);• various types of sludge treatment facilities, the filtering fields, sludge after methatanks , etc.;• solid waste;• hospital waste;• waste paint industry and the paint and coatings industry;• old tires, waste rubber products, polymer wastes;• agricultural waste;• waste pharmaceutical industry (the activated coal after use, etc).

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Technical characteristics of the complexes№ Parameters TBP-550 TBP-2000 TBP-5000 TBP-10000

1 Total Volume Of Incinerator, м3 1,63 4,2 10,1 10,2

2 Volume of Afterburning Cameras, м3 1,2 4,0 9,0 18,0

3 Volume of recyclable waste, м3/hour 2,5 10 25 50

4 Amount of waste, kg/hour 550 2000 5000 10000

5 Power of heat exchangers, no more than MWT/hour

0,5 2 5 10

6 Capacity of the Fan м3/hour 3500 16500 36500 72000

7 Downloading Regim continuous continuous continuous continuous

8 The initial heating time, min, no more than

10 20 30 40

9 The primary source of thermal energy Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Diesel fuel

10 Consumption of diesel fuel at one burner ignition, kg/hour

0,5-1,5 1,6-3,5 3,2-7,0 6,0-12,0

11 Nominal power consumption, kWt , no more than

9,5 24,5 46,5 74,5

12 Current type, voltage Alternating, 3-phase,380/220+N

Alternating, 3-phase,380/220+N

Alternating, 3-phase,380/220+N

Alternating, 3-phase,380/220+N

13 Weight( without package) kg 1500 4500 9500 14500

14 Overall dimensions (without the smoke removal system), м

7х8х4,5 10х11х4,5 20х13х4,5 20х13х4,5

15 Noise level, dB, no more 80 90 100 100

16 The smoke gas temperature, 0С, no more 260 260 260 260

17 Stuff, the operator/change 1 1 2 4

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The checkout of the complex for termodestruction of solid waste

The concentration of fly ash and harmful substances in exhaust smoke gases does not exceed, after dispersion in the atmosphere, the maximum permissible concentration, according to the russian standard, SN 245-74 (taking into account the existing background).

The underburning in the slag (organic inclusions) does not exceed 0.02 %.The content of CO in exhaust gases of boiler does not exceed 0,05 % (volume) at 17 % CO2.The content of the fly ash in the smoke gas, after the boiler, is below 3.5 g/m3 at 7 % CO2. Sanitary protection zone, on the basis of the conducted researches is 10 meters ,from the point of emission, which corresponds to 5 class of danger.

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Pollutant emissions from the chimney, when 1 ton of solid waste is termodestructured, correspond to the values , specified in the table :

№ Pollutant Greatest values of emissions substances from the stack to the atmosphere

g/c g/hour

1. Solids, including: 8*10-4 2,9

Cu 3,2*810-7 1,1*10-3

Al 4,8*10-6 1,7*10-2

Ni 5,6*10-7 2,0*10-3

Fe 3,2*10-6 1,1*10-2

Pb 4*10-7 1,4*10-3

Mn 8*10-8 2,9*10-4

Cr+Co+Zn+As+Sb+Sn 4,2*10-5 0,15

2. Oxides of nitrogen in recalculation on oxide (IV)

0,004 14,4

3. Sulphur oxide (IV) 0,004 14,4

4. Carbon monoxide (II) 0,004 14,4

5. The amount of hydrocarbons 0,0008 2,9

6. Ethers of fat acids 0,005 18

7. Formaldehyde 4,2*10-5 0,13

8. Benzopyren 1,5*10-7 5,4*10-4

9. Dioxins+furans 5,6910-10 1,0*10-6

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COMPLETENESSShredder for large-dimension MSWShredder for large –dimension MSW is designed for grinding of windows, doors, furniture, timber, sleepers, etc. and consists of electric motor 15 kW, reducer, thrust frame and the destruction auger. Large-sized MSW is served on thrust frame,

where they are destroyed by shredding destruction auger. On the right side of the hard frame there are additional mechanical devices for the dissolution of timber sleepers. The presence of metal in the body of large-sized MSW is not an obstacle for grinding and usually metalls goes out from collapsing tree, and can be selected from chips manually. Chips, produced on the shredder, can be thermodestruction together with the basic mass of solid waste.Overall dimensions are 2500 x 1500x1300. Input power is 15 kW. Used periodically after the accumulation of large-sized MSW.The Whiplash Shredder The whiplash shredder consists of 2 electric motors and 2 shafts on the bearing supports. On the shafts sticks are placed, representing segments of the steel cable with the diameter 16 mm, length is 350 mm, with metal bil at the end. The shafts of the disintegrator rotate with the speed 3000 rotation/min, the circumferential velocity of the end of the whip is 110 m/s, which allows you to destroy all non-metallic components of solid waste (ice, bricks, wood, paper and etc)

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due to the kinetic energy bil. Whiplashes rotate coaxial, without collision, towards each other, cross-type "comb-comb". Using the metal cable as the whiplash allows to get highly reliable and cheap element of destruction. Whiplash shredder is set at the end of lifting conveyor, at an elevation of about 1 meter. The crushed raw material is fed into a hopper of the incinerator.Overall dimensions are 1400 x 1500 x 1100. Input power is 15 kW.

Line of sorting.The sorting line is the conveyor, with the width 1000 mm and a length of not less than 10 meters. Sorting of solid waste is done manually. Overall dimensions are 12000x2500x800. Consumed power is 7.5 kW.

Magnetic trapFor the trapping of metals at the end of the conveyor the magnetic trap is installed , high-energy permanent magnets from rare earth elements Nd-Fe-B.

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Incinerator scheme

The Incinerator with Afterburning System and Smoke removal. The incinerator is a metal tube with a diameter of more than 1000 mm from steel, coated with molybdenum for protection from corrosion.

The incinerator is installed, at the angle is 15 degrees on vibroground for the steady advancement. It is well known that the concentration of dioxins and furans , produced by the combustion of solids, are significantly reduced, if the smoke gases are in the area with a temperature >850 0 C for at least 2 seconds (rule of 2 seconds). For these purposes in the back of the incinerator the temperature 1100-1350 0 C is supported due to the organization of a vortex regime of carbon burning and the required residence time of smoke gases is provided, 2 sec.The resulting at forwarding along axe and at heating of MSW the pyrolysis gases are captured by ejection system and served for sure afterburning into the high- temperature of the incinerator.

MSW

Pic.9.1. Incinerator scheme

Pyrolysis gases

Receiving hopper

Pipe 1220

Screw

Air 250-300 град.С

Air

Smoke gases

Ash

Fan

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From the incinerator the smoke gases with the temperature 850-1100 0 C are delivered consistently in the after-burning cameras, where they are cleaned from ash particles and the temperature reduce up to 250 0 C due to the radiation of pipe or the take off thermal power by using the installed heat exchanger. Smoke gases with temperature of 250 0 C are released into the atmosphere through the chimney.Mineral residues (fly ash), which is formed in the conversion process, are extracted from the heat furnaces and after-burning cameras, after accumulating, but no more than once per day.

After-burning CamerasTo avoid the formation of complex organic compounds (dioxins, benzopyrenes, etc.), in the after-burning camera in oxygen-free atmosphere with simultaneous decrease of temperature with a 650-950 0 C up to 250 – 350 0 C . At the same time in the after-burning camera trays for sublimation and gradual thermal decomposition of biological waste in the atmosphere of high temperatures are installed. Overall dimensions are 600 x 1400.

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Smoke removal systemThe waste gases are removed by the system of forced smoke exhaust with simultaneous decrease of temperature from 350-450 0 C to 200-250 o C. Length of smoke runners is not less than 8 meters, the height of the chimney not less than 10 meters. Power consumption is 4 (11) kW.

The control system and automaticsTotal control panel allows you to manage the process of termodestruction in automatic and manual mode. On the shield the entire process

displays. Automatic control is carried out by programmable controller with CoDeSys software environment. Programming is carried out by the manufacturer of the complex. The edit of control is performed only

by an authorized representative of the manufacturer.

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