Illustrative Examples - Unit 1Complete your chart using the information provided in this document.Other acceptable sources are:-Traditions and Encounters-The Earth and Its People - Textbook located on the class website - Textbook page-Any AP approved review materials

When completing this packet, you must relate each illustrative example to the identified part of of the Key Concepts.

Technological Advances� CB Framework 1.2.II B

“Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies. “Technological innovations led to improvements inagricultural production, trade, and transportation.”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:

- Pottery� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

PotteryPottery provided storage for foods and water, allowing for more seasonal versatility in Neolithic cultures and guarding against bad harvests.

New Weapons� CB Framework 1.3.II C

“The first states emerged within core civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Nile River.“Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of new weapons and modes of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations. ”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:- Iron Weapons� Use the texts/websites to go beyond what is on

the following pages

Iron Weapons

� Made from…IRON -used first by the Hittites -used for shields, swords, etc.

Use http://www.periclespress.net/Hittites_iron.html for further reading

Transportation� CB Framework 1.3.II C

“The first states emerged within core civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Nile River.“Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of new weapons and modes of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations. ”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:- Horseback Riding� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

Horseback Riding

� Improved warfare and the widespread of ideas and trade. The Mongols (LATER) used horses.

Use http://www.ancient.eu/chariot/ for further reading

Architecture/Urban Planning� CB Framework 1.3.III A

“Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art.“Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning. ”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:

- Ziggurats� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

Ziggurats

� Mesopotamian -temples with very high platforms on which you step to go into the rooms, Mesopotamian equivalent to the Egyptian pyramids, always built by kings

Use http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/ziggurats/story/sto_set.html for further reading

Record Keeping� CB Framework 1.3.III B

“Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art.“Systems of record keeping arose independently inall early civilizations and writing and record keeping subsequently spread.”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:- Cuneiform� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

Cuneiform� Cuneiform is a written language of

wedge shaped symbols developed by the Sumerians.

� Before cuneiform, Sumerians used pictographs. Pictographs were very useful, but they were not practical.

� Sumerians left information in ancient records that they wrote in stone and clay.

� The Sumerians recorded different kinds of household items, court activity, sales and purchases, and names of people who had power.

� The Sumerians also recorded The Epic of Gilgamesh. Even after the Sumerian civilization started to fall, other civilizations continued to use cuneiform as their form of record keeping.

Legal Codes� CB Framework 1.3.III C

“Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art.“States developed legal codes that reflected existing hierarchies and facilitated the rule of governments over people.”

� The following pages explain briefly the following:- Code of Hammurabi (Babylonia)� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

Code of Hammurabi� The Code of Hammurabi is

a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC.

� It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.

� The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a man-sized stone stele and various clay tablets.

� The Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis)as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man.

Code of Hammurabi Continued� Nearly half of the Code deals with matters of contract,

establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon.

� Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another.

� A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behavior.

� Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently.

� A handful of provisions address issues related to military service.

Interregional Trade� CB Framework 1.3.III E

“Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art.“Interregional cultural and technological exchanges grew as a result of expanding trade networks and large-scale population movements, such as the Indo–European and Bantu migrations.”

� The following pages provide information and link to information about the following:

- Trade between Mesopotamia & Egypt� Use the texts to go beyond what is on the

following pages

Image of Trade Routes

Trade between Mesopotamia and Egypt� Use the following websites to conduct

your research for this example.� http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/trade/

� http://www.recoveredscience.com/const128mesopotamianinfluences.htm