complete case study guide

8/11/2019 Complete Case Study Guide

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Ultimate Case Study Guide

GCSE Geography

A guide to using the Ultimate Case study Guide


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This guide is designed to help you prepare for your exams by collecting the case

study information you have learnt during your GCSE and putting it all in one

place.

This guide does not replace your notes. Part of your revision should be to go

back over your notes and add further detailsto the information in this

boolet. This is essential if you !ould lie an A"A# grade in your exam and

strongly recommended if you are aiming for a $.

You must know specific detail about case studies%e.g. figures or exact

details&. 'ithout these you !ill only get half mars for case study ans!ers.

These are difficult to revise so try highlighting( mind maps( revision cards or

testing yourself to try to get them into your head.

)inally( if you are !orried about anything or unsure about your case studies find

a geography teacher*!e+re happy to helpyou get the best grade you can but

!e can+t do the !or( revision or exam for you

,ou can email -uestions to

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Case Study 2ndex
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Theme: What do I need to know? Examples you have studied:

Coa

stsand3ivers

4. 3iver flooding %causes( effects andmanagement& in a 5E6C

7. 3iver flooding %causes( effects and

management& in a /E6C

8. A river valley and it+s landforms

9. A coastal area and its landforms

:. Coastal management along onestretch of coastline.

)lood in /E6C $oscastle 7;;9

)lood in 5E6C $angladesh 4


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Economic6

evelopment

4. An aid pro1ect in a 5E6C

7. )actors that affect the location of atype of economic activity in a 5E6C

8. )actors that affect the location of atype of economic activity in a /E6C

9. /BC investment in a specific areaand in an international context

:. A development !here conflicts existbet!een economic development andenvironmental damage

'aterAid in /ali Secondary industry in South East

$rail

uaternary industry on the /9corridor in the U?

Bie in >ietnam

Environmental concerns andeconomic development in China+sPearl delta.


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Theme :

!ivers and "oasts


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#lood in a $E%": &oscastle

When? 4FthAugust 7;;9

Where? The 3iver >alency( Borth coast of Corn!all( in the south !est of the U?

What happened?

The 3iver >alency !hich flo!s through $oscastle burst its bans. A 8 meter flash flood

carried trees( cars and other debris through the village.

Trees !ere !ashed do!nstream and became trapped by bridges in the to!n. This created

dams !hich caused the !ater to build up and flo! do!n the main street instead. 5ots of

damage to homes and businesses.

ver =; cars !ere !reced and four footbridges across the >alency 3iver !ere

destroyed.

Who was affected by the flood?

Around 4(;;; residents !ere affected( 97 properties !ere flooded and four completely

demolished. 5ocals high insurance claims.

5oss of business to shop o!ners in $oscombe

Tourism 2ndustry 5oss of hotels and services provided to tourists.

People not able to travel around area %to school and !or& due to flooded roads and

destroyed infrastructure.

Why did the flood happen?

@eavy( concentrated rainstorm fell on steep sided valleys. 7;; mm fell in a single day(

most of it during a : hour spell. 2t !as caused by !arm( moist air from the Atlantic cean

moving inland.

@uman factors also contributed building on the >alency+s floodplain in $oscastle.

'ow did people try to reduce flooding? After the flood event a ne! flood management scheme !as put into place.


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This includedH removal of trees that !ere right on the bans of the river( ne! bridges

that !ere less liely to trap debris and alternative flo! channels.

Afforestation on surrounding hillsides and careful land use.

#lood in a (E%": &angladesh

When?September 4


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) !iver *alley and its features: !iver +ent

(ocation

Cumbria( Borth 'est England( )lo!s through the 5ae 6istrict. Source is ?entmere( /outh

is the ?ent Estuary in /orcambe $ay. 87m in length.

,atural #eatures (and -se

-pper

"ourse

2n the upper course the river drops

height -uicly. 2t begins 1ust above

the ?entmere 3eservoir. 2t is also

relatively shallo! and narro! and its

discharge is small. The river bed holds

large angular rocs. There are a

number of short !aterfalls and

rapids.

)armland %mainly sheep farming on the

fells !here graing land is poor -uality

and not good for anything else&

'ater supply %the ?entmere 3eservoir&.

)ootpaths cross the area as it is a

popular place for !alers. A fe! isolated

houses"farms

$iddle

"ourse

As the river flo!s do!nstream the

!idth( depth and discharge increase.

3ocs become smaller and more

rounded. /eanders start to form.

)armland %The -uality of the land is much

better so co!s and some crops are

gro!n&. >illages and To!ns %e.g. ?endal&

are built on the bans of the river.

(ower

"ourse

2n ?endal the river bans have beenincreased in height and made of stone.

There is evidence of oxLbo! laes on

the flood plain.

?endal is a large to!n !ith high streetshops %e.g. Topshop and Clintons& and lots

of housing. 3oads and rail!ays.

2ndustry. At $urneside the paper mill

uses !ater from the river.

"onflicts

5and in the valley is most valuable and therefore many people !ant to use it e.g. industry vs

settlement. Settlements in this area are gro!ing due to counterurbanisation and this puts


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pressure on farmland. Conflicts also occur bet!een people !ho use the river. E.g. fishermen

vs ayaers and reservoir o!ners vs paper mill.

"oastal Erosion and $anagement: 'olderness

(ocation

Borth East of the U?( )lamborough @ead to Spurn Point

To!ns such as $ridlington and /appleton are located on the coast.

#eatures and landforms

)lamborough @ead is a headland made from resistant chal. The chal is much harder to

erode than the soft boulder clay at $ridlington. The Borth Sea storms attac the

coastline here.

The cliffs at )lamborough @ead is full of caves. Some have been cut through to arches.

Small stacs have no! been left !ith names such as ?ing and ueen.

The prevailing !ind and s!ell is from the Borth East !hich moves sediment south!ards

by longshore drift. This creates landforms such as Spurn Point a spit.

5and use is mainly farming but coastal roads run along the edge of the cliffs in some

places. There are also several settlements %e.g. /appleton&.

There is a nature reserve and 3SP$ at )lamborough @ead. There is also a hotel and

tourist camp here.

.roblems

The @olderness coast is experiencing rapid rates of erosion %7m per year on average&.

/any to!ns( villages( roads and even a gas !ors is at ris of falling into the sea.

/appleton and 'ithernsea have both applied and built sea defences to reduce erosion.

There is a gas station at Easington !hich !ill also fall into the sea if the land is not

defended.

5arge amounts of farmland have been lost. 3oad lins may be cut if areas are notdefended.


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The narro! strip of land that connects the life boat station on Spurn Point to mainland is

eroding and is often flooded %and has been completely destroyed.

)amilies have had to abandon living in the community on Spurn Point.

$anagement of coastline

Coastal defence options hard and soft engineering to defend the coastline and reduce

erosion E.g. /appleton and 'ithernsea

'ithersea replaced its old straight !all !ith a recurved sea !all costing MF.8 million

%M:;;; per meter&. The !all protects 'ithernsea and has prevented valuable local

property falling into the sea. 2t employs many people in the tourism industry.

$each nourishment has added sediment to the beach at @ornsea.

M7million has been spent at /appleton to protect the village !ith 4;; residents. 7 roc

groynes built in 4


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Theme 1:

.eople and 0ettlement


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.opulation growth2 control and implications:

"hina3s 4ne "hild .olicy

(ocation: East Asia" Borth of 2ndia

.roblems%'hat problems did China faceO&

China had massive population gro!th %a population explosion&. 2n 4


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Girls traditionally looed after the elderly. 5ess girls plus more girls going to !or means

the elderly are sometimes neglected.

International $igration: .oland to the -+

Why is the migration occurring?

Poland 1oined EU in 7;;9( you can freely live and !or in all countries in the EU

People are moving from Poland to U? in search of employment and a better standard of

living. The average annual income in Poland is M9(;;; a year. 2n the U? it is M4=(;;;.

Poland has the highest unemployment rates in Europe.

)rom 7;;9 7;;I 98;(;;; Polish migrants arrived in the U? to !or.

4(:;; migrants arrive in U? every day. /any arrive in the capital %5ondon& first( and

find !or as builders( maids( plumbers and cleaners.

2n the U? 2n Poland

Positive /any of the 1obs filled are those that

U? citiens do not !ant E.g. in the

building industry.

Economic gro!th as migrants spend

money in shops and on services. %Polish

migrants contributed M4.< billion to

the government in tax and national

insurance in 7;;I&.

3emittances money sent bac to

Poland from !ages earned in U?.

3eturning Polish bring bac ne! sills

!ith them.

Unemployment numbers are reduced.

Allies created bet!een countries.

5ess pollution due to lo!ered

population


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Begative 2ncreased strains on health and

education services.

Pressures on housing sector( high rents

as housing is in short supply.

Pressure on AE services as fe!migrants register !ith a GP

/any !orers demand training

especially in English

Contributions to pollution and carbon

emissions in the U?

Ageing population as young profession

!oring age move to U? leaving

shortfall in pension contributions.

@oles left in the labour maret as

people migrate to U?.$rain drain high silled !orers

move for higher paid 1obs %6octors

are paid 9x as much in U? than

Poland&

!egional migration: $aharashtra 0tate to $umbai

(ocation:

South Asia( Borth !est 2ndia %/ain city is /umbai&

/ahad Talua is a small village south of /umbai in the /aharashtra State

People are leaving the rural area of /ahad Talua in the /aharashtra State to live in

/umbai.

Why are people moving?

Push )actors %reasons to leave the /aharashtra State&

/ost people !or as subsistence farmers

@igh amount of poverty :;J of people live belo! the poverty line

3is of drought"flooding"disease means life is difficult. 2f crops fail then there is

extreme ris of famine

5ac of basic amenities lie !ater and electricity

Poor education and 1ob opportunities

Pull )actors %reason to move to /umbai&

They hope to find a !ell paid 1ob !here they can learn ne! sills.


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The !ant a better life for their families. They also !ant to earn money to send bac to

family members still in /ahad Talua.

.roblems caused:

2n /umbai

/umbai has gro!n at an average rate of 9J per year

Bot enough housing and other facilities lie schools( doctors*

People build o!n houses out of !hatever they can find on any available patch of land*

Appearance of shanty to!ns"slums L 5ac of basic amenities e.g. electricity( clean !ater(

sanitation

2n /aharashtra State

/ainly young men and !omen leaving. This leaves the old and very young to deal !ith

tending to crops( collecting !ater and fuel. Poverty therefore !orsens.

0olutions:

4. 2nvestment in rural areas to prevent people from leaving in the first place E.g.

improving housing and creating better 1ob opportunities for young people.

7. 6emolish the slum areas in /umbai so people have to relocate a!ay from the area and

it can be improved for a different land use.

8. Create more 1obs in the city of /umbai so people can find more !or.

9. 2mprove living conditions in the slums greater !ater access( se!age system( better

health care and education so mae the -uality of life better.


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!egeneration in 0tratford2 (ondon6

Why was the regeneration needed?

The 5ondon borough of Be!ham is the second poorest borough in 5ondon.

There is poor housingH high crime rates( poor health care and the residents have fe!

-ualifications.

94J of people that live in East 5ondon being under 79years old and many are one parent

families.

/uch of the land is also bro!nfield sites( !ith buildings being full of toxic !aste. 6erelict

buildings are also ugly and dangerous.

What has been regenerated?

The aim is to build a :;; acre site lympic Par( !ith a stadium( velodrome( a-uatic

centre and athlete+s village. The athlete+s village !ill be turned into affordable houses

after the games have finished.

A ne! 2nternational Station is being built. 2t !ill host the Eurostar connections. This !ill

mean Stratford is connected to global cities Paris and $russels.

A ne! shopping centreL 'estfield Shopping Centre. 2t is the largest urban shopping

centre in Europe. 2t !ill create I(;;; ne! 1obs.


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What are the impacts of the regeneration?

Positive Begative

Social

M:;(;;; of lympic fund is being put into

ne! football pitches in Be!ham.

To mae !ay for the lympic par( the high

rise social housing is being demolished.

3esidents are being given M=(:;;

compensation to!ards relocation costs. 2t is

felt by many locals that a community spirit no

longer exists here.

Economic

The 2nternational Station !ill attract

foreign investment into the area.

ver 4(;;; businesses have !on contracts

from the lympic 6elivery Authority

%6A&.

The extension of the Dubilee 5ine on the

Underground give Stratford much better

connections to the rest of 5ondon and up

into Essex.

7:; businesses !ill need to be demolished to

mae !ay for the lympic par. All businesses

have been given compensation to!ards

relocation costs but many are not happy !ith

this.


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Environmental

Pylons carry the electricity are being put

underground.

Any recyclable !aste material currently on

derelict land is reused and all other !aste

is being sent to fill in land holes.

Several hundred ne! trees have been

planted in preparation for the games.

Contaminated soil %from heavy metals and

industrial !aste& has taen a!ay from the

site and replaced !ith clean soil.

2t is thought many old trees and vegetation

!ill be trampled on during the games.

n the busiest days =;;(;;; people !ill

travel through Stratford causing congestion

and cro!ding.

"hange in shopping provisions: 'oddesdon town centre

'oddesdon

@oddesdon is located on the A4; in @ertfordshire( Southeast England.

2t is = miles north of the /7: motor!ay and 4I miles north of central 5ondon.

@oddesdon @igh Street has many shops( including fast food outlets( pubs( estate agents( charity

shops( bans( travel agents( a booshop and a library.

'ow have the service provisions changed?

2n 7;;4 a Sainsburys superstore !as opened up on the main road through @oddesdon.

This attracted a large number of ne! people to the to!n.

U$S Triton Properties )und bought the shopping precinct NTo!er Centre+ for MI.< million

in 7;;:. They have since splashed out M:.: million redeveloping the site. The have tried

to attracted Bation 'ide anchor stores in the precinct such as 6ebenham and 'ilinson

but this has proved unsuccessful.

There are no! many empty units in the to!n centre !ith the loss of many independent

stores.

Why have these changes occurred?


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The 'atergardens development in @arlo! !as opened in 7;;9. 2t has a !ide variety of

shops attracting many people a!ay from shopping @oddesdon.

$roofield )arm Centre( in Cheshunt( contains a large Tesco and /ars and Spencers.

There is also a large Argos( $oots and Bext and Be! 5oo. $roofield farm has attracted

shoppers a!ay from @oddesdon. $roofield )arm and @arlo! have led many nation!ide stores to feel it not necessary to

move to the @oddesdon.

Theme 7:

,atural 'a8ards


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*olcanic Eruption in a $E%": ,evado del !ui82 "olombia

When? 48thBovember 4


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The volcano !as produced by the subduction of the oceanic Baca Plate beneath the South

American Plate. 2t is a destructive plate boundary.

.lanning2 .reparation and !esponse:

The 3ed Cross ordered an evacuation of the to!n.

3oads !ere bloced and rescue !orers found it difficult to rescue survivors from the

deep mud.

*olcanic Eruption in a (E%": $ount Etna2 Italy

When? /ount Etna erupted throughout Bovember 7;;7.

Where? /ount Etna is located in the 2talian island( Sicily.

What happened?

/agma !as thro!n 4;;m into the air.

The lava ran do!n the mountain side.

Ash fell continuously onto the city of Catonia and drifted as far south as 5ibya.

4;;; people had to leave their homes and many schools !ere shut do!n.

The airport in Catonia !as closed for 9 days because the ash covered the run!ay and

clogged aeroplane engines.

The siing season !as disrupted !ith three lifts being damaged and a restaurant engulfed

in ash.

@undreds of acres of forest on the slopes of the volcano !ere destroyed.

Who was affected?

The earth-uae damaged more than 4;; homes in Santa >enerina.

8;; businesses affected by the eruption.

$usinesses affected by disruption to tourist season restaurant o!ner etc.

Why did it happen?

A series of earth-uaes measuring 9.8 on the 3ichter scale accompanied many explosions.


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The African plate( Eurasian Plate and 2onian /icro plate all meet converge into each other

to create /t Etna.


@oliday homes !ere taen over by local authorities to house the homeless people.

The to!n of 5inguaglossa !as evacuated before the eruption because of the lava flo!s.

The army craced the tarmac in an attempt to divert the lava a!ay from populated areas.

A ship e-uipped !ith a medical clinic !as positioned off Catania.

The Government gave tax breas to villagers to help them get through the crisis.

/ore than K=m %M:.F million& !as given by the 2talian government for immediate financial

assistance.

Earth5uake in a (E%": 0ichuan2 "hina 199

When?/onday 47th/ay 7;;=

Where?Epicentre !as in Sichuan( China. 2mpacts of the earth-uae !ere felt 4;;s of

miles a!ay in $ei1ing and Thailand.

What?

Environmental

2mpacts

=8; !ater tans collapsed

48;; !ater treatment !ors destroyed impact on people( vegetation and

!ildlife.

7 chemical factories !ere destroyed spilling =; tons of toxic li-uid

ammonia.

Coal /ines badly damaged L threatens fuel supplies.

Economic

2mpacts

%money and

1obs&

5ose of agricultural land irrigation systems for 4;;(;;; hectares of

paddy fields destroyed

Q:;(;;; greenhouses destroyed

I.8million meter s-uared of livestoc barns collapsed.

Social

2mpacts

9: million people affected %F


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%people& 4: million buildings destroyed %places of !or( I;;; schools( hospitals etc&

Who was affected?

)armers loss of agricultural land

People not able to go to !or and school due to damage buildings( roads( rail!ays.

$usiness people loss of offices( services %e.g. shops& causes a large impact on peoples

income.

Why did it happen?

The earth-uae measured I.< on the 3ichter Scale.

The plates involved !ere the Eurasian and the Pacific plate.

The deaths of the many children in schools !as blamed on poorly built structures.

/any homes !ere built of mud and so collapsed very easily.

.lanning2 .reparation and !esponse: The government allocated 7I million ,uan %M7 million& from its emergency relief fund for

the disaster.


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Earth5uake in $E%": Italy 199;

When?

The main shoc occurred on F April 7;;


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Aid !as also offered by various organiations( companies( sport clubs and celebrities

including AC) )iorentina( /adonna( and )iat.

Prime /inister of 2taly Silvio $erlusconi refused foreign aid for the emergency( saying

that 2talians !ere proud people and had sufficient resources to deal !ith the crisis.

People !ere prepared by having a basic emergency tool it to hand. 2t should include

simple tools and supplies lie gloves( shovels( pics( sledgehammers( axes( etc.

All tax billing for all Abruo residents has been suspended by the government( as !ell as

mortgage payments.

4;(;;; people !ere housed in hotels on the coast.

Earth5uake in $E%":


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The earth-uae measured


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Shelters !ere set up in schools and sports halls for people displaced around the

nuclear plant and those made homeless. 'ater !as disputed to those !ho needed it.

The Dapanese meteorological agency sent an earth-uae and tsunami !arning to people

on T>( radio and mobile phones in the country. 2t meant thousands escaped.

@onda advertised !hich roads !ere open on its !ebsite so emergency services ne!

!hich roads to use. Social net!or sites created pages to find missing people. Sype

provided free calls and access to the internet.

Dapan is the most prepared country for natural disasters in the 'orld. Children are

prepared !ith earth-uae drills from a young age and so no! !hat to do.

Tsunami !arnings !ere issued to the coastline allo!ing for people to prepare. A siren

could be heard throughout to!ns and villages !arning people of the tsuanmi.

Tropical 0torm in $E%": 'urricane +atrina 199=

When? 7:thAugust 7;;:.

Where? East coast of the USA in the areas of /ississippi( Be! rleans and 5ouisiana.

What happened?

The river flooding through Be! rleans burst allo!ing !ater into the city up to 8m

deep.

2t !as estimated =;J of Be! rleans !as under !ater. /ost of the roads in and out of the city !ere damaged. 7 ma1or bridges collapsed.

Who?

The death toll !as more than 4=;; many dro!ned and !ere not recovered from the

!ater for days.

ver 4;(;;; !ere made homeless.

ver 8(;;; people !ere !ithout electricity.


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Why did it happen?

The hurricane began as a very lo! pressure !eather system but strengthened as it

moved to!ards the )lorida coast.

)looding !as made !orst by the heavy rain. The levees on the river in Be! rleans

!ere breached.

.rediction2 preparation and response:

/any scientists are constantly monitoring the ris of haards across the country.

n 7=thAugust 4.7 million people !ere issues !ith evacuation orders.

:I emergency shelters !ere established in coastal areas.

The 5ouisiana Superdome !as set up for people !ho could not leave the area.

There !ere not enough buses and coaches to evacuate all of the vulnerable people.

There !as a shortage of food and no access to a clean !ater supply for survivors(

!hich raised problems of contaminated !ater and health riss.


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Tropical 0torm in (E%": "yclone ,argis 199

When? 7


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Water)id in $ali

'aterAid operates in /ali( in 'est Africa. 2t has been there since 7;;;.

Why is Water)id needed in $aliThe natural environment of /ali is harsh and deteriorating.3ainfall levels continue to decline.F:J of the country is desert or semi desert.

:;J of the population do not have access to a sustainable !ater supplyThe countries !ater industry does not supply services to the poorest areas.

What is Water)id doing in $ali?2t is providing clean !ater and sanitation services to the poorest people in the slums of the

countries capital( $amao.2t aims to demonstrate to the countries government that it can provide !ater to everyone.2t has constructed a !ater net!or.

Why is it sustainable aid?


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2t is training local people to manage and maintain the system. This encourages the community

to invest in its o!n infrastructure and to continue their !on development in the future.

'ow has Water)id helped?Significant improvements in the health of the community3educed number of deaths caused by diarrhoeal diseases by F:J.3educed number of child deaths. A child dies every 4I seconds for diseases associated !ith

unsafe !ater.5ife in times of drought is made easierCommunities are able to plan and build infrastructure

0econdary Industry in 0outh East &ra8il (E%"@

South East $rail is the economic core region of $rail. 2t economic !ell being and -uality f

life are higher her than all other parts of the country.

Examples of secondary industry in 0E &ra8il

/ost of the 'orlds large maers are based there )ord( G/( Toyota( >' and )iat.

ther industries include textiles( furniture( clothing and shoemaing.

Why have they located here?

The region is the focus of the country+s road and rail net!ors

2t contains the main airports and seaports.

2t has a significant pipeline net!or for oil and gas.

2t has a high population density to provide a large !orforce %I7.9 million ppl&2t has many ra! materials located in the region.

2t has a large maret to sell its products to.

'ow has this been beneficial to &ra8il?

/any other /BCs have follo!ed.

5ots of 1ob opportunities for locals( causing a rise in income for its people

/ore tax for government to spend on health( education and infrustructure


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2mprovements to the environment

/ore transport lins %airports( roads( rail!ays& built.

Auaternary industry on the $> corridor in the -+ $E%"@

The N/9 corridor+ is the nicname given to the area !hich runs parallel !ith the /9 motor!ay

bet!een 5ondon and $ristol. 2t contains many of the countries -uaternary industries.

Examples of 5uaternary industry in the $> corridor

The are includes electrical oods( car parts and many food companies. 2t also has industries in

research and processing of computer and telecommunications e-uipment.

E.g. 6ell( 5G( Panasonic( >odafone and /icrosoft.

Why have they located here?

Close location of other motor!ays /44( /78 and /8

They do not re-uire the transporting of ra! materials

There is a !ealthy maret in the area to sell products to

A high speed rail lin follo!s the /9 corridor

Close access to the Channel Tunnel for EU maret

Easy access to the 8 main airports %@eathro!( Gat!ic and Stanstead& for international

business lins

Close to big universities %$rsitol( xford( 3eading& for a pool of highly silled graduates for

high tech 1obs %research scientists and engineers&.

Bearby universities provide research and development facilities

Bearby countryside for pleasant living for !orers.


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,ike in *ietnam

Bies head-uarters are in regon( USAThere are 4:; Asian factories employing 8:;(;;; manufacturing products for BieThere are 89 Bie plants in >ietnamBie+s >ietnam head -uarters is in @o Chi /inh City.About I: million pairs of shoes are made for Bie each year.

&enefits ,ike brings to *ietnamCreates 1obs for the people in >ietnam

Bie pays higher !ages than other local companiesther /BCs have been attracted to >ietnamSets ne! standards for other companies in the country %e.g. health and safety( !ages&Contributions to local tax and the government

%isadvantages ,ike brings to *ietnamThe company image and advertising might undermine the culture of >ietnamBie may have a political influence over the governmentBie could leave at any moment to go to a cheaper location

,ike in an international context

F:;(;;; people are employed in I;; factories !orld!ide( more than I:J of its !orforce

are based in Asia. The ma1ority of !orers are !omen are under the age of 7:.

Bie has !ritten a policy promoting safe !oring conditions in it+s factories

Bie aims to produce shoes for the Nniche maret+.

Environmental concerns and economic development in "hina3s .earl

delta

The Pearl 3iver 6elta is in south east China. 2t is the focal point of massive investment in

China. The Pearl 3iver drains into the South China Sea.


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Economic %evelopment

The manufacturing industries in this area employ 8; million people.

The Shenhen region produces I;J of the 'orlds photocopies and =;J of the 'orlds

artificial Christmas trees.

The 6ongguan specialises in running shoes( employing =;(;;; people in one factory.

Environmental "oncerns

2n 7;;I( ="4; rainfalls in Guanghou %and 9:J in the province& !ere classified as acid rain.

This is caused by a high concentration of factories and a gro!ing number of cars.

@alf of the !aste !ater in the urban areas of Guangdong is not treated before being dumped

in rivers. The area aims to cut chemical !ater pollution of !ater by 4:J by 7;4;.

Almost all urban areas have reduced vegetation cover. This has resulted in serious erosion of

land.

The Environmental Protection $ureau classifies the environmental situation as Nsevere+.

'ow are they tackling the problem?

@igher se!age treatment charges

Stricter pollution regulations on factories

Tougher national regulations in vehicle emissions

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