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KING COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
JOSHUA FISHER, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly-situated,
No. Plaintiff,
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
ij
UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., a Delaware corporation; RAISER, LLC, a subsidiary of UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.; JOHN DOES I-V and JANE DOES I-V; BLACK CORPORATIONS I-V; WHITE LIMITED LIABLITY COMPANIES I-V; and GREEN PARTNERSHIPS I-V,
Defendants.
For their Complaint against the Defendants, Plaintiff JOSHUA FISHER, on behalf of
himself and all other individuals who have worked or are currently working as drivers for
Defendants Uber Technologies, Inc. ("Uber") and Raiser LLC ("Raiser"), an Uber subsidiary
("Defendants" or "Uber") in the State of Washington, by and through counsel, alleges the
following:
CLASS ACTION COMPLAiNT - 1
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.LC.
1530 EASTLAKS AVENUE EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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PARTIES, JURISDICTION, AND VENUE 1
2 1. Plaintiff Joshua Fisher is a resident of King County, Washington.
3 2. Defendant Uber is a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco,
4 California, that is authorized to conduct business and does conduct business throughout the State
5 of Washington, including in King County, Washington.
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3. Defendant Raiser is a subsidiary of Uber and is the equivalent of Uber for the
7 purposes of this action, and is authorized to conduct business and does conduct business
8 throughout the State of Washington, including in King County, Washington.
9 4. Defendants JOHN DOES I-V and JANE DOES I-V; BLACK CORPORATIONS
10 I-V; WHITE LIMITED LIABLITY COMPANIES I-V; and GREEN PARTNERSHIPS I-V, are
11 fictitious Defendants whose true names or capacities, whether individual, corporate, associate or
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otherwise, are unknown to Plaintiff at this time. Plaintiff therefore sues the Defendants by such 13
fictitious names and will seek leave of the Court to amend this Complaint when their true names 14
15 and capacities become known.
16 5. Defendants have caused events to occur in King County, Washington.
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6. Venue is proper in King County, Washington, because the Defendants conduct
18 business in King County, Plaintiff is a resident of King County, and the events that give rise to
19 Plaintiffs causes of action occurred in King County.
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CLASS ALLEGATIONS
21 7. Plaintiff brings this Class action pursuant to CR 23(a), on behalf of himself and
22 all other similarly situated Uber drivers in the State of Washington. Plaintiff reserves the right to
23 modify this class definition prior to moving for class certification.
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -2
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUS EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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8. Subject to additional information obtained through further investigation and I
2 discovery, the foregoing definition of the Class may be expanded or narrowed by amendment or
3 amended complaint. Excluded from the Class are Defendants and their affiliates, parents,
4 subsidiaries, employees, officers, agents, and directors; government entities or agencies, their
5 affiliates, employees, officers, agents, and directors in their governmental capacities; any judicial
6 officer presiding over this matter and the members of their immediate families and judicial staff;
7 and class counsel.
8 9. This action is properly maintainable as a class action pursuant to CR 23 for the
9 following reasons:
10 a. The Class is ascertainable and there is a well-defined community of interest
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among the members of the Class; 12
b. Membership in the Class is so numerous as to make it impractical to bring all 13
Class members before the Court. The identity and exact number of Class 14
15 members is unknown but is estimated to be at least in the thousands.
16 c. Plaintiff's claims are typical of those of other Class members, all of whom have
17 suffered harm due to Uber' s violations of the law.
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d. Plaintiff is a member of the Class.
19 e. There are numerous and substantial questions of law and fact common to all of
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the members of the Class which control this litigation and predominate over any
21 individual issues pursuant to CR 23(b)(3). The common issues include, but are
22 not limited to, the following:
23 i. Whether Defendants have charged customers a gratuity for class
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members' services; 25
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -3
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206) 398-1188
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ii. Whether Defendants failed to distribute the total proceeds of those 1
2 gratuities to the class members;
3 iii. Whether Defendants have informed customers that gratuity is included in
4 the price of the Uber service and so there is no need to tip the drivers;
5 iv. Whether class members have suffered damages based upon Uber's
6 representation to customers that there is no need to tip the drivers;
7 v. Whether Defendants improperly classified class members as independent
8 contractors rather than employees;
9 vi. Whether class members have been required to pay the expenses of their
10 employment, including the cost of a vehicle, repairs, gas and tolls;
11 vii. Whether Uber unlawfully denied to compensate its employees, Uber' s
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drivers, those expenses; and 13
viii. Whether class members were denied employee benefits as required by 14
law. 15
16 10. As provided in CR 23(a)(3), the proposed lead Plaintiff's representative claims
17 are typical of those of the proposed Class because the proposed lead Plaintiff's damages are
18 based upon the same legal theories. The proposed representative Plaintiff's grievances, like the
19 proposed Class grievances, arise out of the same business practices and course of conduct of
20 Defendants. Further, Plaintiffs' damages arise out of a pattern of nearly identical and repetitive
21 business practices conducted by Defendants. Finally, the representative Plaintiff has no special
22 circumstances that would put him in conflict with the other members of the Class.
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -4 MYERS & COMPANY, P.LL.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATrLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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11. As provided by CR 23(a)(4), the representative Plaintiff can adequately represent
2 the Class. No conflict of interest exists between the representatives and the Class members or
3 with respect to the claims for relief requested.
4 12. Without a class action, the Class will continue to suffer damage and Defendant's
5 I violations of the law or laws will continue without remedy.
13. The representative Plaintiff and his chosen attorneys are familiar with the subject
7 matter of the lawsuit and have full knowledge of the allegations contained in this complaint so as
8 to be able to assist in its prosecution. In addition, the representative's attorneys are competent in
9 the relevant areas of the law and have sufficient experience to vigorously represent the Class.
10 Furthermore, the resources available to Class counsel ensure that the litigation will not be
11 hampered by a lack of financial capacity. Plaintiffs' attorneys have sufficient financial resources
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and are willing to absorb the costs of this litigation. 13
14 14. As provided by CR 23(b), a class action is superior to any other available method
15 for adjudicating this controversy. This proposed class action is the surest way to fairly and
16 expeditiously compensate so large a number of injured persons; to keep the courts from
17 becoming paralyzed by hundreds, perhaps thousands of repetitive cases, and to reduce
18 transaction costs so that the injured Class can obtain the most compensation possible. Class
19 treatment of this controversy presents a superior mechanism for fairly resolving similar issues
20 and claims without repetitious and wasteful litigation.
21 15. The claims in this case are properly certifiable under applicable law.
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAiNT -5
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKS AVENIJS EAST
SEArFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHoNE (206) 398-1188
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STATEMENT OF FACTS 1
.3
A. Background
3 16. Uber is a car service that provides drivers who can be hailed and dispatched
4 through a mobile application.
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17. At all relevant times, Uber was an "employer" within the meaning of all
6 applicable statutes.
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18. Uber compensates its drivers weekly. Uber takes a percentage of the total fares
8 driven and the driver receives the remainder of the fare. Because Uber classifies its drivers as
9 independent contractors, Plaintiff had to pay expenses, including gas, tolls, car repairs and lease
10 payments, from his portion of the fare.
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19. Uber also deducts a $1 "safe ride" fee from each fare which is allegedly used to 12
pay for background checks, driver safety education and development of safety features in its 13
14 mobile application - an expense the employer should pay, not the employee.
15 20. Uber1 s contract provides that drivers are to be compensated $6 for cancelled fares
16 but fails to actually pay the drivers any amount at all.
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21. From July of 2012 through June of 2013, Plaintiff worked for Uber as an
18 UberBLACK driver.
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22. On average, Plaintiff drove eight (8) hours per week throughout the course of his
20 employment with Uber.
21 23. Plaintiff received 80% of the total fare, and Uber received the remaining 20% of
22 the total fare.
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -6
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPIONE (206)398-1188
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24. Plaintiff earned approximately $200 per week. From the $200, Plaintiff then had 1
n to pay his employment related expenses, including gas and tolls, which totaled between $35 and
L
3 $50 per week.
4 25. In the beginning of his employment, Plaintiff's expenses also included $10 per
5 week for use of a borrowed iPhone. Once the application for Uber became accessible on an
6 Android device, Plaintiff no longer needed to pay $10 per week for the cell phone rental.
7 Nonetheless, Uber's practice is to continue to charge the $10 fee.
8 26. Uber also has a practice of denying drivers fares on the basis that they are not
9 eligible to drive when in fact they are; for example, at the beginning of the month, Uber will
10 deactivate a driver whose registration is not due until the end of the month.
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27. Uber makes deceptive statements concerning the amount that drivers can earn. 12
For example, during surge pricing surrounding a public event, such as a college football game, 13
Uber will claim that drivers can make more than their usual fare, which is not possible due to 14
15 traffic congestion.
16 28. Uber told drivers that they would receive a credit card that would entitle them to a
17 discount for fuel; however, no card was ever provided.
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29. Over the course of his employment, Uber failed to compensate Plaintiff for any
19 employment related expenses incurred, including gas, tolls, cellular phone bills, insurance, car
20 maintenance and repairs.
21 30. During the course of his employment, Plaintiff did not receive gratuities.
22 31. Uber specifically advertises to its customers that tips are included in the cost of
23 the fare:
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -7
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATTLE, WASH!NGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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1 DO I NEED TO TIP MY DRIVER?
You don't need cash when you ride with Uber. Once you arrive at your destination,
2 your fare is automatically charged to your credit card on file - there's no need to tip.
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32. Despite Uber's representation that "there is no need to tip," Uber drivers are not
4 compensated for gratuities. In fact, Uber specifically instructed its drivers to refuse a cash
5 gratuity if offered.
6 B. Misclassification of Drivers
7 33. Plaintiff alleges that Uber uniformly misclassifies its drivers as independent
8 contractors when they should be categorized as employees.
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34. Uber exerts significant control over its drivers. For example, upon signing a 10
11 license agreement to work for Uber, new drivers of Uber must watch a video demonstrating how
12 Uber wants its drivers to interact with customers.
13 35. In addition, all drivers for Uber must maintain an average customer star
14 evaluation of at least 4.5 out of a possible 5 stars. Instructions on how to improve one's star
15 rating are given to drivers who fall below this average in any given week. If a driver fails to
16 maintain an average customer rating of 4.5, Uber will deactivate his or her ability to use the
17 application to pick up customers, an action tantamount to terminating the driver "at will," a
18 hallmark of an employee-employer relationship.
19 36. Uber also unilaterally sets the fares for all rides and drivers are required to charge
20 the cost determined solely by Uber.
21 37. As a result of its misclassification, Uber failed to provide Plaintiff and other
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similarly aggrieved employees with itemized wage statements, minimum wages and 23
24 reimbursement for necessary expenses. Uber failed to keep accurate payroll records evidencing
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -8
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.LC.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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drivers' hours worked and wages paid and unlawfully retained gratuities owed to drivers, despite 1
2 representing to customers and advertising that gratuity is included in the total cost of the service.
3 C. Violations of Washington Employment Laws
4 38. Plaintiff further alleges that Uber violated the Revised Code of Washington in its
5 (i) failure to provide prompt payment of wages to drivers upon termination and resignation in
6 violation of RCWA 49.48.010; (ii) retention of gratuities intended for drivers; (iii) failure to keep
7 required payroll records in violation of RCWA 49.46.070; (iv) its failure to pay minimum wages
8 in violation of RCWA 49.12.150; and (v) its failure to pay overtime in violation of RCWA
9
49.46. 130.
10 COUNT I
11 TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACT & BUSINESS RELATIONS
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39. Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
13 preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
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40. On its website, Defendants' specifically sets forth:
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16 DO I NEED TO TIP MY DRIVER?
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You dr3ni need cash when you ride with tJber. Once you arrive at your dctination, your tare is automatically chargoct to your crcdiz
card on file - Iheres no need to t1P.
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41. Defendants' conduct, in failing to remit the total proceeds of gratuities to drivers 19
constitutes unlawful tortious interference with the contractual and/or advantageous relationship 20
that exists between the drivers and customers. 21
22 42. Defendants' conduct, informing customers "there is no need to tip," constitutes
23 unlawful tortious interference with the contractual and/or advantageous relationship that exists
24 between the drivers and customers.
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT -9
MYERS & COMPANY, P.LL.C.
1530 EASTLAKa AvENUE EAsT
SEArILE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206) 398-1188
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Defendants had a contract with Plaintiff, were aware of those contracts,
intentionally procured the breach of those contracts, and caused Plaintiff damages thereby.
COUNT II BREACH OF CONTRACT
Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
Defendants have a contract with the drivers, requiring them to remit to the drivers
the total proceeds of all gratuities.
At all relevant times, Defendants did withhold, and continue to withhold,
gratuities given by customers to drivers, and/or gratuities that are incorporated into the set fare.
Defendants' withholding of gratuities constitutes a breach of contract.
As a result of the Defendants' withholding of gratuities, Plaintiff, on behalf of
himself and the proposed class, has suffered damages by, among other things, not realizing the
full income he and the class are entitled to receive.
COUNT III UNJUST ENRICHMENT
Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
Defendants unlawfully retained gratuities owed to the drivers.
As a result, Defendants has been unjustly enriched through their retention of a
portion of the gratuities owed to the drivers.
Plaintiff and the class members are entitled to restitution for their full share of the
proceeds of the improperly retained gratuities.
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT - 10
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAST
SEATILE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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COUNT IV CONVERSION
53. Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
3 preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
4
54. Defendants unlawfully took Plaintiff's property, namely tips and money spent for 5
expenses, without Plaintiff's permission. 6
55. As a result, Plaintiff was harmed and class members are entitled to restitution for 7
8 their full share of proceeds, as well as treble damages.
COUNT V
9 UNFAIR COMPETITION
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56. Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all 11
preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein. 12
57. RCW Ch. 19.86 prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of 13
business. 14
15 58. Defendants' actions constituted unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the
16 conduct of business. Defendants' acts have the capacity to deceive a substantial portion of the
17 public, including Plaintiff and class members.
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59. Plaintiff's property rights, specifically gratuities and expenses, were
19 misappropriated by Defendants for their commercial advantage.
20 60. Defendants deceived Plaintiff by making false accusations regarding gratuities,
21 cancelled fares and opportunities to earn during surge pricing.
22 61. Defendants unjustly profited by Plaintiff's expenditure of time, labor and talent.
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62. As a result of Defendants unfair or deceptive acts or practices, Plaintiff and the 24
proposed class suffered economic damages in an amount to be proven at trial. 25
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT - 11
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE LAST
SEATrLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206)398-1188
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COUNT VI FRAUD AND MISREPRESENTATION
63. Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
3 preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
4 64. Defendants made a material representation of fact, that Plaintiff would receive
5 gratuities, which was untrue, which Defendants knew was an untrue statement at the time, with
6
the intent to deceive, which Plaintiffjustifiably relied upon, causing Plaintiff to incur damages. 7
8 65. Defendants also informed Plaintiff and proposed class members that they would
9 receive a cancellation fee refund if a passenger cancelled, which Defendants knew was an untrue
10 statement at the time, with the intent to deceive, which Plaintiff justifiably relied upon, causing
11 Plaintiff to incur damages.
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66. Defendants made a material representation of fact, that Plaintiff would receive a
13 card for discounted gas, which Defendants knew was an untrue statement at the time, with the
14 intent to deceive, which Plaintiff justifiably relied upon, causing Plaintiff to incur damages.
15 COUNT VII
16 VIOLATIONS OF WASHINGTON EMPLOYMENT LAW
17 67. Plaintiff, on behalf of himself and the proposed class, repeats and realleges all
18 preceding paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.
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68. Despite the existence of an agreement indicating Plaintiff is an independent
20 contractor, the treatment of Plaintiff and control exercised by Uber indicate that Plaintiff is an
21 employee.
22 69. Plaintiff seeks damages pursuant to the Revised Code of Washington for
23 violations of the following sections:
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT - 12
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AvENUE EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHoNE (206) 398-1188
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a. Failure to provide prompt payment of wages to driver employees upon 1
2 termination and resignation in violation of RCW 49.48.010;
3 b. Improperly retaining portions of gratuities intended for driver employees;
4 c. Failure to keep required payroll records in violation of RCW 49.46.070;
5
d. Failure to pay minimum wages in violation of RCW 49.12.150.
6 e. Failure to pay overtime in violation of RCW 49.46.130.
7
70. As a result of Uber' s violations, Plaintiff is entitled to recover damages associated
8 with the wages and benefits withheld in violation of the Revised Code of Washington as well as
9 attorneys' fees pursuant to RCW 49.48.030. In addition, Plaintiff seeks the imposition of
10 penalties on the Defendants with respect to the applicable provisions of RCW 49.60.180 and
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49.60.210 12
REQUEST FOR RELIEF 13
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff, individually and on behalf of the proposed class, requests 14
15 relief against the Defendants as follows:
16 a. An award of damages, including compensatory and treble damages, in an amount
17 to be determined at trial;
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b. Notice to the Classes of the action;
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C. An injunction against Defendants prohibiting Defendants from engaging in each
20 of the unlawful practices, policies and patterns set forth herein;
21 d. Liquidated damages, pursuant to RCW;
22 e. Reasonable attorneys' fees and costs of this action;
23 f. Pre-judgment and post-judgment interest as provided by law; and
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAiNT - 13
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLAKE AVENUE EAsT
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206) 398-I 188
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An Order requiring that Defendants return to Plaintiff any gratuities and any other
funds wrongfully kept by Defendants; and
Such other and further relief that the Court may deem just and proper.
DATED this 121h day of October, 2015.
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
Attorneys for Plaintiff
By: Michael David Myers WSBA No. 22486
NAPOLI LAW, P.L.L.C.
By: 5/ Marie Napoli Marie Napoli (pro hac vice pending)
IMBESI LAW, p.c.
By: s/Brittany Weiner Brittany Weiner (pro hac vice pending)
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT - 14
MYERS & COMPANY, P.L.L.C.
1530 EASTLARE AVENUE EAST
SEATFLE, WASHINGTON 98102
TELEPHONE (206) 398-1 188
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