competence, process, and assessment standards
DESCRIPTION
Competence, Process, and Assessment Standards. Helena I. R. Agustien Universitas Negeri Semarang [email protected]. Why we need a CC model. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Competence, Process, and
Assessment StandardsHelena I. R. Agustien
Universitas Negeri [email protected]
Why we need a CC modelCelce-Murcia et al.’s effort has been motivated by the belief in the potential in the direct, explicit approach to the teaching of communicative skills, which would require a detailed description of what CC entails in order to use the sub-components as a content base in syllabus design.(p.6)
CompetenceDiscourse
Competence
Linguistic Comp.. Actional Comp.
Socio –Cultural Comp.
Strategic Competence
Discourse Competence
Discourse competence concerns the selection, sequencing, and arrangement of words, structures, sentences and utterance to achieve a unified spoken or written text. (p.13)
Components of Discourse Competence
• COHESION Reference, Substutition, Conjuction, Lexical Chains• DEIXES Personal pronouns, Spatial, Temporal, Textual• COHERENCE Thematization, Management of old and new information• GENRE/GENERIC STRUCTURE
Narrative, Report, service encounter, etc.• CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE
How to perform opening, hold the floor, adjacency pairs, etc.
Linguistic Competence• Syntax• Morphology• Lexicon• Phonology• Orthography
Actional Competence• Interpersonal Exchange• Information• Opinions• Feelings• Suasion• Problems• Future Scenario
Sociocultural Competence• Social Contextual Factors• Stylistic Appropriateness
Factors• Cultural Factors• Non-Verbal Communicative
Factors
Strategic Competence• Avoidance or Reduction Strategies• Achievement or Compensatory Str.• Stalling or Time-Gaining Str.• Self-Monitoring Str.• Interactional Str.
What do we develop?• The ability to participate in discourse, or• The ability to communicate, or• The ability to create spoken and written
texts, or• The ability to negotiate meanings, or• The ability to exchange nuances of
meanings
How do we develop discourse competence?
By knowing that1. Communication happens in text2. Every text has communicative
purpose3. Every text has structure4. Every text has linguistic features5. Every text is a genre
TEXT
CULTUREGenre (Purpose)
Situation
Who is involved?
(Tenor)
Subject matter Channel
(Field) (Mode)
Register
SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGECONTINUUM
Most Spoken Most Written
Spoken LanguageWritten Language
Language accompanying action Language as reflection
What do people do when communicating?
•They exchange meanings.
Ideational
InterpersonalTextual
Discourse Semantic Level
LexicogrammaticalLevel
Phonology/
Graphology
Level
CULTURAL LEVEL
Syarat pengembangan Syarat pengembangan kompetensi komunikatifkompetensi komunikatif
Scaffolding Talks:Scaffolding Talks:Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam
mengelola proses pembelajaran mengelola proses pembelajaran sebagai sebagai
language accompanying action.language accompanying action.
Zone of Proximal Development
Independent
Learning zone
Interactive
discourse
Teacherintervention
Peer-peerinteraction
Peran guruPeran guruMenciptakan pengalaman Menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaranpembelajaranMerancang kegiatanMerancang kegiatanMerancang komunikasiMerancang komunikasiBerperan sebagai “ibu” Berperan sebagai “ibu” dalam pemerolehan bahasa dalam pemerolehan bahasa alamiahalamiah
Learning ExperiencesLearning Experiences
LiteracyLiteracyPrinciplesPrinciplesCollaboration
Interpretation
Convention
Cultural Knowledge
Problem Solving
Reflection
Language USE
LiteracyLiteracy LevelsLevelsPerformative LevelPerformative LevelFunctional LevelFunctional LevelInformational LevelInformational LevelEpistemic LevelEpistemic Level
What is the What is the KEYKEY to creating to creating texts?texts?
Negotiating Negotiating meaningsmeaningsResponding to Responding to interlocutorinterlocutorContinuing own textsContinuing own texts
How do we negotiate?How do we negotiate?
InterpersonallyInterpersonally
LogicosemanticallyLogicosemantically
Where in the sentence does Where in the sentence does interpersonal meaning interpersonal meaning
reside?reside?In the In the MoodMood area area
Mood = Subject + FiniteMood = Subject + FiniteMood expresses:Mood expresses:AttitudesAttitudesFeelingsFeelingsJudgement Judgement Etc.Etc.
Negotiating interpersonallyNegotiating interpersonally
A : A : I amI am sleepy.sleepy.B : B : Are you?Are you?
C : C : I loveI love her. her.D : D : You do, don’t youYou do, don’t you..
E : E : I cleanedI cleaned the room! the room!D : D : No, you didn’tNo, you didn’t!!
When is When is interpersonalinterpersonal negotiation dominant?negotiation dominant?
In In sustained casual sustained casual conversationsconversations* Chatting* Chatting* Gossiping* Gossiping* Killing the time* Killing the time
Negotiating Negotiating logicosemanticallylogicosemantically
A : I am A : I am sleepy.sleepy.B : B : Sleepy or hungrySleepy or hungry??A : A : BothBoth, actually., actually.
C : C : What’What’s your name?s your name?D : D : HartatiHartatiC : C : WhereWhere do you live? do you live?D : D : Jalan DiponegoroJalan Diponegoro..
Negotiation in WritingNegotiation in Writing Focused on Focused on old and new old and new informationinformation
Focused on Focused on Theme and Theme and RhemeRheme
Old and Old and New New InformationInformationOnce upon a time, Once upon a time, there was an old ladythere was an old lady..
She She was very poor, but she was happywas very poor, but she was happy..
She She had a handsome son called Ande-Ande had a handsome son called Ande-Ande Lumut.Lumut.
He He was a fine young manwas a fine young man..
Many girls likedMany girls liked him him..
NegotiationNegotiation is is
* * The Communication EngineThe Communication Engine
* * The key to discourse The key to discourse competencecompetence
Good Luck!Good Luck!